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75

ut your best foot forward: A model of children’s activeravel

. Pont ∗, J. Ziviani, D. Wadley, R. Abbott

The University of Queensland

Background: Given the importance of physical activityn children’s development, researchers have argued for austainable approach to ensuring children meet their dailyhysical activity requirements. To this end encouraging habit-al forms of physical activity, such as active travel (AT),ncluding walking, riding a bicycle or using a scooter, toocal destinations such as school or a park is advocated.

hilst existent literature documents the correlates of AT inhildren, there remains a need for a simple, coherent and com-rehensive approach to examining factors which influenceecision-making relating to children’s AT.

Methodology: Using current literature, a conceptualramework has been developed for decision-making aroundT in children. It was determined that any model regardingT among young people needs to incorporate the observ-ble environment, parent perceptions and decisions regardingheir child’s AT, as well as the child’s own perceptions andecisions regarding AT within his/her family contexts.

Results: This presentation details the Model of Children’sctive Travel (M-CAT). Specifically the M-CAT focuses on

he factors impacting the decision-making process of the par-nt and child in relation to children’s AT. It can broadly beonceived as comprising: (1) objective elements of the child,arent/primary caregiver, family and environment, (2) per-eptions of parents and children around these elements, and3) outcomes.

Conclusions: The M-CAT highlights the complex andynamic nature of factors impacting the decision-makingrocess of the parent and child in relation to children’sngagement in AT. It acknowledges the embeddedness ofhildren in their families, whilst maintaining the importancef the child’s own perceptions and decisions regarding his/herngagement in AT. The M-CAT offers a way forward foresearchers to examine variables influencing AT in a sys-ematic manner by exploring the mechanisms of behaviourhange relating to AT among children. Future testing ofhe M-CAT will consolidate understanding of the factors

nderlying the decision-making process which occurs withinamilies with respect of AT.

oi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.176

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cine in Sport 12 (2010) e1–e232

76

he epidemiology and prevention of injuries in Ameri-an Flag football: First-season injury-exploratory studyesults

. Kaplan

Jerusalem Physiotherapy and Sports Medicine Institute

Background: Although AFF is considered a non-tackleport, many moderate-serious contact-type injuries have beeneported. Although one injury-exploratory study involvingemale athletes has been previously documented, there areo studies describing their prevention.

Objective: To examine the epidemiology of sports injuriesn AFF.

Methodology: 868 amateur players (consisting of 4eagues—mens, wom ens, male high school and co-ed)articipated in this first of a two-season prospective injury-xploratory study. All time-loss injuries sustained in gameessions were recorded by the off-the-field medical per-onnel. This was followed up by a more detailed phoneuestionnaire by the author, 7–14 days following the injury.

Results: 529 games were played in the 2007/2008 season.he number of athlete-exposures was 459.172.101 injuriesere reported over this period, representing 95 individuallayers in total. Overall, this represents an injury rate of 0.22er 1000 athlete-exposures (95% CI: 0.26, 0.17). The esti-ated incidence per season of a player sustaining an injuryas 10.9% (95% CI: 13%, 8.9). 97 (96%) of the injuries were

raumatic in nature, with the vast majority (68%) involvingither direct contact with another player (48 or 48%), contactith the ground (16 or 16%) and finally contact with the ball

4 or 4%). 97 (96%) of the injuries reported were accordingo game rules. 30% of the injuries reported were diagnosed asigament sprains, 24% contusions, 14% fractures, and 12%eamatomas. 30% of the contact injuries were to the fingers,humb and wrist, 20% to the knee, 16% to the head and facend 12% to the ankle. Only 8% of the injuries were recurrentn nature. 41% were moderate injuries (8–28 days off play),hilst 17% were severe (>28 days). Regarding player posi-

ions, the defensive line involved 35% of all injuries, receiverosition 21%, quarterback 16% and offensive line 11%. 1819%) of the players reported using some form of protectiveear for at least some part of the playing season, (5) 27%f these players used ankle braces/guards, 5 (27%) mouthuards, 4 (22%) knee pads and only 2 (11%) used hand glovesr thumb bracing/strapping.

Conclusions: These first-season study results reflect bothhe high number of moderate to severe type-injuries (60%)n this so-called “non-tackle” sport. Despite the fact that

ost of the injuries (68%) resulted from either direct con-

act with the ground or involving another player, very fewlayers (19%) used any form of protective equipment. Evenhough nearly one-third of all the injuries involved the wristnd hand, only 2 players (2.1%) used protective equipment

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elated to prevention in this anatomical location, both of themfter their injury. These results form part of a two-seasonrospective, epidemiological study of injuries in the AFF,hich will be followed by a two-season prospective, longi-

udinal randomized-controlled injury prevention trial over aurther two-season period.

oi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.177

77

ip and groin injuries in young AFL footballlayers—Pre-existing or a product of the change to thelite senior level?

. Gabbe 1, M. Bailey 1, J. Cook 2,∗, M. Makdissi 3, E.case 4, N. Ames 5, T. Wood 6, J. Orchard 7, J. McNeil 1

School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, MonashniversityExercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin UniversityCentre for Health, Exercise and Sports Medicine, Universityf MelbourneAustralian Institute of SportGeelong Football ClubAFL Draft Camp Medical CoordinatorSchool of Public Health, University of Sydney

Introduction: Hip and groin injuries are prevalent in theFL. These injuries are difficult to diagnose and evidence-ased rehabilitation programs are lacking, resulting in highecurrence rates, highlighting the importance of primaryrevention. In the AFL, hip and groin injuries are particu-arly common injuries in younger players, but whether thesenjuries are related to the increased demands of participationt the highest level or due to injuries sustained in the pre-FL period is unknown. The primary aim of this project was

o establish the relationship between the history of hip/groinnjuries in elite junior players prior to AFL drafting and thencidence of hip/groin injuries during their AFL career.

Methods: The pre-AFL injury history of drafted AFLlayers was sourced from the medical screening question-aire completed by all players nominating for the AFL draft1999–2006) and linked with data from the AFL Injury Sur-ey (2000–2007). The relationship between injury historynd AFL hip/groin injury was assessed using Cox Pro-ortional Hazards Regression to account for differences inollow-up times. Years to hip/groin injury in the AFL wassed as the time variable. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% CIround the HR were calculated.

Results: Data linkage was successful for 502 players. Ofhese, 84 (17%) reported a hip/groin injury on their draft

edical assessment questionnaire, with osteitis pubis (n = 36)

ost commonly reported. 30% of players without a history

f hip/groin injury missed an AFL game due to hip/groinnjury compared to 41% of players with a history. A playerho reported a previous hip/groin injury was 1.90 (95% CI:

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cine in Sport 12 (2010) e1–e232 e87

.29, 2.79) times more likely to sustain a hip/groin injury inhe AFL than a player without a pre-AFL hip/groin injuryistory in any given year (p = 0.001). Players who reportedprevious hip/groin injury were 3.91 (95% CI: 2.25, 6.78),

nd 9.59 (95% CI: 3.14, 29.3), times more likely to missames due to osteitis pubis, or hip chondral/labral lesion, inhe AFL than a player without a pre-AFL hip/groin injuryistory.

Conclusion: This study is the first to provide informationased on empirical data that a pre-AFL hip/groin injury issignificant predictor of missed game time in the AFL due

o hip/groin injury, particularly due to osteitis pubis or hiphondral/labral lesions. The pre-AFL period should be thecene for targeted research to investigate and identify mod-fiable risk factors for the development of hip/groin injuriesn elite junior football players.

oi:10.1016/j.jsams.2009.10.178

n the field management of head and brain injury inmateur soccer league in Swaziland

. McManus ∗, R. Phungwayo

Curtin University of Technology, CHIRI

Introduction: In recent years there has been a growingemand for youth to become more involved in sporting activ-ties aimed at preventing the spread of the HIV infectionn Swaziland. Lack of recreational activities and facilitiesere among the main reasons identified for driving the

pidemic among the youth in Swaziland [6]. As part ofddressing this initiative, the Sports Council, was mandatedo increase participation of youth in sports throughout theountry [6]. This edict has come with many challenges forhe football association as the capacity to manage the med-cal aspect of sport was not considered nor funded. Therere a number of football associations in the Swaziland rep-esenting 743 clubs (and hundreds of teams), however therere no available data on injuries, at any level of participa-ion.

Methods: A training workshop was developed and tailoredo meet the needs of the personnel managing injury in theational Football Association (NFA) of Swaziland. The over-

ll aim of the training was to increase the knowledge of injuryanagement personnel in managing head and brain injuries

n amateur soccer in Swaziland.Results: The NFA Swaziland noted that the majority of

eople attending to injuries in their country were volunteersmainly former players) with limited, if any, basic first aidraining. Injury to the head (and brain) was of greatest concerno their members. Twenty three clubs (out of a possible 25)rom the highest level football association were represented

t the one-day training course held in Swaziland in January009.

Conclusion: The NFA Swaziland endorsed the trainingourse and requested its’ continued implementation across