GO4 ROSS S: BACE-EXTRACTION OP SULPHUR CONPOUNDS FROAI COAL GAS. [May 81, 1810. ____ --._.I.- - T H E SOCIETY Oh' CHEAIICAL INDUSTRY. -

MCONE AND EXPENDITURE ACCOUNT POR PEAR 1W9.

Honoririuin to 'kmurer's Axsistnnt nnd Clcrlcnl A S R I S ~ cincc ..................... ii 10 0

Rent T,l~hIlng nnd Cleno i~ !~ . . 108 1 t

ESPENJ)lTURE. . f 8. d. E a. d.

To Journnl - Xdltorlnl nntl Sundrs

tirrcs ... ;-. ....... 200 0 0 Xuttingl1nn1 . .lollit

Shtiun 3% JMJcn- tures ............

1260 0 0 (:rent \Vcstrm 1Lly. 6% Ciunriititeed ...

600 0 0 (;!gut Xorllicrn Rlr.

0

- 1017 5 I1 pllonc, untl Slllldr)' cspenscs 161 10 6

., Imv LCstu i ind otlirr espcnses i n eon- nectlon with Trnnsfcr o f Stocks. Bc. .............. 41 2 4

....... no. B: 11 110. 'ik 0 Abstrnctors ................ 600 14 7 Sub-llclltor's Snlnrs.. ........ 160 0 0

Gruntlinui Ciiniil 4 a % Consoliilntcri . 17 5 7

Intirest on Deposits 17 0 4 I

- 631 2 b

Indcsing Journnl, Be. ...... 100 18 0 I'orelgn Joumnls ........... 23 6 6 Suntlry Journnls ............ 21 1 8 I~rencli nail U.S.A. l'ntcnla nncl

Specillentio~~x ............. a0 1:I 11 Insurnncc 01 Stock ......... (I 10 0

I duo to somc constituont of tho gus othor thnn sulphurettod hydrogon thnt \vns prosont in wrying qunntitios.

Doturminntions of tho nmounts of iodino solution nctod upon by conl gns rind cnrburottod wntor gns, nftor doduction of tho totnl sulphur ns dotormined by tho roforoo's tost., ahowod thnt Lho lnttor contnincd moro gnsos wliioh iictod on tho iodino solution thnn (lid coal gns. This is clonrly shown by tho following figuros. -

1050 0 0

- 4133 7 7 l'ubllsl~lng espeneca ........ 2483 6 10

,, Scctionnl ospeiises- Uo&n .................... I~lmiliinlinni and Jfltllnntl ... Ciinndinn .................. Liverpool .................. London .................... Jluncliefiter ................ Ivcwcnslle-on-Tync .......... X c a Yurk ................. IvottinRlinni ................. Scottish .................... Sydney .................... Yorkslilrc. ..................

76 0 0

30 0 0 00 0 7 122 8 2 47 0 0

160 0 0 43 10 0 :13 10 :I

37 0 1

a:i I 6

18 a a

12 o a 4 0 .. Aununl Jlceliilg espcnses .........

,, Working espensw- Smmtnry'x Stiliiry ......... 300 0 0 ~ \ f i H k k I l l t 111 O f l i C C . .......... 200 0 0 Honornriunt to Trcnsurer's

Axsistnnt nnd Clcrlcnl A S R I S ~ cincc .....................

ILcnt T,l~hIlng nnd C l e n n i ~ t ~ . . Postage, Ikuili Cllnrges, Tclc-

., Imv LCstu i ind otlirr espcnses i n eon- nectlon with Trnnsfcr o f Stocks. Bc. ..............

Stati&ery ant1 Ilintiing ..... pllonc, untl Slllldr)' cspenscs 161 10 6 - 1017

ii 10 0 108 1 t 77 4 I

41

5 I1

2 4

IFCOIIII.;.

BY Butriincc Ikes .................. .. Life Conl~iosition Fecs ........... .. Annnnl Subscriptlons ............ ,, Journul- Ailvcrtlsenients .............. Snlcs ...................... .. Collective I~iile~-Siibserl~~tloris ... .. I)eecnnlnl Indcs-Snles .......... ,, I)lvltlcnda nnd Interest on lnrest-

f

1000

1277

12:11 000

1084

1008

1600

073

1000

4470

nlcllta- 1. d .

I 0 2 JIctrnlinlitrin:l% Crin- Holltluted .........

0 0 sew %cllllund 3% (1046) ...........

4 8 XCW S o d \Vnlcs:I%

0 10 0 0

13 4

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

(1035) ............ CuIlsolR 2)% ...... Gnx Llglit n n c l Cuke

:I?!, 1)cbcntitrea.. .. Sortli Jlritisli 3yk Connulitlnteil ......

Jliillntid ILly. S ) W Perpetunl PrcfcrenG

Grent l3iistern ILly. 4 % Irretlectniible .

Soutli lluslarn RIy. 4& % I'rcferred ....

Jlctrti~rolltrin \Viiler llonrtl 3% I)rbcn-

E 6. d. f a. d 080 13 0 70 12 3 - 303 6 :I

6047 13 a :v%4 10 . 1 02.1 10 4 - 040 6 6

6 1 2 0 40 6 0

,, Esccsa of lnconio over Ilspetidlturo -1000 ...................

I

107 0 5

28 7 0

04 lo, ; 00 - - 17 1 3

30 10 7

40 3 10

67 4 4

28 1 4 1

"8 7 6

I 0067 10 8

ion2 7 10

tirrcs ... ;-. ....... 200 0 0 X'ottinnlinni . . l o I i i t ....

~SbltjI~l -3% JMJcn- tures ............

1260 0 0 (:rent \Vcstrm 1Lly. 6% Ciunriititeed ...

600 0 0 (;!gut Xorllicrn Rlr. .I /n i)eticnturcs . .'.

450 0 0 Nottlngliiini ~ i i t t l Gruntlinui Ciiniil 4 a % Consoliilntcri . 17 5 7

Intirest on Deposits 17 0 4 - 631 2 b

6 13 0

60 1 11

00 15 0

$1160 4 0 I f7160 4 0 - ---

Manchester Section. Jfecliiig Ircld at illanclrealer, on Friday, April lal, 1010.

nlR. R. 11. CLATTOS IS TIIE CIIAIR.

THE EXTR,ACl'ION OF SULPHUR COllPOUNDS FROM COAL GAS.

B Y RAYBIONI) ROSS, P.I.C., P.C.S., ASD JOSEI'II RACE, P.I.C. Somo timo ngo tho chnirmnn of this Soction brought

to our notico nn n q~i rn tus mod by tho Unitod Gas Improve- mont Co., of Philndolphin, for tho control of oxido purifi- ontiori by monns of tho iodoniotrio titration of tho sulphur oontonts of tho gas.

Tho nppnrutus consista of n moclifiod Bunto burotto in which R gircn volumo of gns is titrntod with tin iodino aolution, onch c.cm. of n.hich is oquivnlont to 100 grnins of sulphurottod hydrogon por I00 cub. It. of gns. Cortnin inncournoios ovidontly trttcndod its dso, ns tho putontocs

in t out. thnL o\'on with gns criLiroly froo from sulphurottad Gdrogon, nn upprocinblo nmoutit of iodirio xolution is mquirod to coloiir tho staroh solution n pormrinont bluo. To ovorcomo this thoy rocomncnd tha t " n cortnin constnnt, proviously dotorminod on onch frosh bottlo of staroh solution, should bc subtrnctod from nll rcndin 6,''

Raving by IL sorios of dotorminations confirmod tho k c t tha t thoso discropnnoios oxistod, nnd furthor found thnt thoy woro not constnnt, but vnrinblo, wo ondonvourcd to oluoidato tho truoycnuso of thorn. It 114s of coumo porfootly ovidnnL from tho fimL thnt thoy could not ho dgo to thoetarub splytio& a i d tborbfoFo tllrrt tho7 must 110

I

I I -- Tho conl gns liguros nro on tho purifiod gns nnd tho car-

burottod wntor gtis f iyrcs on gns which hnd pnssod the sorubborn and uwhor.

Prom thoso figuros i t is obrions thnt tho difforonoo in nbsor tion is riot duo to sulphur compounds. We, howovor, tliouJit i t ndvisnblo to dotormino to whrit oxtont, if any, iodino solution is nctcd upon by vnrious substnncos known to bo prosont in illuminnting gns and which from thoir ohomicnl constitution might 110 oxpoctod to ronot with this rongont.

Efhylc~rc.--P~iro othylono whon trcntod with nn oxcws of N /lo0 iodino solution wne prncticrilly unnotod upon. With strong iotlino solution (in potnssium ioclido) i t was vory grndunlly ebsorbcd, forming othylono tli iodido, but w o k s woro roquirod to oomploto tho ronotion,

Vol. SSIS., NO. 10.3 1WSH S: JtACE~lCXl"l'tAL'l10N OF SULPHUR COMPOUNDS EROM COaL GAS. 0 6 -I -1

THEE SOCIETY OF UHEMICAL INDUSTRY. . .__

Dr. IjArANCE SHEET, 3 1 s ~ IIECEMBER. 10D. cr. E x . if. E 8 . d .

To Sundry (Ircdilorx. ............... 117.1 111 .I ,. Subaeriiitlnns rcc*eiveti 111 Iidvruieo. . 100 13 J- ,, A C C l l l l l l l l l l t e t i i ~ n u l l - Iinlniiw-31 l)cctwllcr, I008 18,016 S 11 Add-ISsccnn of Iiicornu twcr ....... l~s~~et i t l i turc , 1000 1002 7 10

isy Siiudry I)cl)tow ~ I ' u b ~ i s ~ i c ~ s . BC.) ,, Arreurs of Yubscriptlotis irceeivcci

Jiinunry nntl Vcbrnnry, 1010) ....................

On I)cnonit ............... ,, CIlSll flt Ihitik-

--10,707 10 0 On Cuireiit ticronnt ....... I .. CiIsii in ticinti (Scereiriry) ........

E17,SJO 0 6

E 6. d . € 6. d 402 l? 1

460 0 0 h'ottinnlintn ntid Grnntlinni Cnnnl 417k Consoliclntcd 406 0 0

16,600 6 0 ' Add-

782 0 0 .h'oaSoiith\\'nlea3e (1osi),purciinncd k 1000 ............ 700 0 0

10,200 6 0

€17,640 6 6

72 10 0

700 0 0 163 10 10 20 7 0

- ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . __ -- _____ __ rlcc/!~/er~e.-'J!l~is gtis whon slinlton for 15 niinutos with

N/IOO iotlino solution sho\vod no itpprociitl~lo itltsorption. Aftor IS lioui~ tho i t ~ i i ~ i i i i L wns only oqniviilont to 52.8 gruins of sulpliurottud liytlrogon por 100 ci ih ft.., or 0.08 liar cout. by vnlunio of ncotylono, nssuining ncotylono cli-iotlitlo l o I io fortnwl.

h i m r e , curborb bi81iZphidc atid fbioplioic did not ronoL with oitlior N/10 or N/100 ioilino solutioti.

dfercnplms hiivo boon shown to ronct t~uitiitil,ctt,i~~oly with ioclinu sohition. but their itbsoiico in uriy bit1 tho most lniririto qiiirntil.ios is pcovod hy tliti ~ni i t l l uiiioiiriL of Loti11 su~I)lll,r follllrl by tliroct tlotor,nilll~tiol,~ ,Vitl, It view to (IoLorlllillillg tliu Iiittllro t11u rolictillg sul)stitlmo, gcis \\'(La ,tilssotI tll,,oll ,h vurious roll~ollt8, it,elutlitl potllssiuln ~iydrirto, NorQIiIiURon su~pliur~o ucitl tilid e&liilrio noid. By tho bwo Iorinor ~ i l l tho ronot.ing siibstnnco, i i i ld by t.ho lnttcr noiirly nll, \WE ruinovod. ]%or tho purpnsos of t,~iis os~~o~i tnon t 1.110 g i i ~ wns I ) I I I ~ ~ I ~ ~ I a~ow~y t~iroiig~t tho solocbcl i t b ~ ~ i ~ b u i i t . . Tliu iurtiirctl tlotluetion front L I ~ O H U osporiiuuiils is (,lint Lho substiuioo i n quostioli is IL hytlrociirl~oii 80 unsnturittod us to ronot onsily \vit,Ii diluto

An ittlornpt lo proouro ROIUO of this hydrooiirbon (~iiisod with otliois) WLII miido by pnsxing g i i ~ tlirougli tubos surrountlod by it frooxing niistum, bub \~it.lioiiL YIICCOYE. Rosort \vns tlloroforo ~ i n t ~ to tlio forinittion of broiniiio o o r n ~ ~ o u n ~ l ~ it1 Llio followiiig niniinor :-~.'nrtiiiIly purificd rs, froin whioli inosb of 1110 H I I I ~ I I I I ~ O L ~ O ~ Iiytlrogoii hiid . 0011 ro~novod, \\'us ~ I I I F I H ~ ~ into broiniiiu clovurod \villi wcrtor uutil d l tilo broiniiiu \WE dooolorisod,

iotliiio ~olulioii in tho oold.

873 .18 4 ,, I t ivextmcnl~: CIS lnst yenr- E x . a.

4470 8 2 Xelropolitnn 3% .

1000 0 0 h'ew Zcnlnntl 3% Cotisolldntetl.. .... 4103 2 1

. . . . . . . . .

Tho oily liquid producotl \ W E washed with dilute sodium onrboniLto solution, thon with wntor nnd firinlly driod OVOP onloiuni clilorido. Tho first 50 c.c. obtninotl in this mnnnor woro fructionntocl undor nlmosphorio prossnro buL somo tloconil~osition undoubtctlly took plnco. Tho prinoipnl Irnction guso on nnnlysis tho following roault :- , Yrnctlon .............................. 110-120° C.

Cnrbon ................................ 3p.44 IIyciroCcn ............................ . I45 I5roniinc .............................. 05.00

Per cent.

from \vhicli no tlofiiiito conclusions cnn bo drawn.

WIH frnct~ioiintod undor rodiicod prossuro (irbout 200 nim.1 A f l l r ' l~r q1lailtity of '"10 0'' ill ~111osliol1 (200 o . o ~ ~ B . )

gives L1'O rosulte ___--I obtiii'lod. ---

TtY1l* C. 1 ci:, 1 16*:'C. 1 ::I1%? 1 %t. I \:$&.

"'lt1 ''lo tnblu -

l'rca. €411. gr. 1Lofmctirc Uroinlnc 3lnlc-

.. . . ................. -- . -. . .

1.6083R 1.51632 . 06*04 204.6

08=7(1 . . 230 80-84 .. 210 R7-RO .. 100 1.780 1.62388 72.2 1834 01 - - O G . , 100 1.8~3 1.62172 70-01 207.2, oo=oo ., zoo 1,051 1.e3030 1 ; 17;:; 1 206.:)

* ~ ~ L ~ ~ ~ : 100 1.000 1.6332l 70.88 511.2 1Rfl 1.881 1*53121 70.0 201.0

108- MI 100 1.060 1.63432 86.1 2 1 4 4

Tntnl broiiilric belorc lrnctio~~nti~~ti= 7Y -23 per cent, . . Curlus. t Llniu, t Direct Iliimu.

r 2

486

1231 600

1081

1600

4 8

0 10 0 0

13 4

0 0

870

422 1031

607

000

0 0

3 1 16 4

0 0

6 0

eiice ............ 1187 1 0 I 1500 0 0 Greiii Eastern Rlv. 4% lrredceninlfic 1028 14 5

073 0 0 South Enstern Rly. 41"/0 Preferencc . . 717 0 7

1000 0 0 Metropoiltnn \Vntcr nonrd 3% Deben- turcs ........... 022 10 0

200 0 0 Nottlnnlinni Joint Stntioii 3% ..... 100 o o 6% Dunrnnbed .. 1702 10 0

3% Debentures .. 000 0 0

1260 0 0 Qrcnt Western Rly.

800 0 0 Grcnt Xortlierri Rlg.

GO6 ’ ROSS & RACE-ESTRACXION OF SULPHUR COBWOUNDS FROB1 COAT, GAS. [Jhy 31.1810.

l’cr ccnt. 2.40 0.16 1.05 0.40 0.00 2.8i 0.00

Tlic broniinc wns dctcriuincd in a senlcd tubc by tho nictliod of Cnrius. In tlic cnsc of tlic fifth frnction an im- )ossiblc msiilt wns obtnincd niid in ndditioii to silvcr

troinitlc it ccusitlornl)lc (loposit of nictnllic silrcr wns obscrvcd. A rcpctitioii conliriiicd t l l i result. Tlic bro- iniric in this frnctioii wns tlioreforc dctnriiiinccl with limo, wlicn norinnl rcsults mrc obtnincd. , C~clo-penlndictie.-Tllc fifth frnctioii hcntcd in n scnlcd tubc for 0 hours to 240’ C. with 0.850 nininonin niid silver iiitrrito gnrc n doposit of silvcr niid n distiiict iiiirror ; n blniilc with nmiiionin and silver nitrnto gnrc no rotliictioii. Tlic oiily substnncc with which \vc nrc ncquniiitcd ivliich would bo likcly to bc Iiruscnt aiid wliicli wo~ild giro thcso rcnctiotis is cyclo-pcntndicnc.

l’or CCllt. 2.61 0.20 1-40 U.92 0.60 2-03

This siibstoiicc wiis foulid I J ~ JRntbcr nnd Ross to be 1)rcsciit in coiisitlcmblc qiinntitics in tiic liqiiitl olitniiictl oii tlic coi~iprcssioii of oil gas, nnd it hiis nlso obtninccl froiii tlic criiclc I~cnzciic fro111 con1 tnr. (Bericlilc, 22-01(;.) Its prolinblc presciicc in illiiiiiinnting gns inny tlicreforc bc iiifcrrctl. Blnny of tlic coiiipoi~iids of cyclc pitndiciic wcrc iiirestigntctl by Tliielc (Aniinleii, 414, 200) niid for thc cis ~iiotlificntion of tlic tlilircniidc 1ic gives the slxcilic y v i t y RY l.!).W3 nt 14°--40. Tlic rcsults froiii tlic liftli rnctioii given in tlic nliore tnblc, nlthoiigli not in coin-

Iilctc ngrcciiiciit, principully as rcgnrds tlic niiiouiit of iroiiiiiic prcsciit nrc siificiciitly 80 wlieii tnkcn in con-

jiiiictioii with tlic otlicr rcsiilts obtni~ictl to coiiliriii tlic ~ireseiicc of cyclo ~~ciitudieiic.

Tlic otlici frnctioiis nru prolinbly iiiostly clibroiii-tlcrirn- t iws of Iiytlro-ccirboiis of tlic ctliyletic scrirs. l+oiii tlic residue left nftcr clistillntioii n siiinll niiioiiiit of n crystiilliiic si~bstii~ieu wiis obtninctl by cstrnction with nIcoIioI. A siifliciciit qriniitity coiiltl not 1)c olitiiined for niinlysis, . but i t iiiny possibly bc t l iu trii~is.iiiodilicntio~i of tlil)roiii- cyclopciitndieiie. 31.1’. J5°-400 C.

The first niiiniiigs of tliu light oils cl)tiiiiid 011 dislilhtioii , ~ f tho niitlirnceiie oil iised for tlic cxtrnction of nnplitlinlcnc froiii tho gns, gnvc, ~vlien prccaiitioiis Iincl been tnkcn .to reiiiovc nll trnces of siilpliiircttctl Iiytlrogcii, i t liquid wliich recliicccl wir i i i niiiiiioiiiiicnl rilvcr nit rnto freely, iiidiciitiiig tlic , Iircsciicc of cyclopciitnclicne. Anotl ic~ siibstiiiicc wliicli iiiiglit IJC I)rcseiit niid woiild rcnct with iotliiio solulioii is isoprciio. This does not., Iio\vcver, ns fur 11s we nro iiwiri:, recliicc niiiiiioiiiricnl silver iiitriito mliitioii. I t Iioilx at 37’ C., nnd its tlibroiiiitla lins n boiling , p i i i t !)U0-04’ C. nt 700 iiiiii.

Tlic forcgoiiig rcstilts iiicliciitc to d i n t estciit. tlic ioclinc -process iiiiiy I N iiscd for lhc control of tlic oliiiii~intioii .of siilpliiir iii ositlc piirificntion. ‘ Its pItWXI”o iii cnrliiirctted wstcr gns \WH wcII sliowii iiiitler the followiiig coiitliticiis of eq)criiiiciit. Tlic yns wns. pnssctl tliroiigli tolueiic Itcpt nt n wry low tciiiperiitiirc by iiicniiR of liqiiitl niiiiiioiiiii. The tohiciic \Ins tlicii plncctl iii i i tlistilliitioii llnsli coiiiicctctl with n rcccivcr niitl U tiilic cooletl to - 15’ C. On wnriiiiiig tho flnslc (prccniitioiis IJciiig tnltcii to oliiiiiiintc sulpliiirettetl hytlrogen) to nboiit

.(iOo C., n clistillntc \\wi obtnirictl which wlicn wiiriiietl wit Ii :ciiiiriioiiincnI Hilvci. iiitrnto strongly rctliiccti i t with t ~ i u foriiintioii of a silvcr iiiirror.

Littic ~ ) i , ’ ~ ; ~ ~ ~ , ~ i ~ , i . - ~ ~ I i c cstrnctioii of s i i~p~ii ir 1iy tlic osirlu piirifitw Iroccct~H nccortliiig to our oli.qerviitioiis quite iioriiinlly, stiowing i i griitiuii1 clccrcnso iii tlio iiiiioiiiit, of Hii l l i l i i i r tnlicii i q i froill c o ~ i i ~ ~ ~ c ~ i c t ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ i i t to Iini~Ii, providiy tliiit 1,hcro is 110 cliiiiigo iii triiipcwitiirc dut. to uxti!riid; ciiiiscs.. Liiiio ~iilrificritioii 1 is by iio iiicniis EO rcgiiliir iii its tictioil, bciiig iiioru iillcctrd I)y the coiiii~ositioii df t,ho p ~ i ~ c s Iinssiiig tliroiigli niitl iilnii coiisitlrriibly Iiy tho aiii,oiiiit ‘of, iiioistiirc ~ircse~”L.

Dnily tests \vcro iiiiitlc i iL tho h i e ~iiirificrs of 1110 I3iiriilcy Corlmriitioii G i i ~ Works for ciirboii cliositlu iiiitl siilpliiircttcd Iiytlrogoii diiriiig n pied of 1 Iirco iiioiiths, iiiid tho slicnt I i l l lC flolll Wluh bOS.WI1~ H I I b S ~ ( ~ I I C I 1 ~ I J ’ N I 1 l l l ~ ) ~ l ’ d Illid llllii!y6c(~, Ttlo (Il1JIC‘H C S ~ l ~ O A ~ i l l g tl lcHC I’~’?l l l l tP \ \ .o l l l t l IK!C!ll~iy too i i i i ic]l spnt:~, hi t litiiiic typiciil ciiiiilgr;cx of qiciit liiiic iiiriy iint. 110 witlioiit. iiitt+icHt, I l ~ ~ ~ l O 1 1 ~ ~ 1 \w wivv qiiito i ~ n i i I i I o to tIc!riyu

,

niiy defiiiitc inforinntion. 011 thc tlicory of liiiic ~iiirificirtion froiii the rcsiilts olitniiicd 1111 to this p i l i t .

1 . 1 1 2 1 3 1 . L I 5 -.

Sullillllr by ~ J ~ O l l l ~ l l O . . . . Siilpliiir ns SO5 .......... Siiliiliur ns CSS _. . . . . . . Siiliriiiir ns siilpliiile ( 1 ) . . l+m 8iilpliur . . . . . . . . . . . . Sulliliiir by snirtlirilc . . . . Sulpliiir by Cnrlus . . . . . .

Per cent. 2.31 n.10 0.84

.0.:!0 1.20 2.48 2.53

Per cent. 4.21 0.15

0.48 0.44 2.57 2.65

n.02

I’cr I!Cllt. 2.24 0.10 1-04 0.1u 0.4 1 “54

- ’ -1) -1.-

XI1 tlicse liiiics wrre tliorouglily s~iciit, iii)d did not miitniii niiy frcc’ liiiic. Tlic niiioiint of ciilciiini cnrboiintc vniicd froiii ti9 per cciit. l o 70 pcr cciit.

Liiiic piirificnticii is, owing to tlic iiuiiilicr of rcncliiig piscs Iiresciit niitl 1 heir variations iii niiioiint, nccessnrily coiiiplcs. lhltcrlicltl (Tlic Cheiiiistry of Gns 3liiniifnctiirc) siigpcstecl 1 lint tlic rcnctioiis iiivolvcd iiiiglit IJC I m t . iiiiclcrstootl frniii it stiitly of tlic nctiriii of cnch gn8 iiitli- ritliinlly.

This siipgrstioii we Iisvc in sonic iiicnsiirc ntlciiipted to cnrry oiit. A certniii niiiouiit of \vorli in this direction lins nlrencly Iircii cnrried out esliecinlly by 1)ivcrr niid Rhiiiiiclzii (J.C.S., 18S4. I). 270) niitl Vt.lcy (J.C.S., 1885, 11. 478) who iiiiitle n cnrcfiil ntiicly of tho coiiipoiiiitl~ pro- tliioctl Iiy tlic action of siiI~iliiirettctl liytlrogt*ii on cnlciuni Iiyclrouitle. Tho iiiniii poiiits of tlicir cspcriiiieiils iiiny be siiiiiiiinrisctl i iq follows :-

( I ) By tlic nctioii of siilpliiircttctl Iiytllogcii 011 cnlciuin Iivclrositlo iii tlio cold wit I i iicnrly tlircc pnrts of wntcr, &(SH),UH,O is foriiictl which is c~ccoiiiposct~ on wnriiiiiig crcii i i i nii atiiiosplicrc of siill)liurettccl Iiyclrogcii.

(2) ai(Sli)(OIi) is obtniiicil wlicii inorc wntcr is ntldcd. (3) CnS is foriiictl wlicii siilpliurcttccl liytlropcii is piisp.ccl

over Iit~ntctl cnlciiiiii hydroxide, iuid is soliil)lc in sntcr, fiiriiiiiig Cn!SII)(OH). (4) Sulpliiir rciict9 with Cn(SH)(OH) to foriii lioly-

siilpliides which tlrcoiiiposo i n t he I)rcsciicc of osygcii to foriii tliiosiilplintw.

( 5 ) Uirboii bisiilpliitlc ]ins iio action on cnlciiiiii sill- pliitlc.

I~ollowiiig tlicso liiuiq we Iinvc, iisiiig coiiiiiicrciiil liiiic, rcpcntcd soiiic of t lie nlrovc ospcriiiieiits.

l h p sulpliiircttcd Iiydrogeii w n s pssctl tliroiiyli prwipi- tntctl cnlciiiiii Iiydriite siis~iciiiletl i i i irboiit foiir p r t s of witcr niid iiiniiitninctl lit ii ttmporaturu of 40’ C. till no fiirtlicr increase iii wiglit was t~liserved. l’rccniitioiis \vcro of coiirsc trilicii to ~ircve~it loss of iiioistiirc in tliis niitl i i i nll siibsctliieiit cspcriiiiciils. h ~xrcci i tr i~o iiicrciisn iii wiglit of :jtj*d, ciilcirlntctl 0 1 1 tlie ninoiint, of cnlciiiiii Iiyclrnte tiiltcn, wns obtniiictl. !l’lit.ory for CIi(S€l)(OH) woiiltl rcqiiirc 46.8 pcr cent. Cnrlioii bisiilpliitlc wis tlioii pii~scd tliroiigli tlio iiliorc iiiitil iin fiirllicr incrccisc i n \\wight wns obtniiicd. !l’Ilc iii~ioiiiit tnkoii i i p wns cqiii\.nlciit to 24.4 ~ icr cctiit. of t Iio cnloiiiiii hydrositlo origiiiiilly tnkcn. Niiiing tlic pnsscige of ctirl)oii 4isiil iliiilc soiiie siil~iliiircttctl Iiydrogcii wns C\VJl\‘ctI. ~ l i u solit1 niitl ~iqiii t~ reiiiiiiiiiiig i i i tlic L I I ho wcrc sc~iiirntetl iiiid nniilgsctl with tl ie following rcslllts :-

- ___ ~. ._ .... .. . --__- ---. ___ wcrc iib~orbcd Iiy this eoliilion, r ind iissiiiiiiiig tlint. i t w:is ; i l l converted to n Iinsic thiocnrlioiiiitc, on(? woiiltl csl!cct to get citlicr 2.33 grins. or 3.74 prnw., occording to 1~1n:h of the two following i s f o r t i d

Cn(OlI),,2CiiCS3 or 2Cii(OZ[)~,Cn~Ss Tlic:xu cain~ioiintle nrc ~ i r a l ~ n l ~ l y fornicd according to

onc of tlic following cqiiiitions :-

l'roni ccliinl.ioii 1 it follow tlint 3.8 grmr. of Cn(SII)(OH) or its crluivalcnt of Ci~(S1-1)~ slioiiltl nbsorli l*O(i crIns. nf ciirIiori iiisiiIpIiitIc. Froni cqiiirtioii 2, grrns: sIioiiItI IIC nl)sorbcc!. Tlic rcsiilts obtninctl nrc tlicrcforo in iiccordiincc with t lie first cqiint ion, licing cnly w r y sliplit ly loiscr tlinri tlic tlicory.

i n which t lie nnioiiiit of wntcr ~ircsctit. \villi t hi! rnlciiiin Iiytlr:it ti w i i q vnricd. TIicg niny lie siilnlnnrieed ns nntlcr, the rcs~ilts 'bciitg c~s~trcsscc'l ns I)crcciitngc iricrecircs cn tlic wciglit of ciilciiirii Iiytlriitc tiilccn.

,. l l ircc soino\\~lint siniiliir cspcriniciits wcrc condiictcrl,

, . - - -- . .-____ -__- Y I I I ~ I I I I ~ . Altlioiigh this ninoiint i i t firsL eight ~cci i i s vcry B J I I ~ I I its influciicc niay not be witlioiit:si&iiilictIiicd. for if tlic action of cnrbon clioxidc on tho'sulpliitlcs ,wcrc not to sonic CXtCJlt ~~vcr s i l~ l c , nonc of tlicsc coiilcl be foiiiitl

I n concln:iion wc Iicg to nc l~no~~lcdgc tlio nsriitrtiiiicc rciidcrctl by Ah.. Friiiik Blaiidslcy, u.sc., p.1.c.

in tho s p i t linic. . 1

I)lscnssIos. Tlic C11,i1ti>14\s did noL considcr tlic qiicstion of tlic

pirrificntiori of gns hy lirnc lint1 bccn dcnk with iis fully ns i t slionld linvc bccn i n tlic pnst. I n gus \vorl<s tliu niclliod wiis lngely om of rule of tliiinib. Hc tlioiiglit t,lic process of piirificntion by liiiic \vns tloonied, an nccciint of its grcntcr ,cs~~cnsc nntl I~ecni~sc tho question of fii~lpliiir coinpounds in gns wns not now so iinportnnt owing to the iisc of the incnnilcsccnt burner. IIc, Iiimsclf, lint1 obtnincd very good results in cliniinirting siilpliiir co~i i~~oi inds 1)) passing $3 tliroiigli nnilinc, tlic Pippig ant1 Trncliinann

roccys, tlioiigli this nlso wns too cspcnnivc n nictliod. fjritli rcgnrd to piirificntion t)y osidc, tlic nppnrntiis nicntioiictl WIH onc hc Iind ficcn used. in l'liilntlclplii~~. It \vns it sninll nppnrntirs, anti tliough, pcrlinp~, not. giving strictly ncciiriitc but only conipnrntiw rceiilte, i t ivns .siiflicicntly ~iiiiplc to put in tlic linnds of n ninn wlio lint1 no clicniiciil I~no\c.lctlgc, niid could lic used by an intclligcnt purifier forciiinn. Tlic principle of tlic nppnrnliis consisted in titrntirig 100 C.C. of gns \villi a stiintlartl solution of iotliiic iintil tlic blnc stnrcli colour \vns ol)tiiinctl. lic tlitl not tliiiik purifiers w r c tcstcd 80 niiiali ns tlicy shoiiltl be. T h y wcrc frcqucntly droplied \vlicn they wcro still worlting \villi iis iiiiicli ns SO per cent. of tlicir cficicncy, bccausc of srnnll t races of sulphiirct tcd Iiyclrogcn p s ~ i n g out o i tlic InsL box.

Dr. CII.IIEILT I~OWLEIL wid it occiirrctl to liini, \vlicn Dr. ROSY wns dcscribing tho iotlinc nict Iiod for rlctcrriiiniiig ~ulpliurcttcd Iiyclrogcn in tlic gns, ivlictlicr better rcrults coiild not, be obtnincd by tlic niet l iot l wliiclt ivns iiecd for for tlctcrniining siunll quiintit.ics .of siilpliiir in tit ccl, \vlicrc n serics of dilute stiindnrd solutions of lend ncctntc \vns usod. I t wns foiiiid that, onc of tlic solutions I)cciiinc sntiirntcd with lent1 siilpliidc Iwforc nnotlicr o m Iircanic tlecoloriscd, nnd coiiscqucntly by rcnding off the iiiiiiilicr of tiilics which were blncltencd, or

l~ytlrogcn could Lo obtiiincil. He cnquircil \vlictlicr the Iiytlrociirl)on inciitioiicd ~ s c ~ s c t l explo~iru prolicrtics owing 1 0 cycloliaiitndicnc cing 11rcsent.

Jlr. I~JL'XLISY riyrcctl with tlic Clinirninii tlint iurilicrs s l io i i~t~ rcccive grcnter nttcmtion t ~ i i i i i wns iisr1n1i.y giwn t~llCUI.

A I ~ . 1:. 8. HIH'NITT inquired if tI ic nuthots of the p p c r Iiiitl fount1 iiny conipounrls of fcrric 115 tlrntc sirnihir in conipositioii to Iiytlrosy-sitlpliydrntcs of cnlciiini. It WRS possible tlint t Iic oxide 1iiii~iIirr ulpn rcniowd cnrl~oii biuiilphidc. with the forinnt ion of con~poiintln Finiilur to the limc coinpouiids.

fib. lt,\ci<, in reply, ngrccd with tlic Clinirninn tliiit tho rcniovnl of triilpliiir conipoitnds, other tliiiii siilpliurot 1 ctl 11~drogc11, \NIB tinL so iinportnnt. 11s formerly, on U~COIIIIL of thc sninllcr qiintititg of gns usccl 11y incnndcaccnt

I)isulpliitlt! ~trcricnt iiiiglit wry i i p t o 115 or 20 griiitis 1lC' I00 cubio fccl. Tlicrc ivns no rcnson It1 S I I ~ J I ~ S O 1liiiL ciirl)urettctl water giis contnincd iiny, En t l in t ,in niosl w~rlts wlictc II rcnsoniil~lc ~icrccntiigo of \vntcr giw \WH iiscci ( i i p t o L'B or pcr cent.) tho nnioiint \roi~ltl l.0 IctIricctI to iin nliiiost. ncgIipibIc qiiiiiitity. With rrgnrtl to tho coiistiint for tlic osidu Iinrificr for coiil gllS. i f 15 grniiis \vcro sii1)trirctetl froin nll l't!ndiIlgH. ~CEI I I~S W O I I I ~ LO obtiiiiicd which woiiltl bu osiict ciioiigh for iill ~iriicticiil

For crirl~iirc~tctl wtrtcr giis tho test, i w s vnlnc- Ices. ~ ~ i c prcsciit; tcndcncy w i u to p f i H t ~ i c rciil giis tlirough oxitit! purifiers w i t h i t linic, , nntl t o NIP^ thc ciirburctt ctl wiitei. g i ~ , which coiitciincd ii niiic I I Iii&r 1:orccntngc of enrbonic n c d , throiigli limo piirifitr,tr only. Tliu sniiill iinioiint of ~iilphiirct t r i l Iigtlrogcn wliidi WIII p r c ~ i i t ~ in th is giis woiiltl Iw ri~ii io\~cil by t lie linio, iinlces workcd lo i t e f i i l l cnrboiiii1,ing 1:0\vcr. , "Jlio CIiiiiriiiuIt

bllrllCrH. 111 tho CilfiC Of Con1 gflS 1110 ~llll~llllt Of CllrbOll

)iirIiowH.

I

had rcfcrrcd t o tho prncticc of cnginccrs nnd ninnngcrs taking off tho first tnkcr of oxide purifiers,when the scCOnd tnkcr just commenced to show tlnlphurcttcd hyrlroge1i by tho lend p p c r tcst. Tlicre wns mother point to bc taken iuto nccount. Whcn the sceond lnkcr comnicncccl to show sulpliurcttcd hydrogen tho first takcr rnpitlly sl~owcd nn incrcnsc in prcsserc. A box 900 sq. It. in nrcn niid passing two million cubic fect per dny gnvc OIIC inch of bnck ]ircssi~rc wlien in g O O d working contiit ion, but when sulpliurcttcd liydrogcti wns pnssing the second tnkcr. llircc nnd fow nnil somctimcs ns inucli 11s ninu incllcs of bnck pressure wcrc obtnincd.

I n rcply to Dr. Fowlcr, the coloriiiictiic test. for sul- pliurcttcd hydrogen in con1 gns was very old, bl l t lend sucrntc wns uscd instcnd of tlic siigpcatctl lend ncctnte solution. The gos wns pnssed into tlie solillion unt i l 11 stnndnrd tint wns obtnincd. Hnrcoiirt 's cnrliorl bisiilpliidc tcst wns on tho sninc lines, pltrtiriiscd nsbcstos Ilcnted to .LOOo I.". h i n g used to rcdocc the cnrlioii liisiilpliiile. . It \vns certnin tlint cyclopcntndicnc wns csplosive, but, such n gas ns tlint obtniiicd from the compression of oil . gas would contitin iiinny other Iiytlrocnrlions whicll were nlso explosive.

Mr. RACE statctl t l in t tlioy Iind not ilircstigiitetl tlie point rniscd by A h . Sinnntt, but tlint fcrric sulphytlrntcs wcrc probnbly fornied in the snnic way ns those of cnlciuiii and thnt these \vould rcnct witli cnrbon bisulphitle, tlins nccoiinting for tho slig!it loss of cnrboii 1)isiiIpIiide iiimrinlily found in ositle Iiurificnt ion.

Tho nutliors tlicii described in clctnil tin nppurntiis for 1110 estiiiintion of carbonic acid in air or glIS, nntl wit11 which tlicy hnd iiindc sonic t Iioiisiinds of nnnlyses wliilst inrestignting the nir in tlic schools of Biiriilcy ; the chief constitucnt of tlic nppnrntiia \PILY n self- filling pipette.

Yorkshire Section.

rolntilisntioii of sodn in quniility also occurrod, amounting to nbout linlf that originidly prcueiit in tho long pcriotl henting. 111 tlint llcnting iignin, tho fcel~lencss of aluminn ns zin acid ill tliis combiiintioii was evitlcnt from tho presu~icu of 16.3 licr ccnt. of S U I ~ J I I U ~ triositlo, nbsorbeil from tlic furiiricu gnscs. Tliu niising througllout. \IUY

only Hliglltly cohorcnt.; thcre wna no fusion. Thc sods wouid fwc ilt %Oo nnd tllo ludt Would dry U l J I l Y the much ICYS fusiblo duminntos formed.

Sodu, littie aid ailiui.--7.'he triple ositle misturu csnmiiietl WIY Na,O+CnO+ IOSiO, m i l it wns mule up ns Kn,CO,+CaCO,+ IOSiO:!. Iici~tctl nnd 0x1 ructctl The nnnlysos nre collectctl in Tnblu SIV. nntl Curves 0, 7, and 8. displny p p l i i c d l y Llio priiicipirl rcsuh for this nntl following triplo-osidu inislurw.

Pollowilig tho couiau of iiilcrnctioii from Tirblc XIV. : nt 8000 c. IL littic soluble silientu lind formed but sonic of tlio liinc, and ncnrly linlf the sotln, lincl becon~u insolublo, indicating at this vory cnrly stttgo tho commencing forinn- tion of nii iiisolublu silicnle ~niiss contniriing soda nnil liiiio ; tho inking \viis Iinrduiiotl. AYC tho tcniliornturo rose, the so lu lh yilieii did not incrcnse, Init runinined lit. iiboiit tliu sniiiu figuru tliror~gllout ; tlic limo nnd soda, hvcvur , rn iitlly bccit~nu insoltlblct ; trt. 1OOO" only one- sistli or t,lio liniu, i i n t ~ oiic-t\r'ent.iutli of tlie sotin roinnincd solublu, nnil ct 1150'' thcsu ~ v u r t ~ ruduccd to tlic small proportions of 0.1 per ccnt. liine, niid 0.2 IJW cunt.. sodn, with tliu niiiss in stony fusion nnd Iionuyconibcd. Heding further to lBOOo uiniltr lit.tlu diflerencu. Tlic long poriotl liontirig \virs nlso trliiiost coiiiplutuly insoliible ; i t contnincd more soluble liinu tliitn t Iiu sliort puriotl liciitings from

into sulplinto in tlio enrfy stngu of tliu burn by tlie fumtco gnscs, nnd tho formation of xiliccitu froiii tliirt C O I i i ~ J O i l n d wns slowor than froin limo or the cnrbonntu. Thcro wns no sulphur triosido loft in tho hunting rtt the ond of the burn.

1150' II1I\ViL~dH, ]JrObl lb~ ' bCCiluSU 8Ol l lC Of iL \ V I U COll\'Crk!d

doublc-osidu inisings, Sn,O+ IOSiO, niid CnO+lOSiO,. Tlic mising, Nn..O+Ou0~10SiO,, iiiiry be rcgnrdod as formed by tho iiddition of nny one of tliu ositlus to tho doiiblu osirlc niising of thu otliur two. Tlic introduction of sodn to thu niising, UtO+lOSiO,, cnuscil tlie liiiiu, ovon tit. thu lo\ver tuiiipiwhnw of lxmtiiig, to bucuino pnrtinlly insolriblo, nntl nt. the liiglicw t ~ l I i l J C l f l ~ U I ' u Y c o w plutely so, whorcns i n CiiO-I- IOSiO, it \vns coniplotoly solublo throughout. The ~oluble silica nt tho hi h r t o m p r n t u r ~ s wns nlso c~iiiiincitui~, niici tho miss ns n wtio~u WOY runtlurcd iiiucli iiioru fusiblo. Tho liniu wns Iirouglit into conibiiintion \vi l l i tlie niiitls of silica (rind sotln), \vliorciis i n CnO+ 1OSi0, tlie elieiniccil iinioii of liniu a i d silici\ Iind been restricted to t l iu sinnI1 proportioiis roliruscntotl by tliu non-residtiiiit coinpoiiiid, CnO.SiOl, t l iu I I I I I ~ S of the silicri lioing loft frco (this J.. 1910, l'irrl, I I . , 254). 'l'liirt tho ntlilit,ioii of so soliible nn ositle 11s ~otltt should Iiu tl io ineitiis oF iinptrting tliti cliinlit,y of high insolubility is rntlier C I I ~ I O I I H .

Addition of h i u rl~tercd tho ~ i r , O - } - ~ ~ ~ i o 2 rcslilts in n ~ignificniit I U I L I I I I ~ P Iiy stopping the convuiaioii of sodu into tho Holublu silicntc, Nit20.4SiOD. rrntl substituting tho forniirtion of nn insolulilu coinpourid of l ina arid soda wit,li d i c a ; tliu fusiliilit y ,uw olsu iiiereitsctl.

'I'lie Xn,CO,+CiiCO, uiisluro wis runtlerutl rosistnirt to iiciil cittiiclc iti it l iioii-vdittile by t,lio iiitlotluction of silica. No conilinrison but\vuun Nir,O-~CiiOfAl,O, ni i i l h'n,OfCiiOf-JOSiO, is nccwsnry.

Tliu proportius of t l iu triplu-ositlo niising (Itoutud) w r u so tlillurcnt. from ~ I I O H I J of irny tloiiblii-oxide iiiising, or froni niiy trrurngo Iiroliurly of iloulilu-ositlu iiiisingn i tnt l oxides, tliirt tlie forintition of 11 triplu-osidu coni~iouiid of soiln, linio, i i i i t l silicii, WIIH stwngly HllifgUk4htl, IL cuiu- powit1 wit 11 1111 t1io IiriiIitwLiuH 01 11 g~nw or &.o wit11 wiiieh this study is coiicornutl, via., non-volirLiliLy itlid futlibility wlieii hot, nntl resistiincti to irciil wlioii coltl.

Ihirtlior oviiluiicti WIIM olitnintitl liy Iwtrtiiig n niistiiru d t,liu foriiiiiln, NIL,SO.,-}-UI~O,~- IOSiO,, in t i ourrunt. of dry iiir (11s iilrontly tlusoriIJtd, l'iirt 1.) to dulorrniiiu tku t w p r n t , u r t i of ovoliitioii Hiilpliiir ositlus ; tluLt. tail\- Iiorittiiru \viis rolll lt i to 110 O:IO-WOU C. ' t ~ i u tonipurttturus