The Establishment of the United States

I. American Ideals

I. American IdealsA.Liberty •My definition

•Definition given in class•Examples of American liberty

•My definition•Definition given in class•Examples of American equality

•Why is there a conflict?•Simple examples•Modern examples

•Freedom v. security

•Equality

II. The English Colonies

A. Establishment

• Democratic ideas in England

• Establishment - 1607-1733

Pennsylvania - 1681

Rhode Island - 1636

Georgia - 1733

Carolina - 1663 (split into North and South Carolina in 1729)

Delaware - 1664

New Jersey - 1664New York - 1664

Maryland - 1634

Connecticut - 1636

New Hampshire -

1630

Massachusetts Bay/Massachusetts -

1630Plymouth/Massachusetts - 1620

Jamestown/Virginia - 1607

NorthSouth

B. Geography of the colonies

Western Mountains

East coastal plain

C. Concepts from the colonial era that would shape the new nation

1.Diversity

a)Economics

b)Religion

c)National origin

II.A tradition of self rule

The Virginia House of Burgesses

The Mayflower Compact

Agreement Between the Settlers at New Plymouth : 1620

We . . .Do by these Presents, solemnly and mutually, in the Presence of God and one another, covenant and combine ourselves together into a civil Body Politick, for our better Ordering and Preservation, and Furtherance of the Ends aforesaid: And by Virtue hereof do enact, constitute, and frame, such just and equal Laws, Ordinances, Acts, Constitutions, and Officers, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general Good of the Colony; unto which we promise all due Submission and Obedience. 1620

(Accessed on 7.31.11 at http://avalon.law.yale.edu/17th_century/mayflower.asp )

III. The Enlightenment

A.What was the Enlightenment?

B.Enlightenment ideals

1.Natural rights

2.The social contract

3.Limited government

C.Three influential Enlightenment thinkers

1. John Locke

2. Montesquieu

Separation of powers

3. Voltaire

IV. The American Revolution

A.Salutary neglect

B.The French and Indian War

North America just prior to the

French and Indian War

IV. The American Revolution

A.Salutary neglect

B.The French and Indian War

C.Why the Americans believed they were being abused by the British

1. Taxation without representation

The Stamp Act - 1765

The Tea Act - 1773

2. Denial of self rule

NY Assembly - 1767

Massachusetts assembly - 1774

3. Denial of Basic Rights

The right to trial by Jury - 1764

The Boston Massacre - 1770

V. The Declaration of Independence

a. Statement of principles

b. List of grievances

1.Structure

V. The Declaration of Independence

1.Structurea. Statement of principles

b. List of grievances

b. Statement of formal separation

2. Jefferson’s First draft

. . .he has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating it’s most sacred rights of life & liberty in the persons of a distant people who never offended him, captivating & carrying them into

slavery in another hemisphere, or to incur miserable death in their transportation thither. this piratical warfare, the opprobrium of infidel powers, is the warfare of the CHRISTIAN king of Great Britain. determined to keep open a market where MEN should be bought & sold, he has prostituted

his negative for suppressing every legislative attempt to prohibit or to restrain this execrable commerce:[11] and that this assemblage of horrors might want no fact of distinguished die, he is now exciting those very people to rise in arms among us, and to purchase that liberty of which he has deprived them, by murdering the people upon whom he also obtruded them; thus paying off former crimes committed against the liberties of one people, with crimes which he urges them to

commit against the lives of another.(Accessed on 7.31.11 at http://www.princeton.edu/~tjpapers/declaration/ )declaration.html

3. Understanding the Revolution through the Declaration of Independence

a.The grievances from the Declaration reflect actual events from the 1760s and 1770s

b.The Declaration drew upon ideas developed during the colonial period

c.The Declaration drew upon ideas from the Enlightenment

VI. Forming an American Government

A.Mistrust of a powerful central government

B. The Articles of Confederation and its weaknesses

Easily changed

Power to tax Independent executive

Power regulatetrade

=

Weak Foreign policy

Civil unrestGovernment Bankruptcy

C. The Constitutional Convention

1.Revise or replace?

2.Major conflicts

a.Representation

Virginia Plan•Large States•2 house legislature•Representation based on population

New Jersey Plan•Small states•1 House legislature•Equal representation•Congress given the power to tax and regulate trade

The Great Compromise•2 house legislature•Upper house - Senate - all states have equal representation•Lower house - House of Representatives - Representation based on population

b. Slavery

• No significant discussion of abolishing slavery at the convention

• How would slaves be counted for representation?

• 3/5 compromise

c. The power of the national government• Many feared a powerful central government

• 2 compromises:

Separation of powersand

checks and balances

FederalismPower is shared between set and central

governments

Article I - The legislative branch (Congress)

Article II - The Executive branch (president)

Article III -The judicial branch (courts)

Article IV - Relations among states

Article V - Amendments

Article VI - Federal supremacy

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Article VII - Ratification

D. Ratification and the Bill of Rights1.Ratification

2.Federalists v. Anti-Federalists

V.

Powerful government

with extensiv

e powersSmall government

with powers limited by

a Bill of rig

hts

3. The Bill of Rights

a)I - Five Freedoms - Speech, Press, Religion, Assembly and Petition

b)II - Right to Bear arms

c)III - No quartering

d)IV - Protections against unwarranted search and seizure

e)V - Rights of the accused

f)VI - Right to a fair trial

g)VII - Right to a jury trial in civil cases

h)VIII - prohibition of cruel and unusual punishments

i)IX - Retention of unenumerated rights

j)X - Reserved powers of the states