The EURELECTRIC Energy Wisdom Programme (EWP): Improving Energy Efficiency Reducing Carbon Emissions Meeting the 2050 Challenges

8/2/2019 The EURELECTRIC Energy Wisdom Programme (EWP): Improving Energy Efficiency Reducing Carbon Emissions Me

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2012-2013

edition

Energy WisdomProgrammeImproving Energy Efciency

Reducing Carbon EmissionsMeeting the 2050 Challenges


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REPORT AUTHORS

Project Management:Nicola REGA (Advisor Environment & Sustainable Development Policy Unit EURELECTR IC Secretariat)

Project Coordination: Ins REULET

This report was carried out with the contribution of the EWP contact persons in each participating company:

Alliander (NL) Hans NOOTER, Senior Consultant CSR DEI SA (GR) Labrini PATMANIDOU, Strategy Department / Head of section, Environmental branch Electricity Authority of Cyprus (CY) Charalambos MENELAOU, Assistant Generation Manager Energias de Portugal (PT) Pedro PAES, Sustainability and Environmental Ofce

Endesa (ES) David CORREGIDOR, Deputy Director of Environmental and Climate Change Department E.ON (DE) Nicole HENKEL, Political Af fairs and Corporate Communications ESB (IE) Tony CARROLL, ESB Sustainability Manager ewzElektrizittswerk der Stadt Zrich (CH) Gian CARLE, Head of Renewable Energy Trading Fortum (FI) Kari K ANKA ANP, Sustainability Manager, Climate and Environmental Affairs Gas Natural Fenosa (ES) Amado GIL MARTINE Z, Environmental Department / Carbon Management Helsingin Energia (FI) Rauno TOLONEN, Customer Service and Communications / Energy Efciency Manager Iberdrola (ES) Monica OVIEDO CESPEDES, Environmental Stakeholders and Climate Change Head Department PGE SA (PL) Miroslaw NIEWIADOMSKI, Environmental Protection Department Director SWMStadtwerke Mnchen (DE) Beatrix WIDMER, M anager Energy Policy VERBUND AG (AT) Jan CUPAL, Innovation, Research & Development / Sr. Innovation Manager, Coordinator for Environment

and Climate Change Wien Energie, Elisa SCHENNER, Public Affairs

We thank all companies and individual experts for their contribution.


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ENERGY WISDOM PROGR AMME 2012-2013 Edition 1

Energy efciency will play a fundamental role in attaining

a secure, competitive and sustainable energy future.

Initiatives such as the Sixth Energy Wisdom Programme

represent an excellent contribution to addressing our

energy and climate challenges. I appreciate EURELECTRICs

continued commitment to act as a solid bridge between EU

political priorities and local innovative solutions to bring

more efcient low-carbon energy to our economy.

Our future energy system needs such best practices and

I encourage EURELECTRICs members to continue sending

such positive signals.

GNTHER H. OETTINGER

European Commissioner for Energy


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Contents

FOREWORD 5

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 9

2. InnOVATIVE PROjECTS 13

On the supply side

2.1. Windoat Development Of Innovative Technology ForOffshore Wid Ex ploratio 142.2. Joint Venture Wid Oshore Activities In Europe And Beyond 152.3. Solar Eergy: Megalopolis PV Project 162.4. Biomass Power Plant in Vienna 172.5. Combied Cycle Gas Turbie (CCGT) Unit 5 182.6. Research Project On CO

2Capture in La Pereda 19

2.7. Less CO2

Project (CCS) 20

2.8. Fuel SwitchigBaleares 212.9. E.ON Pilot Programme PowerTo Gas 222.10. Schlieren District Heatig 232.11. Joensuu CHP-Pyrolasis Project 242.12. Szczecin CHP-Biomass 252.13. Improving Energy Efciency ofA Combied Cycle Power P lat 262.14. Belchatow Power Plant: New Low GHG Emissions Fossil-Fuel 858 MW Unit 27

On the demand side

2.15. Smart Grid Implementation in Amsterdam 282.16. St ar Project : Smart MeterigAnd Network Automation Programme 292.17. Area-Based Retroft Energy Efciency 302.18. Energy Efciency Lighteig System in Storage Buildings and Production Halls 312.19. Gree BuildigEnergy Efciency 322.20. 3E-Houses Project Energy Efciency 332.21. Verbund Smarthome 342.22. Worlds Most Energy Efcient Cloud Computig 352.23. Energy Savig Fuds and Energy Efciency Bous 362.24. E-Carin Ireland: Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure 37

3. PARTICIPATInG COMPAnIES 393.1. Alliander n.v. 403.2. DEI Dimossia Epichrissi Illectr ismou 413.3. EAC Electricity Authority of Cyprus 423.4. EDP Energias de Port ugal 433.6. ENDESA 443.7. E.ON 453.8. ESB Electricity Supply Board 46

3.9. ewz Elektr izitts werk der Stadt Zrich 473.10. Fortum 483.11. Gas Natural Fenosa 493.12. Helsingin Energia 503.13. IBERDROLA 513.14. PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna S.A. 523.15. SWM Stadtwerke Mnchen GmbH 533.16. VERBUND AG 543.17. Wien Energie 55

4. PROjECT FEATURES 57 4.1. Overview 58

4.2. Project Methodology 584.3. Project Eligibility 594.4. Project Results 59

4.5. Projects Abroad 624.6. Project Benets 634.7. Project Barriers 634.8. Future investments 63


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Foreword

Climate change is one of the major challenges the European Union is facing today. Yet this challengealso represents an opportunity for our industry to undertake appropriate action towards achieving

major technological improvements.

The electricity industr y is strongly committed to delivering carbon-neutral electricity by mid-century,as expressed by sixty -one Chief Executives of European electricity companies in 2009 and supported

by EURELECTR ICs Power Choices study in 2010.

However, the transformation of the energy sector towards a more efcient, low-carbon power supply

will require signicant investment in Europes grid and generation infrastructure. It is therefore

fundamental that the EU provides sound energy and climate policies that are able to promoteinvestments in R&D and innovation a key driver to Europes future competitiveness.

Within this context, the Energy Wisdom Programme (EWP) is an important framework to present the

wide range of activities in which our sector is engaged. Launched in 1998, the programme showspositive examples of electricity companies innovative solutions to reducing carbon emissions andenhancing energy efciency across the whole value chain from electricity generation, transmission

and distribution to end-use energy efciency. The resulting environmental, economic and social

benets could have great potential for pan-European replication.

The EWP has continuously improved its environmental performance: since it was established

electricity companies have saved over 730 Mt CO2

eq. in more than 600 projects across Europe. This6th edition of the EWP report sets out the results for the reporting cycle 2010 to 2011. During thisperiod, over 150 projects have been reported by 16 companies. Thanks to those projects, companies

have reduced approximately 99 Mt CO2

eq. and saved over 24 Mtoe in primary fuel. In addition to CO2

emissions reductions and energy savings, other major co-benets arise from the reported projects:

air quality improvements, waste reduction and increased employment.

EURELECTRIC thus calls for a strong cooperation between EU policymakers and industry stakeholdersto reduce substantial barriers that prevented faster development of climate friendly projects, such aslengthy authorisation procedures and a lack of public acceptance. An investment friendly environment

has to be created through the denition of a predictable and transparent regulatory framework in

addition to a well-functioning European electricity market.

The Commissions recognition that EURELEC TRIC can play a role in promoting and spreading innovative

projects is illustrated by the introductory words of EU Energy Commissioner Gnther Oettinger.I sincerely appreciate those encouraging words and look forward to maintaining the good relationshipbetween EUR ELECTRIC and the European Commission.

I would also like to congratulate the 16 companies that took part in this 6th edition of the EnergyWisdom Programme for their achievements and effor ts towards reaching carbon-neutrality by 2050.I encourage them to continue this good work in the future and hereby invite other electricity companies

to join us in the next edition of the EWP report, to be published in 2014.

Fulvio Conti

PresidentUnion of the Electricity Industry EURELECTRIC


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Membership 2012-2013


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1Executive Summary

9ENERGY WISDOM PROGRA MME 2012-2013 Edition


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What is the EWP?

Since 1998, the Energy Wisdom Programme (EWP) has provideda platform for electricity companies to demonstrate how theyare improving energy efciency and reducing greenhouse gas

(GHG) emissions through innovative projects across Europe.

In the context of the EUs 2020 energy-climate objectives andthe industrys goal of moving towards a carbon-neutral power

supply by 2050, this voluntary initiative is the ideal place forelectricity companies to demonstrate how they are tacklingthe challenges ahead. It also encourages the dissemination of

best practices.

Each EWP reporting cycle covers two years. This sixth edition ofthe EWP particularly highlights how electricity companies are

helping to reduce CO2 emissions and enhance energy efciencybeyond the power sector in transport, industry, buildings andconsumer behaviour.

However the EWP is much more than a report. The dedicatedwebsite ww w.eurelectric.org/ewp provides an interactive mapwith details of all projects reported in this edition.

How does the EWP work?

The EWP establishes a reporting and monitoring system that

evaluates and documents the environmental performance ofthe reported projects. The method measures energy efciency

and GHG emissions reductions for each of the projects. The

savings are then aggregated in order to provide a global gure.

In this sixth reporting cycle, sixteen participating companiesfrom eleven European countries repor ted 155 projects that led to

energy savings and/or GHG emissions reductions. The projectswere carried out between 1990 and 2011, but the report onlypresents results obtained between 2010 and 2011. The ve

previous reporting cycles cover the period 1990 to 2009.

In the year 2011, the 16 participating companies totalled over90 million customers and 249,081 employees, a turnover of

133.25 billion euros. They accounted for 258.57 GW of installedgeneration capacity and 473.41 TWh of generated electricity.They also owned almost 1.2 million km of transmission and

distribution lines.

What are the key achievements in 2010-2011?

In this reporting cycle, participating companies reduced oravoided emissions of 99 MtCO

2eq as of result of implementing

projects that delivered GHG emissions reductions (Figure 1).

Figure 1: GHG emissions without project and with project

(Europe, 2010-2011)

The greatest emissions reductions or offsets were achieved bythe following project types: New Generating Capacity: FossilFuel (44%) and New Generating Capacity: Renewables

(22%). See Figure 2 for more details.

Figure 2: GHG emissions reductions per project type (Europe,

2010-2011)

0

50

100

150

200

250

2010 2010/20112011

With project Without project

Mt CO2 eq

GHG Emissions With Project and Without Project

Reduction in GHG Emissions per Project Type

Efficiency Improvement7%

Fuel Switching2%

New GeneratingCapacity: Renewables22%

New Generating Capacity:

Fossil Fuel44%

New GeneratingCapacity: Nuclear3%

New Generating Capacity:CHP

3%

Other ElectricityGeneration Projects

5%

Construction ofNew Transmission

and/or Distribution Lines7%

Upgrade Transmission and/orDistribution Line Voltage

7%

Executive Summary10


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Participating companies reduced primary energy fuel use in

electricity generation by around 24 Mtoe, and by 2573 GW/hamong energy end-users (Figure 3).

The projects that saved most primary energy were reported

under New Generating Capacity: Fossil Fuel (34%), NewGenerating Capacity: CHP (23%) and Other Transmission andDistribution Projects (18%).

Figure 3: Primary energy savings per project type (Europe,

2010-2011)

What are the main ndings?

Ivestmet in the electricity sector was driven by three mainchallenges:

- Reducing fuel import dependency,- Creating secure long-term energy supplies, and- Limiting the risks from climate change and habitat loss.

The climate change challenge in particular triggered actions

in research, development and innovation, aimed at thedevelopmet of low-emissio techologies.

Companies have recognised that electricity grids and storagefacilities must be rapidly extended to best use the increasingshare ofpower from reewables. To this end, they are carry ingout research into different technologies for storage and

load compensation.

New smart technologies will enable companies to feed

large volumes of renewable energy into the energy infra-

structure, provide their customers with more eergy

savig opportuities and encourage large-scale adoption ofelectric transportation.

Customers will play a maor role in driving changes in society,but only if they are able to study their consumption andimprove their energy usage. Companies have supported them

for many years by offeringeergy advisory services.

Engaging with customers gives companies the opportunity

to underline their environmental awareness and enhance

their corporate image and public recognition.

Which conclusions can we draw?

The ogoig ecoomic crisis has also impacted electricitycompanies, particularly hitting their cash ows and access to

capital. This has made the investment climate extraordinarily

difcult, and several projects have had to be delayed or cancelled.

Conicting policy instruments at EU level remain a challenge

when it comes to deciding on future investments. New

approaches, going beyond simple target-setting, need tobe explored, as does the interaction between various policyinstruments aiming to promote renewable energy sources,

energy efciency and CO2

emissions reduction.

The developmet of parterships across the whole electricit y

value-chai is needed to manage societys energy transition.

Involvement is needed from generators to end-users,passing through grid operators, local authorities, and othermarket players.

To get the ivolvemet of ed-users right, the new and growingeld of energy innovation urgently eeds trasparet rules to

clarify the roles ad resposibilities of the many par ticipants

involved. Many open issues still need to resolved, includingdata management, the role of household and industrialend-customers, and the role of third parties delivering new

services to those end-customers.

How is this EWP report structured?

The following section (Section 2) highlights one or two

particularly innovative projects per company, includingremarks by the project managers who are working daily to

reduce the environmental footprint of our sector.

Section 3 portrays all participating companies. CEOs havethe opportunity to explain their visions and actions towards

greening the electricity sector.

In Section 4, the results of all projects submitted by partici-pating companies are analysed in detail. More information on

all projects can be found at ww w.eurelectric.org/ewp

Energy Savings per project Type

New GeneratingCapacity: Nuclear4%

New Generating Capacity:CHP23%

New Generating Capacity:Fossil Fuel34%

Construction ofNew Transmission

and/orDistribution Lines

7%

Efficiency Improvement3%

New GeneratingCapacity: Renewables

4%

Upgrade Transmissionand/or Distribution

Line Voltage7%

Other Transmission andDistribution Projects

18%



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2Innovative Projects

13ENERGY WISDOM PROGRA MME 2012-2013 Edition


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Innovative Projects14

proect reported by

The deep offshore windtechnology, in particularthe WindFloat, will allow

us to harness stronger and

more stable winds, and in

the medium term deliver

sustainable energy into our

electrical system.

This is an historic moment

that takes my breath away.

This is probably the mostchallenging project in which

Ive been involved. My rst

word is to thank the team

and partners as this was

the result of a tremendous

team work involving several

EDP areas and National and

International collaborations.

I guess no one was expecting

a project like this to come

from Portugal , yet we have

proven the capabilities ofthe Portuguese maritime

industry to adapt and provide

the necessary resources to

successfully fabricate and

deploy an offshore structure

of this scale.

Now it is time to make

extensive testing and

validation moving forward

in the development of the

WindFloat technology.

Contact Person:Mr. Joao MacielTechnology DevelopmentDirector at EDP InnovationTel: [email protected]

Windfloat Development ofInnovative Technology forOffshore Wind Exploration

Project DescriptionThe WindFloat Project, led by EDP in partnership with Principle Power, A Silva Matos and Vestas,developed an innovative technology that will allow the exploitation of the wind potential at sea, at depthsof more than 40m.

The innovation focus of the project is the development of a oating foundation for multi-MW windturbines, based on the experiences from the oil and gas industr y.

The oating foundation is a semi-submersible and is anchored to the seabed. Its stability is due to the useof water entrapment plates, associated with an innovative ballast system. WindFloat adapts to any typeof offshore wind turbine. It is built entirely on land, including the installation of the turbine - thus avoidingthe use of scarce marine resources.

The WindFloat project encompasses the design and construction of a demonstration unit, including a2 MW turbine. The unit has been installed off the Portuguese coast, close to Aguadoura, and connected

to the grid in the end of December 2011. Pre-commercial and commercial phases are also planned,depending on the performance of the demonstration phase.

The project is the rst offshore wind deployment worldwide which did not require the use of any heavylift equipment offshore. Also, this is the rst offshore wind turbine in open Atlantic waters and the rstdeployment of a semi-submersible structure supporting a multi-megawatt wind turbine. Furthermore,it will form the basis of a future ocean energy cluster in Portugal.

Project ReasonThe existing energy paradigm is being strongly impacted by demographics, scarcity of resources andgrowing environmental concerns and mandatory targets. These three main drivers lead to two maintrends: cleaner generation (on the supply side) and energy efciency (on the demand side).

The WindFloat project addresses the supply side of the global solution as it implies cleaner energy generation.Wind Energy has already proven to be the most mature and competitive renewable energy option, eitheronshore or offshore, where the wind is stronger and more stable. However, shallow water deployments,using bottom xed structures, are only limited to specic regions (e.g., North Sea in Europe), so oneshould look at deep offshore wind using oating foundations as the way to explore the offshore winds inthe medium term.

The WindFloat was selected because of its key differentiating characteristics highlighted above.

Project Appraisal and Estimation MethodsWith an installed capacity of 2 MW, the offshore wind turbine produced, in 2011, about 25 MWh,corresponding to just 12 days of conditioned operation (namely with turbines capacity limited to 1.2 MW),during the commissioning process. During the demonstration phase, the wind turbine is expected toproduce between 4.4 and 5.3 GWh/year, i.e., 25 to 30% capacity factor (in offshore wind commercialproject, one could expect capacity factors above 40 to 45% ).

Emissions with project: no CO2

emissions from windpower.

Emissions without project: calculated assuming the electricity produced by the generation unit, had itnot been implemented, would have been generated by the companys thermoelectric plants, with anemission intensity of 635.3 tCO

2

/GWh. In 2011, the project avoided 16 tCO2

. When fully operational, weestimate the Windoat project to avoid around 3000 tCO2/year.

Fuel/Energy savings: calculated by converting the electricity production of t he wind turbine into primaryenergy, using the average net heat ratio of the companys thermal power plants. In 2011, energy savingsamounted to 198 TJoule.


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Project DescriptionFrom planning to realising a project two frontrunners in the eld of renewable energy have combined

their know-how and nancial strength. A project developer and an energy supplier are following a new path

while concentrating competences and bringing projects from planning to realisation. With the sustainable

joint venture star ting only last year, the actual CO2

reduction is still comparat ively small (70,000t in 2011).But this sustainable project has impressive mid-term prospects: the exponential growth shows savings

of 108,000t in 2012, 363,100t in 2013 and reduced greenhouse gas emissions in 2020 of 3 million t/a.

SWM has a 33% share in the wind onshore activ ities of wpd Europe. The joint venture covers internat ionalwind-onshore activities in Europe and Canada.

The common goal is now to implement the activities planned and to plan, build and operate more wind

parks with some thousands of MW.

Project ReasonThe wpd AG, as leading designers and operators of wind energy, and the Stadtwerke Mnchen (SWM) havean expansion strategy in the eld of wind power. The common goal: developing wind energy cooperation

between European countries. The partners combine experience in the areas of onshore wind energy andenergy supply strongly supported by f unds.

By participating in the project development company operating throughout Europe, SWM is deliberatelygoing upstream, underlining in addition that any energy policy based on 100% renewables must be

European. Currently, wind energy has the biggest potential among renewables. Wind onshore is the mostcost-efcient and will be cheaper than fossil fuels in the next decade.

The joint venture represents an economically meaningful way of achieving the desired objective to supply

power by 2050 mainly from renewable energy sources.

Further advantages include: earlier, faster and more economic access to wind onshore projects for a local utility like SWM;

a strategically important reaction towards a new market structure in the eld of renewables;

the possibility for SWM to open up for new renewable generation portfolio;

important instrument in the Renewable Expansion Strategy to reach its goal of 100% by 2025 in a

cost-effective and economical way;

intensied cooperation for SWM with a powerful and well established partner;

stabilising the role of SWM as a player in the renewable market;

projects will play an important role on the renewable generation path the goal is 7.5 billion kWh/a,

of which the joint venture contributes 1.2 billion kWh/a.

Project Appraisal and estimation methodCO

2reduction of the wpd-cooperation: 3,000,000 t/a (2020)

A sample calculation to illustrate the CO2

savings: With an onshore wind capacity of 1,000 MW, anaverage of 800,000 households can be supplied with green electricity annually and 1.7 million tons ofCO

2could be saved.

Contact Person:Dr. Bernhard BoeckProject ManagerTel: +49(0)[email protected]

So far, it is unusual thata local utility is active in theeld of europe-wide wind

energy project development.

Due to the fact that SWM is

consequently going upstream

to ensure a sustainable

competitive position in the

relevant areas of energy

production and energy

supply, we established this

exclusive joint venture with

wpd as a strong and reliablepartner in the eld of wind

onshore development. The

cooperation makes it possible

to bundle the companies

core competencies and

to act quickly and exibly

on the European wind

onshore market. For SWM,

it is important to focus

on economic projects in

regions where the best

natural, legal and regulatory

conditions prevail. Thelogical consequence is to

act even as a local utility

on a European basis. A

further benet for SWM is

the possibility to build wind

onshore portfolios without

having to participate in

bidding contests a huge

draw-back for local utilities

at the moment. In addition,

with our portfolio approach

we reduce the dependence on

single market uncertainties

and price developments

signicantly. I am looking

forward to the possibility to

steer those new projects

for SWM.

proect reported by

Joint Venture Wind OnshoreActivities in Europe and Beyond


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Project descriptionThe project is expected to be one of the largest PV plants in Europe. PPC Renewables, a 100% subsidiaryof PPC S.A., is in charge of completing its implementation. PPCR is in the process of implementing a 50MW photovoltaic project near the city of Megalopolis located in the Arcadia prefecture in Peloponnese.

The project is to be developed as two single PV plants by two PPC Renewables 100% owned SPVs:Arkadikos Ilios I (39 MW) and Arkadikos Ilios II (11 MW). The PV plants will be installed at the location of adepleted lignite mine, previously used by PPC to extract lignite for electricity production. The photovoltaic

power plant installation area will cover up to 2.03 sq. km. The annual electricity generation is expectedto be 70,000 MWh.

Project reasonPPCs strategy for renewable energy sources is based on the development of all categories and the growth

of PPC Renewables portfolio. The Megalopolis PV power plant is included among PPC Renewables mostimportant projects.

Project appraisal and estimation methodsemissions with project (2013)The CO

2emissions from electricity generation of the project are zero.

Emissions without project (2010)With an average CO

2coefcient for the companys Interconnected System of 1.057 kg/ kwh (year 2010)

for 70,000 MWh energy generation, the expected CO2

emissions are 74,000 tonnes or 74 kt.

Emissions reductions

Emissions reductions=emissions without project-emissions with projectCO

2emission reductions (2013) = 74 ktCO

2- 0 ktCO

2= 74 ktCO

2

Fuel savingDuring 2010, PPCs thermal plants produced 27,440 GWh from lignite, 113 GWh from heavy fuel and6,042 GWh from natural gas. The average specic consumption of PPCs thermal plants is estimated at

2.264 kcal/kwh. Therefore, the amount of thermal energy to be saved with the project for 70,000 MWh is158.48 Gcal or 15.85 toe of the mixture.

Contact Person:Mr. Georgios MarkouProject ManagerTel: [email protected]

The Megalopolis PVProject will be the biggestsolar park in Greece, and the

rst solar park among a large

port folio of about 360 MW

to be constructed by

PPC Renewables.

The project is fully licensed

and, after a public

tendering procedure for the

construction of a turnkey PVpower plant, PPC Renewables

has recently selected the EPC

contractor. Construction is to

begin within the next months.

The project enjoys high levels

of irradiation as well as a

very attractive feed-in tariff

regime. PPC Renewables

expects that, following the

notice to proceed to the EPC

contractor, the project will

be fully operational within14 months. The project will

consist of 212,740 PV panels,

36 central inverter stations

and also includes the

construction of a high

voltage substation.

proect reported by

Solar Energy:Megalopolis PV Project


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Project descriptionTurning wood into watts and warmth briey describes the key task and benet of the large-scale forest

biomass power station located in the cit y of Vienna in the southeastern district of Simmering. The wood-red cogeneration plant (combined heat and power generation/CHP) was launched as a agship project

to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, boost renewable energy technologies and maximise the efciency

of energy conversion, all at the same time. The plant is a joint project undertaken by Wien Energie (themunicipal energy provider of Vienna) and the sterreichische Bundesforste AG (Austrian Federal Forests).By combining the use of a local green energy source the plant is almost exclusively red with wood

chips from forest residue with advanced CHP-technology, the plant contributes to an efcient and

environmentally sound supply of heat and power to Austrias capital.

In order to realise the project, favourable framework conditions were pivotal, such as subsidies via a xed

feed-in tariff for green electricity and the availability of an ideal plant location. Hence, an existing Wien

Energie thermal heat and power generation site was selected to utilise existing infrastructure such as thedistrict heating and power grid, rail and road connections and qualied staff. Given the respectable size

of the plant, which requires a signicant biomass input, logistics and long-term contracts regarding fuel

supply played an important role. The relatively short transport distances more than 80% of the wood issupplied from the surrounding area within a radius of 100 km or less save costs and bring added valueto the region. The woody biomass is either transported to the biomass power plant directly or indirectlythrough the central transshipment site (Albern Port).

The biomass is incinerated in a circulating uidised bed boiler producing high pressure steam. It is

simultaneously converted into electricity and district heat by u sing an extraction condensing turbine withintermediate super heating. High efcient cogeneration raises the fuel efciency of the biomass power

plant up to 80%. The installed capacity is 24.5 MW electric output (16.2 MW electric and 37 MW thermalare generated in CHP-operation). The plant supplies the equivalent of 48,000 households with electricityand 12,000 households with district heating.

Project ReasonThe idea to build a large biomass power plant goes back to the end of the 1990s when the politicalwill to signicantly increase renewable energy production and reduce CO

2emissions gained importance

in Austria and the EU as a whole. Wien Energie has always been committed to the protection of theenvironment and the efcient use of resources. Wien Energie has longstanding experience in operating

high efcient CHP plants and is increasingly investing in renewable energy. The biomass cogeneration

plant represents the synthesis of these two sustainable approaches. Since 2006, the biomass plant hasbeen making a signicant contribution to reaching the emission abatement targets set in the Kyoto Protocol

and the renewable targets required by the Renewable Energy Directive (2001/73/EC). Furthermore, socialbenets are triggered through creation of regional employment and increased security of supply.

Project appraisalBy using forest biomass to produce electricity and district heating, the amount of fossil fuel needed

could be reduced by the equivalent of around 44,000 tonnes of heavy oil per year in comparison to aconventional power plant with the same efciency factor.Compared to conventional electricity (ENTSO-E mix from fossil fuel) and heat production (from AustrianCHP plants), the biomass power plant in Simmering emitted 149,000 tonnes of CO

2eq less in 2010,

147,000 in 2011 and projected 154,000 in 2012.

Contact Person:Mr. Thomas StraussWien Energie Fernwrme /ManagerTel: +43 (1) 4004 [email protected]

A mix of innovativesolutions is the key to asustainable energy supply

tomorrow. The forest

biomass power plant in

Vienna presents a role

model in this respect. It is

embedded in Wien Energies

large energy production and

supply system. It combines

the use of renewable energy

sources with advancedCHP technology.

However, it not only

contributes to environmental

benets such as the

reduction of fossil fuel

consumption and CO2

emissions but also enriches

the region with social and

technological benets. The

citizens of Vienna benet

from improved air qualit y,

the creation of employment

in the region and increased

autonomy as the fuel (wood)

is homegrown in arborous

Austria . Our project proves

that caring for nature can

benet both, the environment

and the citizens.

proect reported by

Biomass Power Plantin Vienna


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Project DescriptionVasilikos Power Station of the Electricity Authorit y of Cyprus is situated on the southern coast of Cyprus.Phase I was commissioned in 2000 and consists of two 130 MW heavy fuel oil steam units (Units 1 & 2)and one 38 MW diesel oil red gas turbine. Phase II consists of one 130 MW heavy fuel oil steam unit (Unit3). Phase III consists of a CCGT block in a conguration of two gas turbines and one steam unit (Unit 4)with a maximum continuous rating (MCR) electrical output of 220 MW.

The Vasilikos Power Station Phase IV project consists of a CCGT block in a conguration of two gasturbines and one steam unit (Unit 5) with a maximum continuou s rating (MCR) electr ical output of 220 MW.The CCGT will initially operate on distillate fuel oil and will switch to fuel gas once natural gas becomesavailable at the site. Due to recent developments involving the possible discovery of natural gas reservesin Cypruss Exclusive Economic Zone, the initial plans to supply liqueed natural gas (LNG) and developthe necessary infrastructure for regasication of the LNG have been suspended. EAC is now awaiting apolitical decision as to how and when natural gas will be made available in Cyprus. The distillate fuel

oil is a low sulphur fuel, containing a maximum of 0.1 per cent sulphur. This compares favourably to theheavy fuel oil used on-site for the other three steam units, which has a typical sulphur content of less orequal to 1.0 per cent. The rst fuel ring of gas turbine GT51 of unit 5 took place on 14 April 2011 andthe respective ring of gas turbine GT52 on 10 May 2011. The performance tests were then carried outand the two gas turbines operated in an open cycle mode. Full commercial operation was scheduled totake place towards the end of 2011. Unfortunately on 11 July 2011, due to an explosion at the adjacentMari Naval Military Base, Vasilikos Power Station suffered extensive damage which caused the completeinterruption of its operation. Unit 5 suffered damages as well and the EAC is currently proceeding with itsrestoration along with the stations other four units. It is expected that Unit 5 will be back in service in anopen cycle in July 2012.

The 170 MW minimum electrical output will be achieved on both distillate and gas red operation. Theconversion of the CCGT plant from distillate fuel operation to gas-red operation was included within theGas Conversion Works of the EPC (Engineer Procure Construct) Contract. The plant has been supplied withbypass stacks. It will opera te continuously throug hout the year and has been designed to have a minimum

net operational life of 30 years. During natural gas ring emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NO x) will becontrolled by the use of Dry Low NO

xburners. The ue gases from each gas turbine will be discharged

via a dedicated 75m stack. A 25m blast stack will also be provided for each gas turbine. During distillatefuel oil ring the emissions of NO

xwill be controlled by water injection. Unit 5 is expected to be ofcially

commissioned in the second half of 2012.

Project ReasonsThe investment is part of the generation expansion plan of the Electricity Authority of Cyprus for securingthe islands power supply taking into account the latest global developments in the energ y, environmentaland electricity sector as well as the necessity to fully implement the European Directives and Regulations.

Project Appraisal and Estimation MethodsApart from the obvious economic benets, it is expected that the project will result in signicantenvironmental benets (e.g. lower CO

2-emissions, lower NO

xemissions), economic benets (less fuel

consumption) and improved system reliability.

Other InformationThe cost of No.5 Unit is expected to reach 239 million, excluding any cost for its restoration due to thedamages suffered from the e xplosion.

Contact Person:Mr. Polyvios PolyviouGeneration DevelopmentManagerTel: [email protected]

Vasilikos Power StationPhase IV consists of onecombined cycle unit with a

capacity of 220 MW (Unit

5). The contract for the

construction of the unit

was awarded to the joint

venture J&P Avax / Hitachi

Power Europe in 2009.

A separate contract was

awarded for the maintenance

of the gas turbines for a

period of six years fromthe date of commercial

delivery of the turbines. The

contract was awarded to

the manufacturer of the gas

turbines, General Electric

USA. The contract covers the

planned maintenance of the

gas turbines as well as the

provision of spare parts. At the

same time a strategic stock

of spare parts will be kept on

site in order to avoid delays in

case of unexpected defects.

During the rst years ofoperation the unit will operate

on distillate oil until the arrival

of natural gas in Cyprus.

Thereafter it will operate

on natural gas as the main

fuel. The new CCGT unit will

provide electricity to the local

grid in the most efcient,

reliable and environmentally

acceptable manner currently

commercially possible,

providing the Electricity

Authority of Cyprus with the

exibility to meet the growing

demand and thus securing

the electricity supply

on the island.

proect reported by

Combined Cycle Gas Turbine(ccgt) unit 5


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proect reported by

With its 2009-2013Technology Plan Endesa hasstrengthened its researchactivities, technologicaldevelopment and innovationin order to achieve the highestefciency levels while seekingsolutions to a sustainableenergy model. In this model,Endesa is committed to takingleadership in CO

2reduction

technologies throughdeveloping CCS projects.Endesa is actively taking

part in the European Unionsenergy policy, whichhighlights CCS as a prioritytechnology, as set out inthe Seventh ResearchFramework Programme.

Among the different CCSprojects in which Endesa isinvolved, we would highlightthe following: Compostilla-OXY-CFB-300

project, to develop theoxy-combustion technologyin circulating uidised bedboilers with CO

2storage in

deep saline aquifers. "Less CO

2in Compostilla"

project, to capture CO2

usingchemical absorptionby amines.

La Pereda project, asdescribed here.

CO2

capture pilot plant withalgae, developed in thethermal power plantin Almera.

The objective of these projectsis to validate the selectedcapture technologies at acommercial scale. This willallow the renewal of existing

fossil fuel power plants whilereducing CO

2emissions into

the atmosphere as part of theght against climate changein the near future.

Contact Person:Mr. Andrs Sanchez-BiezmaR&D Unit Project ManagerTel: [email protected]

Research Project on co2

capture in La Pereda

Project DescriptionEndesa, in collaboration with Hunosa and the National Agency for Scientic Research Council (CSIC), has

carried out the construction of a 1.7 MW pilot plant for CO2

capture in La Pereda (Mieres, Asturias), closeto the modern thermal power station of La Pereda, owned by Hunosa. The plant has been designed for

the development of the cycle carbonation technology for CO2

capture, using limestone as sorbent.

The plant has two circulating uidised bed reactors with 15 metres interconnected. In the calcination

reactor, the limestone will decompose into calcium oxide and highly concentrated CO2. The calcium oxide

is then sent to the carbonation reactor where it reacts with the combustion gases by capturing the CO2

tocreate limestone again.

The plant is designed to treat up to 2,600 m3/h of ue gas and has a capture capacity of 8 tonnes of CO2

per day with efciencies of around 90%. The implementation began at the end of 2011; the testing

period of CO2 capture began in early 2012.

This plant is the largest in the world with this CCS technology, and is also the rst time that this technology

has been integrated into a thermal plant to treat real combustion gases.

Project ReasonsCarbon capture and storage (CCS) is a powerful tool to mitigate climate change. Endesa therefore support stechnological leadership through the development of a number of different CCS projects.

The CSIC has been collaborating with Endesa in dif ferent research projects for years. Since 2000 it has

been developing the application of carbonation-calcination cycles for CO2

capture processes from coalcombustion. These tests have obtained promising results in the laboratory, showing a great potentialto reduce the cost of CO

2capture. This system is applied to existing and newly constructed coal plants

because the high energy consumption required for the regeneration of the sorbent (calcination) isrecovered in heat sources at high temperature, facilitating its use in a steam cycle power plant. The

construc tion of the La Pereda pilot plant is the next milestone towards the development of this type of CO2

capture. The object ive of this project is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of this capture technolog y,at a lower cost than other alternatives.

Project Appraisal and Estimation MethodsThis project is at a pilot phase so it is not yet possible to estimate the real emissions reductions that it

could generate. However, the reduction potential is clear as it would allow the capture of CO2

emissionsgenerated in the operation of power plants.

In addition to the construction and start of the pilot plant in 2011, we have worked in the laboratory with30 KWt, stably and continuously achieving efciency ratios above 90%. Based on these efciencies, we

have developed an integration analysis of this technology in a real plant. First results show that the plantefciency would be reduced by merely 7-8 percentage points, compared to the 10-12 points of other, more

developed technologies that were considered, such as post-combustion with amines or oxy-combustion.

During 2012, we will try to validate the previous laboratory results at a pre-industrial scale.


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proect reported by

Why was biomass chosenas the project fuel?The carbonator needs a

high volatile fuel, and

biomass meets perfectly

this requirement. On the

other hand, biomass is a

natural way to reduce the

CO2

concentration in the

atmosphere, therefore CO2

capture and storage frombiomass combustion is a way

to reduce CO2

concentration

in the atmosphere and

to produce energy at the

same time, so the concept

'negative emissions' comes

up. The process requirements

will be perfectly met by

using another high volatile

fuel, but in this scenario we

wont be able to talk about

negative emissions but only

emissions reduction. That is

why biomass adds an extra

value to the Project. In fact,

Gas Natural Fenosa obtained

the patent for 'Procedure

and device for the CO2

free

biomass combustion'.

Contact Person:Mr. Carlos Perez RosLess CO

2GNF

Project ManagerTel: +34 [email protected]

Less CO2

Project (CCS)

Project DescriptionThe Less CO

2Project studies the technical viability of capturing carbon dioxide (CO

2) in a cost- effective

way through carbonation and calcination technologies. The 300kWt demonstration plant, the rst of itskind worldwide, is located next to the La Robla coal power plant in the Spanish province of Len.

The plant commissioning work began under the CENIT CO2

framework, and was carried out from 2006 to2009. A National Consortium for Technical Investigation was in charge of the programme, and as a resultof Gas Natural Fenosas active membership in the CENIT CO

2, the plant was commissioned in 2010. Since

then, several tests and studies have been conducted to set operational and design parameters whichwould allow the commissioning of a 5MWt plant in the near future.

The carbonation and calcination technology is based on the reaction between CO2

and calcium oxide (CaO)to produce calcium carbonate (CaCO

3). The industr ial facilit y consists of two interconnected reactors ,

a carbonator and a combustion chamber, both running at atmospheric pressure and at temperaturesof 650- 700C and 850-950C respectively. In the carbonator, the fuel combustion (biomass) produces

CO2, which reacts with the CaO added to the combustion to produce CaCO3. The combustion emissionsare therefore CO

2-free. The CaCO

3is then burned in the combustion chamber to produce CaO, which is

re-introduced into the carbonator, closing the cycle. Overall process efciency is determined by thecombustion temperature, which is therefore a key factor to manage. Theoretically, the carbon captureefciency of this process is 100%, however experimental results so far show 80% efciency.

The development of carbon capture and storage technologies is considered as one of the measures witha high potential of reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

Project ReasonThe challenges associated with climate change are driving actions by the energy sector in research,development and innovation. Following this trend, and in accordance with Gas Natural Fenosas businessstrategy on climate change, the Less CO

2Project addresses Gas Natural Fenosas commitment through

research and development on carbon capture and storage technologies.

Main objectives:

Develop Carbon Capture Technology through R&D projects. Test a new sort of power plant, able to produce electricity and to remove CO

2from the atmosphere at

the same time.

Project Appraisal and Estimation MethodsProject Appraisal: Optimize the 300 kWt plant and study the technical and economical viability in a 5MWt plant. Develop an experimental programme in order to study: operation parameters, potential fuels and sorbents. Track different sorts of reactors in order to interpret the experimental data obtained.

Estimation Methods:

CO2

emission factor of cellulose: C6H10O5 + 6O2 6CO

2+ 5H

2O; which implies 1,623 kg CO

2/ kg of cellulose

NCV of biomass: 15 MJ/kg Installed Capacity: 300 kWt Full Load Equivalent Hours: 4000 hours/year Capture Efciency: 80%

Electricity generation efciency: 40% Biomass Consumption: (300 kW x 4000 hr/yr) / (15 MJ/KG) = 288 tons of biomass/year Absorbed Emissions: 0.8 x 288 tons of biomass/yr x 1.623 tCO

2/ton of bioma ss =374 tCO

2/yr

Electricity Generation: 0.4 x (300 kW x 4000 hr/yr) = 0.48 GWhe Emissions Factor: - 374 tCO

2/0.48 GWhe = -780 tCO

2/GWhe


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Project DescriptionEndesa is committed to developing projects that improve energy efciency, thus reducing the environmentalimpact of its projects. Therefore, Endesa, anticipating the arrival of natural g as to the Balearic system, hasbeen meeting the needs of new production capacity by incorporating new combined cycle.

The plants included in this project are the power plants Cas Tresorer and Son Reus, both located in themunicipality of Palma de Mallorca. Cas Tresore has two combined cycle with a total installed electricalpower of 477,4 MW. Son Reus has two combined cycles for a total of 457,6 MW while the t wo gas turbinesand two diesel motors from the Ibiza plant that have been converted to add a power of 88,4 MW. Up tonow the plants have been operated as combined cycles fueled by diesel. However, these were developedto consume gas when this was available in the islands after incorporating certain modications. Aftercompletion of the pipeline in 2010 which supplies natural gas to the Balearic Islands, Endesa beganworking for the conversion to natural gas of the combined cycle plants Cas Tresorer and Son Reus inMajorca, and Ibiza power plant. Dur ing 2011 the conversion of the different groups included in the project

took place and the groups are already operating with natural gas, making it possible to convert a total of1023 MW for the use of natural gas.

This is a very ambitious project, not only because its objective is to get the gasication of two islands,but also because from a technical perspective to adapt the combined cycle (gas turbines based on GEtechnology 6FA / FA + e) and diesel motors (MAN 48/60) so it can operate with t wo combustibles, throughthe use of gasoil (combined cycle) or fuel oil (diesel motors) to natural gas, is a wor ld premiere. This has ledto some technical difculties due to lack of technical expertise, as there are no similar experiences to drawupon. This conversion, which represents an investment of 45 million Euros has involved the installation ofa regulating and metering station of gas at each plants and equipment modications to the combustiblesupply, combustion chambers and systems control to t the new operation.

Once these modications have been implemented, the natural gas is considered as the principalcombustible, while diesel fuel becomes the reserve combustible to be used only during periods ofunavailability of natural g as to ensure electricity production.

Project reasonAnticipating the arrival of natural gas to the Balearic system, Endesa has built and started during the 2002-2010 period four combined cycle, the most efcient and with the lowest environmental impact technologythat currently exists in the eld of power plants. The use of natural gas as combustible for electricityproduction in the Balearic power plants implies a diversication of energy supply sources. It also impliesan lengthening of the components lifetime and at the same time a very important simplication isachieved in the management of fuel due to the elimination of truck trafc for the transport of gas oil. Thisfuel switching has resulted in a increase of the energy efciency of the power plants and also a signicantreduction in CO

2, S

2O and particulate matter emissions has been achieved. Also the arrival of natural gas

to island systems enables a substantial reduction of operating more polluting equipment.

Project appraisal and Estimation MethodsThe introduction of natural gas as fuel in combined cycle plants of Mallorca offers signicant environmental andtechnical benets that are specied in a substantial reduction in greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere: 31.34 % reduction in carbon dioxide emissions (CO

2) 58.3% reduction of nitrogen oxides (NO

x)

100% reduction of sulfur dioxide (SO2) 100% Particle Reduction

The above percentages mean a reduction of emissions into the atmosphere, with reference to the year 2009(when it had not yet begun the process of transformation), about 282098 tons of CO

2, 2478 tons of nitrogen

oxides, 701 tons of SO2

and nearly 69 tons of particulate mat ter each year.

Contact Person:Mr. R. Fortuny ZafortetaProject Manager of the switchto natural gas in the Balearics

Tel: +34 [email protected]

Contact Person:Mr. I. Pescador ChamorroDirector - Powergeneration IslandsTel: +34 [email protected]

For Endesa, energyefciency means transformingand using energy in the mostintelligent and optimum waypossible throughout its valuechain while maintaining thesame quality of the servicesit offers its customers. Theenergy efciency Endesaachieves in using the naturalresources at its disposalis a key parameter for thecompanys generationbusiness. Efciencyimprovements in thegeneration business directlyimpact the consumption ofprimary energy and helpslash CO

2emissions, as a

high percentage of fossilfuels are used to produceelectricity. The project "FuelSwitching Baleares" uses thebest available technology forits business, analysing and

anticipating the availability ofnew, more efcient resourcesin the territory where

it operates.

proect reported by

Fuel Switching Baleares


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proect reported by

If Europe increases theproportion of uctuating windand solar energy in power

generation as planned over

he next years and decades,

hen todays electricity grids

and available storage capacity

will no longer be sufcient.

Electricity grids and storage

acilities must be rapidly

extended to make the best use

of the increasing quantity ofpower from renewables. For

his reason, E.ON is carrying

out research into different

echnologies for storage and

oad compensation. The most

promising type of storage for

arge quantities of energy is

he extraction of hydrogen

rom excess regenerative

electricity. This hydrogen will

be fed into the existing natural

gas network. In this way, largequantities of energy can be

tored and transported. In

he medium to long term this

torage technology, which is

eferred to as power to gas,

ould provide the required

balance between supply and

demand. In principle, a mass

torage facility and hence a

very large part of the required

nfrastructure is already

available with the natural gas

networks. We will intensively

est and develop this

echnology at our Falkenhagen

pilot plant.

Contact Person:Dr. Urban KeussenSenior Vice PresidentTechnology & InnovationTel: +49 211 4579 [email protected]

E.ON Pilot ProgrammePower to Gas

Project DescriptionE.ON is building an energy storage plant in Falkenhagen, Germany, to convert excess wind power intohydrogen by electrolysis. The hydrogen will be carried via pipeline to a connection point on the naturalgas grid, where it will be injected into ONTRAS/VNGs high-pressure transmission pipeline.

Through this project, E.ON will become one of the rst companies worldwide to demonstrate how

surplus renewable energy can be stored within the natural gas grid, essentially removing the linkbetween generation and demand. There will also be opportunities to establish the potential for

converging electricity and gas grids, determine the optimum mixture of hydrogen within natural gas, andinvestigate the possibility of using the hydrogen-rich gas to generate electricity using combined heatand power plants.

Project ReasonsPower-to-gas is a highly efcient way of storing surplus energy from renewable sources, such as solar

and wind power, until it is required, balancing long-term uctuations in generation. The conventional

conversion process involves using electricity to electrolyse water, producing hydrogen. Alternatively, CO2

from bio-energy facilities can be converted to bio-methane, which can then be fed into the natural gasgrid without any blending limitation.

Project appraisal and Estimation MethodsUsing innovative technology, the Falkenhagen storage plant will produce up to 360Nm/h of hydrogenfrom 2 MW of wind power through electrolysis. The hydrogen will be fed into the natural gas pipeline

at around 2 percent by volume, at a maximum operating pressure of 55bar(g), effectively storing andtransporting surplus renewable energy.

The work scope will include the engineering, construction, commissioning and start-up of a containerised

2 MW electrolyser and compression plant. In addition the project will provide a power substation,metering station, hydrogen pipeline and natural gas grid access station. The diverse programme of workwill encompass conceptual design, detailed engineering, project management, tendering, construction,

commissioning, operation, optimisation and standardisation of the plant, right through to negotiationswith all relevant authorities, as well as gas and electrical grid operators.

Although proven electrolysis technology will be used to get the power-to-gas plant up and running,

the project will enable E.ON to gain a greater understanding of the technical and regulatory challengesinvolved in the set-up and operation of such storage plants, and to acquire valuable practical experiencefor application in future multiple or larger installations. The knowledge and experience gained will allowE.ON to dene sound business models and place it in a strong position to win business in countries

looking for proven, cost-effective and environment-friendly ways to store renewable energy.

Above all the project will demonstrate the effective storage of renewable energy within the gas grid.


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Project DescriptionSchlieren, a municipality in the canton of Zurich, is a former industrial zone that has been transformedinto a new residential district.

The supply of district heating and cooling is typically cost-effective in areas of high-energy demand. Incooperation with the City of Schlieren and the Swiss Post, ewz (Elektrizittswerk der Stadt Zrich) hascreated a major energy net work that takes advantage of locally available heat sinks and sources and localdemand for heating and cooling.

The energy net work exploits the proximity of environmentally friendly waste heat arising from the coolingprocess for heat generation purposes. Treated wastewater from the nearby sewage plant is used tobalance out the network's heating and cooling needs. If the demand for cooling produces surplus heat,the system is cooled with water from the plant. This is a highly efcient cooling process, since the wateris typically colder than outside temperatures in summer. If the demand for heating produces surplus

cooling, water from the plant is used as a source for the heat pumps. The Schlieren energy network is oneof Europes largest facilities using treated wastewater as an energy source.

ewz submitted this project as part of its bid in a public tender in 2005. The energy plant for the SwissPost distribution center was rst realized in 2006. Today, a number of heating and cooling power stationsmeet the heating and cooling needs of ofce buildings, a shopping center, a Do-it-yourself market andapartment blocks. Zurich Insurance's central computing center feeds additional heat into the network.The energy supply includes a large-scale heat pump that operates on ammonia, an environmentallyfriendly substitute with a low climate change impact.

The success of this project is testimony to how energy-efcient and competitive solutions can be createdusing an innovative combination of energy systems. The Schlieren energy network is a prime example ofhow heating and cooling demand can be met by a large-scale, environmentally friendly, cost-effectivesystem that uses treated wastewater as an external energy source.

Contact Person:Mr. Christoph DeissHead of SalesTel: +41 58 [email protected]

As an energy contractor,we develop environmentallyfriendly and competit ive

solutions in order to provide

our customers with a reliable

supply of heating and

cooling energy.

In the town of Schlieren

we have several major

customers with heating and

cooling needs, such as theSwiss Post's distribution

center and a new residential

district. By means of a district

heating and cooling grid, ewz

has connected the heat sinks

and sources in a two-stage

project that uses wastewater

from the nearby sewage

plant to balance out the

system's heating and cooling

needs. ewz submitted this

solution in its bid as part of

a public tender in 2005. The

cost-efcient solution with

tailor-made contracts for all

partners involved guarantees

heating, cooling and power

supply 24x7, 365 days a year.

This carefully developed,

state-of-the art project is

worthy of repetition as it

brings about a considerable

reduction in the amount

of energy required not to

mention CO2 emissions.

proect reported by

Schlieren District Heating

post centre Mlligen Entire Schlieren network

heat requirement per year 9,500 MWh 52,000 MWh

Cooling requirement per year

Heat pump (NH3)

Refrigerant machine (NH3)

8,400MWh

5.6MW

4.3MW

21,800MWh

11.1MW

9.0MW

Gas/oil-red boilers ( peak load)

Ecology

Saving of fossil fuels per year

corresponding CO2

reduction per year

6,100MW

6,100MWh

1,200t

17.0MW

48,700MWh

8,100t

Existing energy network using waste heat.

9100 MWh natural gas/oil

22 400 MWh wastewater

purication plant

9100 MWh electricity

Gas/Oil-redboilers

Heatingunits/refri-gerationplants

8200 MWh

29200 MWh 54200 MWh 52000 MWh hea t

16800 MWhwaste heat used

2200 Mwhloss to network

8000 MWh waste heat unused

22500MWh 21800 MWh cooling

700 MWhloss to network


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Project descriptionThe aim of the project is to build the worlds rst commercial-scale demonstration plant based oncombined heat and power (CHP) integrated fast pyrolysis of biomass, producing bio-oil to replace heavyfuel oil. The plant will be constructed at the Joensuu CHP plant in eastern Finland. Fortum will implementthe project in cooperation with Metso and VT T.

The consortium (Fortum, Metso, UPM and VTT) has developed a pyrolysis process which integrates aconventional uidised bed boiler. In this CHP-integrated bio-oil production process solid biomass ispyrolysed and condensed into liquid form.

This so-called fast pyrolysis bio-oil is derived from biomass by a thermal process without the presence ofoxygen. The produced bio-oil is a complex organic mixture with a high energy density compared to forestbiomass. It is a suitable fuel for district heat production and the processing industry, and has a greatpotential to replace fuel oils.

The planned annual capacity of bio-oil is 50,000 t/a corresponding to about 200 -250 GWh of fuel. Primar yraw material is forest residues. Pyrolysis bio-oil can be produced from almost any organic material, butto ensure a sustainable and a renewable product, only 100% renewable biomass will be used as rawmaterial. In order to increase demand for pyrolysis oil in local fuel markets, the target is to promote thestandardisation of bio-oil.

Project reasoningFortum's long-term aspiration is to be a CO

2-free power and heat company. Climate change mitigation is

one of the core areas in the company's strategy and the company wants to provide sustainable solutionsfor the society. At least in the beginning, the bio-oil can be used in Fortum's own energy productionplants. In addition to business benets, the replacement of fossil fuels with renewable and sustainablefuels is one of Fortum's actions towards CO

2-neutral production.

By utilising domestic forest biomass as raw material for bio-oil, Fortum wants to ensure that the raw

material does not compete with food production. Fortum has recently established guidelines and criteriafor sustainable use of bioenergy in its energy production.

Project Appraisal and Estimation MethodsThe EUs RES Directive sets sustainability criteria for biomass-based fuels. Based on our analyses,replacing fossil fuels with pyrolysis oil reduces greenhouse gas emissions by more than 70% comparedto fossil fuels, therefore clearly fullling the Directives requirement of 60% emissions reduction.Using 210 GWh (50,000 tonnes) of pyrolysis oil to replace heavy fuel oil, the CO

2-emission and SO

2-

emission reductions will be about 59,000 t and 320 t respectively.

Project timescheduleThe investment decision was made in February 2012 and detailed engineering began immediately.Commissioning of the pyrolysis plant is planned for autumn 2013.

Other benets of the projectIn addition to reducing CO2

emissions, replacing fuel oil with pyrolysis oil will also reduce SO2

emissions,as the bio-oil is almost sulphur-free.The project will provide considerable local employment benets and the impact is estimated to be about60-70 man-years. Employment during construction phase is about 2,200 man-days.

Contact Person:Mr. Jukka HeiskanenHead of R&D, Heat DivisionTel: [email protected]

Being involved inthe development of aninnovative new technological

solution for sustainable

use of resources is utmost

challenging, but also

rewarding", says Jukka

Heiskanen, Head of R&D

in Heat Division. "Fortum,

Metso and VTT (Technical

Research Centre of Finland)

each being leadingorganisations in their

business area are in an

excellent position to create

a robust new technology

concept for biomass

utilisation. Our project is

a good example of joint

interests of political decision

makers who need a solution

for climate change and

companies that can create

opportunities for futurebusiness. If this project is

successful, the developed

pyrolysis technology can be

used extensively providing an

important addition to climate

change mitigation toolbox.

This is one of our solutions to

create energy that improves

life for present and future

generations.

proect reported by

Joensuu CHP-Pyrolysis Project


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Project DescriptionZEDO is one of 11 divisions of PGE PGE Grnictwo i Energetyka Konwencjonalna S.A.. ZEDO consists ofthree plants. Activity of the branch is heat and power generation. The main fuel is hard coal, but alsobiomass is used in the combined cycle. In Szczecin Plant the largest biomass boiler in Poland was put intooperation in Dec. 2011. New biomass fueled unit have replaced 5 exploited carbon units (2 pulverized-fuel boilers and 3 stoker-red boilers). The installation consists of 1 uidized bed biomass boiler and 1small emergency boiler based on heating oil bioester. The new unit supplies green electricity and heatto one third of citizens in Szczecin.

The parameters of the biomass installation are: Total green energy generation is 440,000 MWh/a. Heat generation is 1,900,000 GJ/a. Annual biomass consumption is at the level of 550,000 Mg/a. Power heat generation - 183 MWt,

Steam generation 230 t/h, steam temperature 535 C, steam pressure 70 bar.The unit will fulll EU criteria for high efcient cogeneration. The project realization brings positiveimpact on environment, improves energy conversion level and decreases GHG emissions. This projectallowed the displacement of high emitting sources (old fashioned coal red boilers) by a new green unit.Comprehensive ecological effects are as follows: CO

2emission reduction as a consequence of cool replacement with biomass,

SO2

emission reduction of 69% Dust emission reduction of 63% Reduction of 80% of waste/by-products with reference to current level.

Project reasonsThe investment was voluntary undertaken by the company but inuenced by EU/national regulations.

Project Appraisal and Estimation Methods:The project resulted in signicant environmental (e.g. lower CO

2emissions, lower power consumption)

economic (e.g. power savings) and social (e.g. improvement of the power plants image) benets.

For the estimation of CO2 emissions reductions, the following calculation was made:Emission with project:

Emission with project comes f rom biomass burning and is recognized as avoided emission. CO2

reductionshave been estimated on the basis of avoided emission for the same production level previously based onhard coal in Szczecin CHP. The estimation has been made for one month (December 2011) and forecastedfor next (2012) year. Emission with project (biomass): ECO

2= recognized as non emitted = 0 [tCO

2]

Emission without project:

Calculation is based on chemical energy of used coal, that would have been burned to achieve the samegeneration level. Example for December 2011: fuel (coal) consumption = 18,000 [Mg] Do;

heating value = 0.025 [TJ/Mg] Dz;

Emission without project (coal): ECO2

= Do x Dz x WeCO2

x WuECO

2= 18,000 [Mg] x 0.025 [TJ/Mg] x 93.97 [MgCO

2/TJ] x 0.985 = 41,652 [MgCO

2].

Achieved CO2

emission reduction in December 2011: 41,652 [MgCO2].

Forecasted CO2 emission reduction in 2012: 500,000 [MgCO2].Fuel savings:Coal consumption for heat generation in Szczecin CHP before project implementation was at the level of18,000 [Mg] per month. Fuel saving results from coal switch to non-emissive biomass. Fuel saved inDec. 2011: 18,000 Mg of hard coal.Forecasted fuel savings in 2012: 216,000 [Mg of coal].

As the biggest lignite, heatand power producer in Poland,we feel responsible both forthe countrys energy securityand natural environmentprotection. PGE GiEK SA iscommitted to conducting itsabove-mentioned businessactivities in a sustainablemanner and in compliancewith high ecological standardsand the principles of corporatesocial responsibility. Power

generation companies andCHPs of PGE Group havelong followed an emissionsreduction programme.Signicant power generationefciency improvement hasbeen achieved on existingunits and considerable amountof biomass co-burning andbiomass dedicated units havebeen implemented. CHPsbest results are related toreplacement of old-fashionedcoal-red units by high

efcient combined cycle units.Our generation assetsmodernisation programmehas been running step bystep since 2004. It results inreduced CO

2emissions and

efciency improvement. Ourunits efciency is amongthe highest in Polish powercompanies based on lignite.Our projects submitted to theEWP Report are only examplesof PGEs involvement in GHGemissions reduction. Thehighest available techniquesin biomass, both within Polandand the European Union, havebeen applied for the SzczecinCHP project.

proect reported by

Szczecin CHPBiomass Contact Person:Miroslaw NiewiadomskiPGE EWP ProjectsTel: +48 [email protected]

oxidation factor = 0.985 Wu;

CO2

emission factor = 93.97 [MgCO2/TJ] WeCO2;


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Project DescriptionThe energy production at Helsingin Energia is based on combined heat and power generation (CHP) withoverall efciency rate of energy generation exceeding 90%. The Vuosaari B CHP plant has two V94.2

gas turbines supplied by Siemens. The original electric power output of the gas turbines at ambient

temperature of 0C was 163 MW and the efciency rate approx. 33.7%. Siemens has developed a blade

modernisation pack (Si3D) for the gas turbine type, which raises the gas turbine output and efciency

rate. The modernisation involves tting the turbine with new type of blades and vanes, with modied ow

geometry and improved cooling, whereby the ow of cooling air required may be reduced. The seals of

the turbine section have also been improved in order to reduce losses. Ceramic coatings are used on theblades and the inner casing, which also permits a higher combustion temperature than was previously

possible.

The pack was installed in the rst two stages of Vuosaari B gas turbine 4 at the annual overhaul in 2009

and in all four stages of gas turbine 5 at the annual overhaul in 2011. Performance test were carried out

on the turbines before and after each overhaul. After the tests, the combustion temperature of bothturbines was set at 1065C.

Project ReasonHelsingin Energia has signed up to an Energy Efciency Agreement, and has set as its goal to further

improve the efciency of its energy production, already at a good level. Energy efciency is part of

Helsingin Energias development programme towards carbon-neutral energy production by 2050.

Energy audits have been carried out at all the power plants and energy efciency measures implemented

based on their results. The turbine blade modernisation of Vuosaari B plant has proved to be one ofthe most effective energy efciency measures.

Project Appraisal and Estimation MethodsPerformance test showed that the efciency rate of gas turbine 4 increased by 1.19 percentage points

and that of gas turbine 5 by 1.52 percentage points. As the combined effect of the modernisation and the

increase in combustion temperature, the output of gas turbine 4 increased by approx. 11.5 MW and thatof gas turbine 5 by approx. 13 MW.

The Vuosaari B performance data at reference point 0C changed after modernisation as follows:

Year 2008 2009 2011

Overall electric power output 460 MW 471 MW 486 MW

Back-pressure mode power production efciency rate 47.9% 48.6% 49.2%

Power-to-heat ratio 1.07 1.098 1.125

District heating output has remained the same at the reference point following the modernisations.

The savings in fuel volumes and reduction in CO2

emissions were estimated by scaling so that the plantwould produce the same volume of power before modernisation and after it.

This gives the result of an annual saving of fuel energy of approx. 210 GWh and a reduction in CO2

emissions of approx. 43 kt after both modernisation phases.

Contact Person:Mr. Jyrki HaniojaPower Plant ManagerTel: [email protected]

The greatest productioncost of a combinedcyclepower plant is the fuel it

uses. The CO2

emissions

are directlyproportionate

to the volume offuel

used. Therefore, every

measure that reduces fuel

consumption also reduces

the environmental impacts

of the powerplant. The

actual increase in the power

production efciency could

be described by saying

that on an annual level, we

manage to produce the same

amount of electricpower as

before the modernisation,

butby consuming as much

less natural gas as we

previouslyconsumed in

9 days. Atthe same time,

we produce no nitrogen

oxides orcarbon dioxideduring those 9 days.

proect reported by

Improving Energy Efciency ofa Combined Cycle Power Plant


29/68


proect reported by

As the biggest lignite, heatand power producer in Poland,we feel responsible both for

the countrys energy security

and natural environment

protection. PGE GiEK SA is

committed to conducting its

above-mentioned business

activities in a sustainable

manner and in compliance

with high ecological standards

and the principles of corporatesocial responsibility. Power

generation companies and

CHPs of PGE Group have

long followed an emissions

reduction programme.

Signicant power generation

efciency improvement has

been achieved on existing

units and considerable amount

of biomass co-burning and

biomass dedicated units have

been implemented. CHPs

best results are related toreplacement of old-fashioned

coal-red units by high

efcient combined cycle

units. Our generation assets

modernisation programme

has been running step by

step since 2004. It results

in reduced CO2

emissions

and efciency improvement.

Our units efciency is among

the highest in Polish power

companies based on lignite.

Our projects submitted to the

EWP Report are only examples

of PGEs involvement in GHG

emissions reduction.

Belchatow Power Plant:New Low GHG EmissionsFossil-Fuel 858 MW Unit

Project DescriptionThe new 858MW power unit working in the Bechatw Power Station is the biggest generation unit in the historyof the Polish power industry and the most advanced power unit in Poland. It was commissioned in September2011. Its advanced technology determines new standards in the Polish industrial power generation. It is themost efcient lignite-fuelled power unit in the country, with the net efciency reaching 42%. Its structure andtechnical parameters allow to generate more power and comply with the European environmental standards.The power unit meets all the requirements of the European Union directives regarding emission of pollutantsinto the atmosphere and is compatible with carbon capture and storage installations.

The new 858 MW power unit, as in the case of the remaining power units of the Bechatw power stationis fuelled with lignite from the nearby lignite mine. The power unit as an independent generating unit hasbeen furnished with all the necessary systems and basic/supporting installations.

Except of widely known technologies, raising the power units efciency as low- and high pressurerecovery and steam overheating, the following systems were applied additionally:supercrit ical steam system I modern systems of the turbine blades I heat recover y from ue gas.

Above mentioned innovations result in the gross efciency exceeding 42%.

Technical ParametersSO

2< 200mg/Nm

3I NO

X< 200mg/Nm

3I dust < 30mg/Nm

3I CO

2< 200mg/Nm

3(5,5 mln t/a)

Project reasonsThe investment was volontary undertaken by the company but inuenced by EU/national regulations.

Project Appraisal and Estimation Methods:The project resulted in signicant environmental (e.g. lower CO

2emissions, lower power consumption)

economic (e.g. power savings, fuel savings) and social (e.g. improvement of the power plants image)benets. For the estimation of CO

2emissions reductions, the following calculation was made:

Emission with project

Calculation is based on CO2

emission factor, comparing old units and the new high efcient one, for the

same production level. Example for year 2011:CO

2emission factor = 0,887 MgCO

2/MWh I power generation = 1.935.200 MWh

Emissions with project are calculated multiplying power generation by CO2

emission factor:1.935.200 MWh x 0,887 MgCO

2/MWh = 1.716.522 MgCO

2

Emission without project:

Calculation is based on CO2

emission factor for the old units for the same production level.

Example for 2011:CO

2emission factor = 1,095 MgCO

2/MWh I power generation = 1.935.200 MWh

Emissions with project are calculated multiplying total power generation by CO2

emission factor:= 1,095 MgCO

2/MWh x 1.935.200 MWh = 2.119.044 MgCO

2

Emission reduction in 2011:2.119.044 1.716.522 = 402.522 Mg CO

2

Forecasted CO2

emission reductions:

Based on 4 month of operation and 402.522 MgCO2 avoided emission in 2011, the new unit will saveabout 1.100.000 MgCO

2each year of operation.

Fuel savings:Calculation is based on factor of chemical energy consumption per generation unit for new and old units.Fuel savings in 2011: 1.935.200 MW h x (9,500 8,145 GJ/MWh) / 7,798 GJ/Mg = 336.265 Mg

Contact Person:Miroslaw NiewiadomskiPGE EWP ProjectsTel: +48 [email protected]


30/68


Project descriptionWithin Amsterdam New West, an urban area of about 3 by 6 kilometres was selected for this rst iNet

implementation in the Netherlands. It contains approximately 9,000 households and requires 9 MVApower supply. In this area the existing 10 kV radially operated mid-voltage grid has been transformed

into a 20/10kV ring-shaped bidirectional g rid (see pict ure). To achieve this, a 20 km long 20 kV backbonecable was twined into the existing grid, with both ends connected to the primary substation. Existing 10kV cables were transformed into 10 kV secondary rings, with both ends connected to the backbone. Both

the 20 kV backbone and the 10 kV secondary rings are fully bidirectional. All substations within this gridare equipped with advanced substation automation technology. Furthermore a bre optic/GPRS network

was implemented to connect all substations within this grid to the central control department.

The resulting intelligent grid provides:

complete transparency of the grid (current, voltage, power quality, etc. in all stations involved arevisible in the central control dpt.);

full remote control (all substations can be controlled from the central control dpt.);

automatic fault localisation and self-healing functions.

The uniqueness of this smart grid concept lies in the large percentage of reuse of existing assets (>90%)

which makes this concept nancially feasible. Furthermore, this leads to the least cumbersome outcome

for the public domain: less cable to roll out or renew, and few substations to build or replace.

Project Reasons In the Amsterdam New - West Area a lot of solar energy is generated. Many houses in this area are

equipped with solar panels on the roof. Furthermore, the City of Amsterdam is planning to install evenmore solar panels and also wind turbines in the next years. To be able to integrate these renewableenergy resources an in efcient way an intelligent exible grid is required.

As a result of the complexity and age of Lianders grid in Amsterdam the number of outage minutes per

year is substantially higher then in the rest of the area serviced by Liander. Therefore Alliander wants toreduce the number and length of outages in this area by implementing an intelligent self healing grid.

Amsterdam is promoting the use of electrical vehicles. To enable a massive penetration of electrical

vehicles and provide required recharging facilities the underlying electricity grid needs to be intelligentand exible.

iNet results in a far better use of existing assets thereby avoiding massive investments in new andexpensive cables and components, while facilitating both the Citys and Lianders ambitions to reachsustainability goals.

Project appraisal and estimation methodsThe implementation of iNet within the Amsterdam area is above all an enabler facilitating other projects

with a direct positive impact on the reduction of CO2/NO

x. For example, the iNet enables the integration

of solar and wind energy in the traditional grid, and has created opportunities for enlarging the amount ofelectrical vehicles. These initiatives contribute directly to Amsterdams 20-20 objectives.

The reduction of outage minutes on the other hand is a clear direct objective: the initial 35 yearly outageminutes within this area should be reduced by at least 50% as a result of the implementation of iNet.

Contact Person:Mr. Bert HeerbaartProgramme ManagerSmart GridTel: + 31 6 11034291bert.heerbaart@allia

Documents

The EURELECTRIC Energy Wisdom Programme (EWP): Improving Energy Efficiency Reducing Carbon Emissions Meeting the 2050 Challenges