The Ethics of Humanitarian

Military Operations and Intervention

Lewis and Clark Center and theFrontier Conference CenterFort Leavenworth, Kansas

April 19-21, 2016

An intellectual forum co-sponsored by the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College and the

CGSC Foundation, Inc.

Fort Leavenworth

Ethics Symposium

CGSC Foundation support for this symposium was made possible by a generous grant from the Perot Foundation.

The U.S. Army Command and General Staff College and the Command and General Staff College Foundation are pleased to welcome you to the 7th annual Ethics Symposium. We are glad you could join us for this important event here at Fort Leavenworth, Kansas. Our 2016 theme is:

The Ethics of Humanitarian Military Operations and Intervention

Our goal for the week is to develop dialogue between military and other professions as we consider this topic’s impact on military service to our great nation. This year’s symposium will explore the humanitarian, political, legal and military aspects of getting involved in humanitarian military operations and intervention. With recent deployments to Liberia, Haiti and many others, this discussion is well timed. The 2015 National Security Strategy states,

“Our military is postured globally to protect our citizens and interests, preserve regional stability, render humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, and build the capacity of our partners to join with us in meeting security challenges. . . We will work vigorously both within the U.N. and other multilateral institutions, and with member states, to strengthen and modernize capacities—from peacekeeping to humanitarian relief—so they endure to provide protection, stability, and support for future generations.”

The National Security Strategy has provided for the development of an Interagency Atrocities Prevention Board and several key documents such as “MARO – Mass Atrocities Response Operations: A Military Planning Handbook” (2011) and “Mass Atrocity Prevention and Response Options (MAPRO): A Policy Planning Handbook” (2012). This year’s symposium will continue to explore the use of the U.S. military in these kinds of operations.

In addition to some great paper presentations, speakers this year will include: • Dr. Dan Bell, the General Hugh Shelton Distinguished Visiting Professor of Ethics for the

U.S. Army Command and General Staff College. • Dr. Jim Waller, the Cohen Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies at Keene State

College (NH).• Jennifer Ciardelli, the Director of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum’s Civic

and Defense Initiatives.• Yvette K. W. Bourcicot, the Senior Advisor for International Humanitarian Policy in the

OfficeoftheDeputyAssistantSecretaryofDefenseforStabilityandHumanitarianAffairs.• Col. (Ret.) Dwight Raymond, a Peace Operations Specialist at the Peacekeeping and

Stability Operations Institute at the U.S. Army War College.• Mike Newton, Professor of Law at Vanderbilt University.• Lt.Col.JohnReiffenstein,CombinedArmsCenter–CanadianLiaisonOfficer.• Col.NicolasAuboin,CombinedArmsCenter–FrenchLiaisonOfficer.• Sean Langberg, policy assistant for the Simon-Skjodt Center for the Prevention of Genocide.• Maj. Ruki Karusisi, International Military Student Detachment, Rwanda, CGSC Class 2016.

Welcome to Fort Leavenworth and thank you for your contribution to this year’s discussion.

Welcome

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AgendaTuesday, April 19

0730 Registration (Lewis & Clark Center – Atrium) Coffee & Danish; Registration

0830 Symposium Opening Remarks; Keynote Speaker & Wrap Around (Lewis & Clark Center – Eisenhower Auditorium) Brig. Gen. John Kem, CGSC Deputy Commandant; Keynote – Dr. Jim Waller

1100 Welcome Remarks (Lewis & Clark Center – Marshall Auditorium) Dr. Daniel M. Bell, Jr. – General Hugh Shelton Distinguished Visiting Professor of Ethics

1200 Lunch

1330-1530 Panel Discussion (Lewis & Clark Center – Marshall Auditorium) Dr. Waller, Yvette Bourcicot, Dwight Raymong, Mike Newton

1600 Reception (Lewis & Clark Center – Atrium)

Wednesday, April 200800-0900 CoffeeandDanish-Confirm/SignUpforBreakoutSessions (Frontier Conference Center – Mezzanine) 0900-1130 Special Presentations: “Representing the Profession” (Frontier Conference Center – Ballroom A/B/C) Lt.Col.JohnReiffenstein–CanadianLiaisonOfficer Col.NicolasAuboin-FrenchLiaisonOfficer Sean Langberg – ISIS in Iraq Maj. Ruki Karusisi – CGSC International Student – Rwanda

1130-1300 Lunch

1300-1625 BreakoutSessions(Frontier Conference Center) (See breakout schedule- pg 6-7)1630-1730 No Host Social

Thursday, April 210830-0915 CoffeeandDanish-Confirm/SignUpforBreakoutSessions (Frontier Conference Center – Mezzanine)

0915-1050 BreakoutSessions(Frontier Conference Center) (See breakout schedule)1100-1300 Lunch & Closing Presentation (Frontier Conference Center – Ballroom B) Joyce Hess, Midwest Center for Holocaust and Genocide

Please note April 19 we will be at the Lewis and Clark Center; April 20-21 we will be at the Frontier Conference Center.

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In order to foster thought and discussion, as well as get your feedback on the presentations and topicscovered,weinviteyoutoparticipateonourEthicsBlog.We’llposttwoorthreequestionsontheEthicsBlogeachdayofthesymposium.Visittheethicsblogat:

http://www.cgscfoundation.org/category/ethics-blog/

A Note for Attendees

General Hugh Shelton ChairThe Rev. Dr. Daniel M. Bell, Jr., is the General Hugh Shelton Distinguished Visiting

Professor of Ethics for the U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, a position sponsored by the CGSC Foundation and made possible by a grant from the Perot Foundation.

Dr. Bell is also Professor of Theology and Ethics at Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary in Columbia, South Carolina. He is an ordained Elder in The United Methodist Church. A graduate of Stetson University in Florida, he earned the Master of Divinity degree from Duke Divinity School and a Ph.D. (in theology and ethics) from Duke University where he worked with Dr. Stanley Hauerwas. He has authored several books, including Liberation Theology After the End of History (Routledge, 2001) Just War as Christian Discipleship (Brazos, 2009), and Economies of Desire: Christianity and Capitalism in a Postmodern World (Baker Academic, 2012).

Dr. Bell is a popular speaker at colleges and universities, campus ministries, and churches on topics such as war and peace, the moral life, stewardship, and mission of the church today. He has presented papers before distinguished organizations such as the Latin American Studies Association International Congress, the American Academy of Religion, the Society of Christian Ethics, and the Irish School of Ecumenics. His work has appeared in various journals including Christianity Today, The Christian Century, Modern Theology, Journal for Peace and Justice Studies, Communio, Cross-Currents, and Studies in Christians Ethics.

A gifted scholar and an enthusiastic teacher, Dr. Bell is active in Habitat for Humanity and prison ministry, has led study seminars to Mexico, and regularly takes students on cross cultural immersion trips to Honduras. His personal interests include travel, reading novels, weightlifting, and volunteer work. At Southern Seminary Dr. Bell’s principal teaching responsibilities are in the area of theology and ethics. He also serves as the Director of Methodist Studies.

Prior to joining the Southern Seminary faculty in 2000, Dr. Bell taught at Monmouth College, Truman State University and Meredith College.

This is Dr. Bell’s last Fort Leavenworth Ethics Symposium as the Chair. The College and the Foundation thank him for his service and his lasting

impact on the students and faculty.

DanielM.Bell,Jr.,Ph.D.

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Breakout SessionsWednesday, April 20

Presenter Title

Early Afternoon – 1300-1435BallroomA

Michael Andregg Why Fight

Rhonda Quillin Ethical Impacts of the Shifting Human Environment in Warfare

BallroomBBrett Lancaster Understanding Genocidal Tendencies within Different Cultures

Michael Growden Do Humanitarian Interventions Generate Postwar Obligations?

BallroomCDaryl Charles The Ethics of HI and the JWT

Shelley Farmer Taking a Stand - Unilateral Action of the U.S. in MARO

BREAK-1435-1450

Late Afternoon – 1450-1625

BallroomA

Kathryn Gillum Evaluation of the Current Risk Assessment Models for Genocide and Mass Atrocity

Kathleen Dougherty Responding to Sexual Violence in Conflict

BallroomB

Scott Porter Hybrid Warfare and Humanitarian Operations update

Aimee Bateman & Shawn Cupp Value of Human life Ethics

BallroomCShawn Cupp & William Knight Humanitarian Authority to Change Governments

John Breen The Ethics of Intellegence Gathering

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Thursday, April 21Presenter Title

Morning – 0915-1050BallroomA

Richard Ledet Exploring the Ethical Pitfalls of Female Engagement Operations

Stephanie Crawford Ethical Challenges of Framing Bias in Force Inetgration

BallroomCDavid Cotter Moral Injury in Perpetrators

Lt. Col. Philip Ginder Use of Biomedical Ethics Principles as Part of Humanitarian Operations Planning Criteria

Hearth RoomJack Kem The Use of the Ethical Triangle in the Ethical Decision Making Process

Thomas Gibbons A Metric for Military Ethics Instruction

BREAK-1050-1100

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Speaker BiographiesJamesE.Waller,Ph.D.

Dr. James Waller is the Cohen Professor of Holocaust and Genocide Studies at Keene State College (NH). Keene State College is home to the Cohen Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies, one of the nation’s oldest Holocaust resource centers, and also offers the only undergraduate major in Holocaust and Genocide Studies in the United States.

Wallerisawidely-recognizedscholarinthefieldofHolocaustandgenocidestudiesand,inaddition to holding visiting professorships at the Technical University in Berlin (1990) and the Catholic University in Eichstatt, Germany (1992), has been an invited participant in international seminars hosted by the Stanley Burton Centre for Holocaust Studies at the University of Leicester in England (2006); the Institute of Sociology at Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland (2007 and 2008); the Bundeszentrale fur politische Bildung in Berlin, Germany (2009); the VU University Amsterdam in the Netherlands (2009); the University of Alberta in Canada (2010); and the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies in London (2011).

Waller has been awarded summer fellowships by, and been a teaching fellow with, the Holocaust Educational Foundation at Northwestern University (1996 and 2007-2012) and at the Center for Advanced Holocaust Studies at the U.S. Holocaust MemorialMuseuminWashington,D.C.(1999,2003,and2005).HisfieldworkhasincludedresearchinGermany,Israel,Northern Ireland, the former Yugoslavia, Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania, Argentina, Chile, and Guatemala.

In the policymaking arena, Waller is also regularly involved, in his role as Director of Academic Programs with the Auschwitz Institute for Peace and Reconciliation (AIPR), as the curriculum developer and lead instructor for the Raphael Lemkin Seminars for Genocide Prevention.

JenniferA.CiardelliJennifer Ciardelli is the Director of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum’s Civic

and Defense Initiatives. In this capacity, Jennifer develops and facilitates educational programs designed for military and government professionals.

Approaches to examining the Holocaust include considerations of leadership, decision-making, and genocide prevention. This work occurs for both U.S. and foreign military personnel through partnerships with institutions such as the U.S. Naval Academy, the Army’s Command and General Staff College, and the National Defense University. Jennifer has presented in both national and international settings, including the U.S. Southern Command, UNESCO headquarters in France, and the Auschwitz Memorial Museum in Poland.

Jennifer is involved in Museum-wide initiatives including resource creation, international-outreach, digital projects, and strategic planning. Jennifer has written articles about the Museum’s adult professional development and leadership programming. Jennifer comes to the Museum with degrees in History and English and a Master’s degree in Education. Previous work experiences included teaching high school as well as graduate education workshops on topics including the Holocaust and genocide studies, European history, critical thinking, teaching about controversial issues, and curriculum design.

Listed in program order

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YvetteBourcicotYvette K. W. Bourcicot is the Senior Advisor for International Humanitarian Policy in the

OfficeoftheDeputyAssistantSecretaryofDefenseforStabilityandHumanitarianAffairs.Inthat role, Ms. Bourcicot provides advice to the Atrocities Prevention Board, an interagency body mandated to coordinate a whole-of-government approach to addressing the risk of mass atrocities and genocide abroad. In addition, she develops and coordinates policy regarding certain weapons systems, including cluster munitions, landmines, and lethal autonomous weapons systems.

Ms. Bourcicot is a medically retired Air Force JAG. She holds a J.D. from Georgetown University Law Center as well as an A.B. in English Literature from Princeton University.

Dwight RaymondColonel (Retired) Dwight Raymond is a Peace Operations Specialist at the Peacekeeping and

Stability Operations Institute at the U.S. Army War College, where he also teaches a course on Humanitarian Intervention.

His military awards include the Bronze Star Medal, Combat Infantryman’s Badge, and Airborne,Ranger,andPathfinderqualificationbadges.DwightisagraduateoftheUnitedStatesMilitary Academy and has advanced degrees from the University of Maryland School of Public Policy, the U.S. Army School of Advanced Military Studies, and the U.S. Army War College.

Raymond is one of the primary authors of the Mass Atrocity Response Operations (MARO) Military Planning Handbook, the Mass Atrocity Prevention and Response Options (MAPRO) Policy Planning Handbook, and the Protection of Civilians Military Reference Guide. He is also the primary author of several military doctrinal publications regarding peace and stability operations, including a U.S. Army manual on the Protection of Civilians.

Michael A. NewtonMike Newton came to Vanderbilt after serving in the Department of Law, United States

Military Academy. Professor Newton helped negotiate the Elements of Crimes document for the International Criminal Court as part of the U.S. delegation, and coordinated the interface between theFBIandtheICTYwhiledeployingintoKosovotodotheforensicsfieldworktosupporttheMilosevic indictment.

ProfessorNewtonservedintheOfficeofWarCrimesIssues,U.S.DepartmentofStateduringboth the Clinton and Bush Administrations. As the Senior Advisor to the United States Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues, he shaped a wide range of policies related to the law of armed conflict,includingU.S.supporttoaccountabilitymechanismsworldwide.

He was the U.S. representative on the U.N. Planning Mission for the Sierra Leone Special Court and currently serves on the Advisory Board of the ABA International Criminal Court Project. After helping establish the Iraqi High Tribunal, he served as International Law Advisor to the Judicial Chambers from 2006 to 2008.

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Speaker Biographies (cont’d)

Colonel Nicolas AuboinColonel Nicolas Auboin was born on the 31 October 1964 in Charleville-Mézières, Ardennes

France. He joined Saint-Cyr military academy as a cadet in September 1984 and graduated in 1987. He joined the Artillery Branch after his basic training. After having commanded a platoon he was promoted to captain and commanded a battery from 1993 to 1995. He later joined the artillery school as an instructor in 1995 where he was platoon leader for young cadets from Saint-Cyr following their junior course of the artillery school. During this period, he was selected to follow the Joint Staff College and sent to the French Geographic Institute where he graduated with a master’s degree in geography and a Senior Engineer of the French Geographic Institute. He was promoted to major in 1999 and was posted at the General Staff.

In2002,hewaspromotedtolieutenant-colonelandappointedasoperationsofficerofthe28thArtillery Regiment, providing geographic support to all French deployments abroad. In 2004 he joined the Joint Force CommandBrunssum, hisfirstNATOassignment as targeteer.Hewas promoted to colonel in 2007 and selected to becommandingofficerofthe28thArtilleryRegiment.Afterhiscommandin2009,hewasselectedasChiefofStaffoftheArmy Intelligence Brigade regrouping all French Army sensors. In 2011, he joined the Joint Force Command Naples as Branch Head Knowledge development. Col. Auboin is currently serving at the Combined Arms Center as the French Liaison Officer.

HehasbeendeployedinTchad,KosovoandwasJ2OPSintheCJTFOperationUnifiedProtector(OUP)inLybia.

Lieutenant-ColonelJohnReiffensteinFrom1996to2000Lieutenant-ColonelReiffensteinwasastaffofficerwiththe1stCanadian

Division Headquarters in Kingston, deploying with the headquarters to Uganda and Rwanda for OperationAssurance,aswellas to theManitobafloodin1997.In1997-98healsodeployedtoBosnia, serving in a British Division Headquarters with NATO’s Stabilization Force. He returned to Winnipeg and the 2nd Battalion in 2000 and deployed with the battalion to Bosnia that fall. In 2001, he was sent to Shilo, Manitoba, to coordinate the move of the battalion from Winnipeg to Shilo. Hedidthatjobuntil2004,withaninterruptiontoserveastheDeputyCommandingOfficeroftheBattlegroup in Bosnia in 2003. In 2004 he took command of C Company of the 2nd Battalion.

He was posted to the Canadian Land Force Command and Staff College in Kingston in 2005, where he worked as part of the Distributed Learning Directing Staff, coordinated formation training

for the Canadian Headquarters deploying to Afghanistan, and was an assistant coach with the Varsity Rugby Team at the Royal Military College.

In 2009, following completion of the Joint Command and Staff Programme in Toronto, he was posted to Ottawa where he was employed until 2011 at the Africa desk in the Directorate of Peacekeeping Policy within the Policy Group. He commanded Canadian Forces Base Edmonton from 2011-13 and is currently serving at the Combined Arms Center as the Canadian LNO.

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JoyceHessJoyce Hess is a child of a Holocaust survivor. Her mother, Sonia Golad, survived the Vilna

Ghetto, labor and concentration camps and was liberated from Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp. Joyce is a member of the Second Generation Speakers Bureau of the Midwest Center for Holocaust Education (MCHE). She travels throughout Missouri and Kansas, relaying her mother’s story to students in an effort to introduce the Holocaust from a personal perspective. Joyce also serves as President of the Board of Directors for MCHE. She is an accountant, Kansas City native, wife and mother of two daughters.

Maj. Karusisi joined the Rwanda Defense Force in 1992 as an enlisted soldier. In 1995, he enrolled into the National University of Rwanda where he graduated with a Bachelor’s Degree in CivilEngineeringin1999andthenjoinedtheCadetOfficerBasiccourseasanon-commissionedofficerin1999andcommissionedin2000asanInfantryOfficer.HeattendedtheSpecialForcesTraining Academy and posted upon completion to the Republican Guard Unit where he served as platoon leader and later as battalion staff.

Maj. Karusisi obtained a master’s degree in Civil and Environmental Engineering in 2010 from Carnegie Mellon University. Upon graduation, he was posted back to the Republican Guard as a staffofficerwhereheledandcontributedtoseveralnationalinfrastructuredevelopmentassignmentsthat were given to the Army in addition to daily staff duties. Prior to CGSOC, he served as company commander in the Republican Guard Unit from 2011 until promotion to major.

He married Iza in 2006, has two daughters and one son and mostly enjoys physical training, traveling and spending time with family.

Major Ruki Karusisi

Sean Langberg is the policy assistant for the Simon-Skjodt Center for the Prevention of Genocide where he assists with outreach to policymakers. Previously, he was a program assistant at the Friends Committee on National Legislation, a public interest lobby where he advocated for atrocity prevention structures and security assistance reform. He also worked as an analyst at The Sentinel Project, as a researcher at Citizens for Global Solutions, and as the national education coordinator of STAND, a national network of student advocates for the prevention of violent conflictandmassatrocities.

Sean Langberg

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