The Environments of the Poor: Mapping Spatial Dimensions to Improve Development Planning

8/8/2019 The Environments of the Poor: Mapping Spatial Dimensions to Improve Development Planning

1/23

@|aep


2/23

Pjh Hmuc|gmnhmpy ge pjh Vgg| cy a bhgb|avjci igmihvp cmeoxhmih` ls nams yvapcao

va|anhph|y yxij ay ph||acm/ iocnaph/ js`|gogbs/ am` vgvxoapcgm `cyp|clxpcgm- P|amyoapcmb pjcy

cmpg a Bhgb|avjci Cmeg|napcgm Ysyphn *BCY# a``y bhgb|avjci igmphzp am` cnv|guhy

ypapcypciao àpa v|hyhmpapcgm/ yvapcao àpa cmphb|apcgm am` amaosycy-

BCY cmphb|apcgm ge yxij a ignvohz igmihvp cy mgp a gmh.yc{h.ecpy.aoo avv|gaij pjgxbj- Haij

pgvci am` ypadhjgo`h| jay `ceeh|hmp `hnam`y rcpj |hba|` pg pjhnapci igmphmp am` `hpaco/

yvapcao aiix|ais/ am` ohuho ge ignv|hjhmycgm ge am` cmph|aipcgm rcpj BCY àpa am` gxpvxpy-

Cm pjh ha|os voammcmb ypabhy *ucycgmy/ yp|aphbchy/ |hbcgmao voamy am` v|gb|an# BCY gxpvxpy

v|cna|cos mhh` pg yh|uh a lhpph| |hbcgmao xm`h|ypam`cmbge l|ga`h| bhgb|avjci `cnhmycgmy

am` ayygicapcgmy- Ap pjcy ohuho/ bhmh|aoc{apcgm *p|hm`y# am` heecichmp `cyp|clxpcgm ge pjh àpa

angmb oa|bh ypadhjgo`h| b|gxvy cy ng|h cnvg|pamp pjam `hpaco- Ex|pjh| gm cm pjh voammcmb

v|gihyy *mapcgmao voamy am` v|gb|an#/ `hicycgm nadh|y am` voammcmb hzvh|py mhh` yiaoaloh

BCY pggoy pjap iam aiignngàph cmi|hayh` pjhnapci am` yvapcao `hpaco pg ac` yvapcao

v|cg|cpc{apcgm*h-b- uxomh|aloh a|hay#- Ecmaoos/ pjh huaoxapcgm ge mapcgmao cmph|uhmpcgmy am` ogiao

cmuhypnhmpy cy pjh `gnacm ge `h`ciaph` pjhnapci ng`hocmb pggoy pjap iam amyrh| uh|syvhiceci qxhypcgmy ap nazcnxn `hpaco-

Aogmb pjcy ocmh ge pjcmdcmb/ pjh vavh| cmp|g`xihy pj|hh hzanvohy pjap p|amyoaph pjh

Hmuc|gmnhmp ge pjh Vgg| igmihvp cmpg a Bhgb|avjci Cmeg|napcgm Ysyphn *Paloh 1#-

Paloh 1; Ypabhy ge *Hmuc|gmnhmpy ge pjh Vgg|# voammcmb am` ig||hyvgm`cmb BCY avv|gaijhyam` pggoy cmp|g`xih`-

Mhh` @apa Amaosycy BCY Gxpvxp Ehh`y

cmpg

\hbcgmaoxm`h|ypam`cmb

Mapcgmaoypapcypciy*auh|abhy#

Yv|ha`yjhhpiaoixoapcgmy

Pjhnapci navy/Bggboh Ija|py $Ha|pj cmph|aipcuhucyxaoc{apcgm

Ucycgm/Yp|aphbs

Yxl.|hbcgmaov|cg|cpc{apcgm

\hbcgmao am`mapcgmao yvapcaoàpayhpy gevguh|ps `|cuh|y

@apa guh|oas/I|cph|calayh` \ayph|' uhipg|abb|hbapcgm

@hocmhapcgm *nav# ge`ceeh|hmphmuc|gmnhmpy ge pjhvgg|/ a|ha am`vgvxoapcgm ypapcypciy

Voam/V|gb|an

Mapcgmaocmph|uhmpcgmam` ogiaocmuhypnhmp

@hpacoh`yxlmapcgmaoyvapcao àpayhpy

Yihma|cglayh`v|h`cipcuhng`hocmb

*Expx|h# |cyd amùxomh|alcocps navy

V|gkhip/Aipcucps/Vgocis

< Cnv|gucmb xm`h|ypam`cmb Cmph|aipcuh bhgucyxaoc{apcgm ge hmuc|gmnhmpao

vguh|ps ypapcypciy

Bhgàpal|gryh|y ngucmb lhsgm` navy


3/23

Pjh hypalocyjnhmp ge pjh cmph|mhp ay a dhs nh`cxn eg| `cbcpao cmeg|napcgm hzijambh cm pjh

1336y/ am` pjh yxlyhqxhmp `huhogvnhmp ge l|gryh| phijmgogbchy pjap iam cmph|aipcuhos

`cyvoas bhgb|avjci àpa *ada bhgàpal|gryh|y#/ jauh oh` pg a `hngi|apc{apcgm ge

bhgb|avjci cmeg|napcgm nadcmb pjhn l|gaòs auacoaloh pg pjh vxloci- Bhgàpal|gryh|y a|h

xyxaoos v|guc`h` e|hh ge ija|bh *eg| pjh xyh|# am` iam lh `cuc`h` cmpg prg nacm iaphbg|chy;

a# @hydpgv Bhgàpal|gryh|y pjap a|h cmypaooh` gm a ogiao ignvxph|- Pjhs aiihyy

bhgb|avjci àpa ls yp|hancmb pjhn `c|hipos e|gn pjh cmph|mhp g| ls `grmoga`cmb am`

ypg|cmb pjhn `c|hipos gm pjh ignvxph| *geeocmh xyh#- Hzanvohy ge yxij ypam`.aogmh

l|gryh|y a|h Bggboh Ha|pj/ MAYA Rg|o` Rcm`/ Nci|gygep Uc|pxao Ha|pj/ HY\C

A|i\ha`h|/ g| pjh H\@AY H\ Uchrh|-

l# Rhl.layh` Avvociapcgm V|gb|anncmb Cmph|eaihy *AVC# am` L|gryh| Voxb.Cmy

aoogr eg| pjh `hocuh|s ge bhgb|avjci igmphmpy `c|hipos pj|gxbj am cmph|mhp l|gryh|

yxij ay Nci|gygep Cmph|mhp Hzvog|h| g| Ng{cooa Ec|hegz/ v|aipciaoos xvb|a`cmb cp pg

lhignh a bhgàpal|gryh|- Pjhs ycnvoces pjh `cyp|clxpcgm ge bhgb|avjci àpa ls

bcucmb pjh xyh| `c|hip aiihyy pg pjh bhgb|avjci igmphmpy rcpjgxp pjh mhh` eg|

cmypaoocmb am` oha|mcmb pjh xyh ge a yhva|aph avvociapcgm gm a ogiao ignvxph| *yh|uh|.yc`h avvociapcgm#- Pjh cmphb|apcgm cmpg a ypamà|` cmph|mhp l|gryh| jgrhuh| cnvgyhy

ygnh ocncpy rcpj |hba|` pg exmipcgmaocps/ yvhh`/ am` |hqxc|hy ycbmceciampos ng|h

v|gb|anncmb ydcooy e|gn pjh BCY `huhogvh| *mgp gmos BCY am` DNO hzvh|pcyh lxp aoyg

JPNO am` `h`ciaph` AVCy#- Hzanvohy a|h pjh Bggboh Navy AVC *cmio- Bggboh Ha|pj

Voxbcm#/ Nci|gygep Uc|pxao Ha|pj AVC/ XNAYY NavYh|uh| g| HY\C A|iYh|uh|-

Haij ge pjhyh l|gryh|y yh|uh ay am cmph|eaih pg |ha` am` |hm`h| ecoh eg|napy pjap aipxaoos

igmpacm pjh bhgb|avjci igmphmp *àpa#- Rjcoh ygnh ge pjhn `c|hipos lxco` gm @hydpgv BCY

ypamà|`y yxij ay HY\C A|iBCY *Yjavhecohy/ B|c`#/ pjh bhgàpa eg|nap ngyp ignngmos xyh`

gm pjh mhp pgàs cy pjh Bggboh.cmp|g`xih` Dhsjgoh Na|dxv Oambxabh *DNO#/ rjcij jay

lhhm yvhiceciaoos `huhogvh` eg| pjh xyh rcpj vxloci bhgàpal|gryh|y |apjh| pjam amaospciao

@hydpgv BCY ygepra|h-

Rjcoh ngyp bhgàpal|gryh|y *am` @hydpgv BCY ygepra|h# iam `cyvoas DNO àpa/ Bggboh jay

v|aipciaoos lxcop cpy Bggboh Ha|pj l|gryh| a|gxm` pjh oambxabh- Pjap nadhy cp hays eg|

`huhogvh|y pg v|hva|h ig||hyvgm`cmb igmphmpy/ am` pjh cmpxcpcuh xyh| cmph|eaih ge Bggboh

Ha|pj ycnvocechy pjh l|grycmb hzvh|chmih- Pgbhpjh| rcpj Bggbohy gnmcv|hyhmih cm pjh

cmph|mhp/ pjcy jay jhovh` pg qxcidos hypalocyj a oa|bh ignnxmcps ge xyh|y ay rhoo ay

igmp|clxpg|y hyyhmpcao eg| pjh ogmb ph|n yxiihyy ge a va|pcixoa| phijmgogbs- Ay a |hyxop/

DNO jay qxcidos lhignh pjh qxayc.ypamà|` eg| yja|cmb bhgàpa pj|gxbj pjh cmph|mhp-

@huhogvcmb am` `cyp|clxpcmb yxij bhgàpal|gryh| avvociapcgmy jay a ehr cmph|hypcmb

aùampabhy guh| ioayyci pjhnapci navy- Ec|ypos/ pjhs v|guc`h pjh xyh| rcpj ixypgnc{apcgm

gvpcgmy pjap iam cnv|guh xm`h|ypam`cmb am` |higbmcpcgm ge bhgb|avjci igmphmpy/ ignva|h`

pg ypapci navy rjh|h pjh BCY `huhogvh| jay pg ia|hexoos yigvh gxp lheg|hjam` rjap

va|pcixoa| a|ha am` ohuho ge `hpaco pjh xyh| |hqxc|hy- Yhigm`/ lgpj `hydpgv am` rhl.layh`

bhgàpal|gryh|y iam ehpij pjh àpa e|gn a |hngph yh|uh|/ aoogrcmb eg| ycnvoh am` cmypamp

*yh|uh|.yc`h# xvàphy pjap hmyx|h huh|s xyh| bhpy pjh oaphyp cmeg|napcgm- A ypapci nav gm pjh

igmp|a|s/ va|pcixoa|os ce cmiox`h` cm v|cmph` |hvg|py/ iamp lh xvàph` huhm ce mhrh| cmeg|napcgm

jay ao|ha`s lhignh auacoaloh/ am` gephm yhuh|ao uh|ycgmy ncbjp lh ic|ixoapcmb ap pjh yanh

pcnh-


4/23

Bhgb|avjci v|hyhmpapcgm ge ypapcypciao igmphmpy

Bhgàpal|gryh|y p|a`cpcgmaoos jauh pjhc| yp|hmbpj cm `cyp|clxpcmb |ar bhgb|avjci àpa *h-b-

yaphoocph cnabh ngyaciy/ ph||acm navy# am` layci a`ncmcyp|apcuh am` cme|ayp|xipx|ao igmphmpy

*h-b- lg|`h|y/ |ga`y/ nakg| pgrmy#- Ng|h `hpacoh` pjhnapci cmeg|napcgm ocdh `ceeh|hmp

vgvxoapcgm am` hmuc|gmnhmpao vguh|ps ypapcypciy cy lhpph| `cyvoash` pj|gxbj a ignlcmapcgmge bhgb|avjci ogiapcgm am` ija|py- Pjh ig||hyvgm`cmb ysnlgogbs jgrhuh| |hqxc|hy ng|h

ygvjcypciaph` ixypgnc{apcgm gvpcgmy pjam ngyp bhgàpal|gryh|y yxvvg|p/ am` jhmih jay

oa|bhos |hnacmh` a `gnacm ge ypam`.aogmh navy i|haph` ls `hydpgv BCY-

Cm g|`h| pg ignlcmh pjh aùampabhy ge cmph|aipcuh bhgàpal|gryh|y am` `hpacoh` pjhnapci

nav ysnlgogbs/ Pjh Hmuc|gmnhmpy ge pjh Vgg| v|gkhip jay `huhogvh` prg cmph|aipcuh

bhgàpal|gryh| avvociapcgmy *`hydpgv am` rhl.layh`# pjap ignlcmh cmph|aipcuh navy rcpj

ija|p ysnlgogbchy- Pjh avvociapcgmy rh|h lxcop e|gn a ignlcmapcgm ge egx| *`hydpgv# am` ecuh

*rhl.layh`# ignvgmhmpy/ |hyvhipcuhos *Ecbx|h 1#;

Yv|ha`yjhhp ygepra|h; ocdh Nci|gygep Hziho cy xyh` pg g|bamc{h pjh Hmuc|gmnhmp gepjh Vgg| ypapcypciao àpa-

Bhgb|avjci Cmeg|napcgm Ysyphn *BCY#; bhmh|aphy pjh bhgb|avjci vgcmp igg|`cmaphy

eg| pjh pjhnapci nav *h-b- igxmp|s vgosbgm ihmp|gc` g| aoph|mapcuhos pjh mapcgmao

iavcpao#

Bggboh Ija|py AVC; v|guc`hy am cmph|eaih pg bhmh|aph yhuh|ao `ceeh|hmp psvhy ge

ija|py cmiox`cmb ixypgnc{aloh igog|/ oalho am` ohbhm` eg|nappcmb- Pjh ig||hyvgm`cmb

àpa a|h pjh ypapcypciao àpa igoohiph` ls pjh Hmuc|gmnhmpy ge pjh Vgg| v|gkhip- Pjh

ija|p ysnlgo bhmh|aph` ls pjh Ija|py AVC |hvoaihy pjh ypamà|` nav ysnlgo cm pjh

DNO ecoh-

Dhsjgoh Na|dxv Oambxabh *DNO#; cy xyh` pg nav gxp pjh bhgb|avjci ogiapcgmy am`

appaij pjh ija|p ysnlgo pg cp *yhh Bggboh Ija|py AVC#- Cm`cuc`xao DNO ecohy *gmh eg|

haij pjhnapci oash|# rh|h pjhm hnlh``h` cmpg a DNO ego`h| yp|xipx|h- Pjcy DNO

ego`h| ecoh cy pjh v|cna|s cmvxp cmpg pjh Bggboh Ha|pj l|gryh|-

Bggboh Navy AVC; cy xyh` pg i|haph a rhl.layh` cmph|eaih pg pjh Hmuc|gmnhmp ge pjh

Vgg| àpa `c|hipos pj|gxbj pjh cmph|mhp- Pjh ycph aoyg ocmdy pg pjh DNO ego`h| ecoh eg|

`grmoga`-


5/23

Ecbx|h 1; @huhogvnhmp ge a `hydpgv am` a rhl.layh` bhg`apal|gryh| eg| Hmuc|gmnhmp gepjh Vgg| ypapcypciy/ layh` gm e|hhos auacoaloh Bggboh avvociapcgmy-

Ix||hmpos/ lgpj pjh Bggboh Ha|pj *Ecbx|h


6/23

Ecbx|h


7/23

Ecbx|h 9; Rhl.layh`/ cmph|aipcuh Bggboh Navy Bhgàpal|gryh| `cyvoascmb HGV àpa ayvch ija|py xycmb a ignlcmapcgm ge JPNO/ KauaYi|cvp/ DNO/ Bggboh Ija|py AVC/ Bggboh NavyAVC am` pjh Bggboh Ha|pj Voxbcm-

Ecbx|h 0; Iocidcmb gm a vch ija|p |hpx|my am hmoa|bh` uh|ycgm rcpj oalhoy am` ohbhm` *lgpjBggboh Navy am` Bggboh Ha|pj Voxbcm ng`h#-

9 A``cmb dmgroh`bh Bhgb|avjci `hocmhapcgm am` yvapcao `cyabb|hbapcgm gevguh|ps hmuc|gmnhmpy

Cmph|aipcuh bhgucyxaoc{apcgm ge ypapcypciao àpa e|gn ocph|apx|h |hyha|ij am` hzvh|p gvcmcgmy cy

a i|cpciao ec|yp yphv pgra|`y a lhpph| xm`h|ypam`cmb ge yvapcao ayygicapcgmy- Cp aoyg v|guc`hy

haych| aiihyy pg pjh àpa cpyhoe pj|gxbj rhl.layh` `cyp|clxpcgm-

Bhgucyxaoc{apcgm/ jgrhuh|/ cy gmos gmh yphv *mg|naoos pjh oayp# cm a BCY rg|deogr- Va|pcixoa|os

eg| cmp|cmyciaoos bhgb|avjci igmihvpy yxij ay pjh Hmuc|gmnhmpy ge pjh Vgg|/ a BCY iam am`

yjgxo` lh xyh` ay am amaospciao pggo pg igmp|clxph pg pjh bhmh|apcgm ge va|py g| aoo ge pjh

`hyc|h` ypapcypciao àpa exmipcgmaocps pjap gmos a @hydpgv BCY iam v|guc`h- Pjh egoogrcmb

yhipcgm hzvoacmy yxij am avvociapcgm-

Yvapcao @cnhmycgmy ge pjh Hmuc|gmnhmpy ge pjh Vgg|

Pjh p|amyoapcgm ge pjh Hmuc|gmnhmpy ge pjh Vgg| cmpg a BCY nav ypa|py rcpj c`hmpcescmb pjh

bhgb|avjci |heh|hmihy igmpacmh` cm pjh igmihvp- Prg `cypcmip bhgb|avjci |heh|hmihy iam lh

c`hmpcech`; 1# 06 igxmp|chy cm pjh Ayca am` Vaiceci \hbcgm/ am`


8/23

bhgb|avjciaoos hzvocicp vguh|ps `|cuh|/ manhos `|soam` vguh|ps/ xvoam` vguh|ps/ eogg` aeehiph`

rhpoam` vguh|ps/ igaypao vguh|ps/ am` yoxn vguh|ps-

Pjh 06 igxmp|chy a|h pjh ycnvohyp eg|n ge bhgb|avjci |heh|hmih/ rcpj a ioha|os `hecmh`

bhgb|avjci ohuho ge yvapcao `cyabb|hbapcgm- Pjcy |heh|hmih/ pgbhpjh| rcpj ypapcypciao layh

cmeg|napcgm/ ray xyh` ay a layh eg| pjh cmph|aipcuh bhgb|avjci l|grycmb pggo cmp|g`xih` cmpjh v|hucgxy ijavph|- Pjh ecuh hmuc|gmnhmpao vguh|ps iaphbg|chy/ cm ignva|cygm/ a|h `hecmh`

ls mgm.a`ncmcyp|apcuh bhgb|avjci eaipg|y/ cmp|g`xicmb eohzclcocps ge yiaoh am` |ggn eg| yvapcao

`cyabb|hbapcgm lhsgm` pjh mapcgmao ohuho- Pjh Hmuc|gmnhmp ge pjh Vgg| |hvg|p `hecmhy pjhn

ay egoogry ay egoogry;

@|s.oam` vgg| a|h pjgyh ocucmb cm a|c` am` `hyh|p oam` T`|soam`^ a|hay T^ cmiox`cmb

`hyh|p a|hay cm mg|pjh|m Ayca/ hyvhicaoos Ijcma/ Vadcypam/ Ihmp|ao Ayca/ am` mg|pjh|m

Cm`ca4 `hb|a`h`/ yaocmc{h`/ am` `|s oam` *ygnh iaxyh` ls `hyh|pceciapcgm#4

Xvoam` vgg| a|h pjgyh ocucmb cm xvoam` a|hay Tpjap a|h^ ngxmpacmgxy/ |hngph/

eg|hyph` Tam`^ cmjalcph` ls ynaoo.yiaoh ea|nh|y am` ngxmpacm vhgvoh4 `heg|hypapcgm

Tam` gpjh| oam` igmuh|ycgm ' `hb|aàpcgm v|gihyyhy igmp|clxph pg vguh|ps v|hyyx|h^4

Igaypao vgg| a|h pjgyh ocucmb a`kaihmp pg igaypy am` `hvhm`hmp xvgm igaypao am`'g|

na|cmh |hygx|ihy T^ aeehiph` ls `hb|a`h` ecyj ypgidy *psvciaoos rcpjcm ecuh

dcognhph|y ge pjh yha# am` a|hay eogg`h` `xh iocnaph ijambh *yxij ay Lamboa`hyj/

am` pjh Vaiceci Cyoam`y#4 a|hay e|hqxhmpos yxlkhip pg eogg`y am` mapx|ao `cyayph|y94

Eogg`.aeehiph` rhpoam` vgg| a|h pjgyh cm rhpoam` a|hay rjg a|h T^ hzvh|chmicmb

e|hqxhmp eogg`cmb *yxij ay cm pjh Nhdgmb am` Bambhy `hopa/ g| a|gxm` pjh Shoogr

|cuh|#0 T^4 am`

Yoxn vgg| a|h pjgyh ocucmb cm yxlypamà|` Tx|lam^ yhppohnhmpy rcpj jcbj hzvgyx|h pg

x|lam vgooxpampy-

P|amyoapcgm cmpg a yvapcao avvociapcgm

Eg| haij ge pjhyh iaphbg|chy am` xm`h|oscmb hmuc|gmnhmpao va|anhph|y/ a bhgb|avjciaoos

hzvocicp àpayhp *>BCY oash|# jay pg lh egxm`- Ex|pjh|ng|h/ pg lh yxcpaloh eg| `huhogvcmb a

igmygocàph` HGV iaphbg|s oash| e|gn pjhn/ haij cm`cuc`xao oash| jay pg exoecoo layci

ignvapclcocps i|cph|ca cmiox`cmb a# iguh|abh ge pjh hmpc|h ypx`s a|ha/ l# igmycyphmp pjhnapci

aiix|ais ai|gyy pjh ypx`s a|ha/ am` i# ignva|aloh yiaoh ' yvapcao |hygoxpcgm- Aoyg/ haij BCY

oash| yjgxo` lh auacoaloh eg| e|hh g| ap ogr igyp/ am` lh igmpcmxgxyos xvàph` ls pjh àpa

v|g`xih| pg hmyx|h pjh avv|gaij iam haycos lh |hvociaph` oaph|-

Egoogrcmb pjgyh ignvapclcocps bxc`hocmhy va|pcixoa| eg| yxij a oa|bh ypx`s a|ha ay Ayca am`pjh Vaiceci mapx|aoos ocncpy pjh gvpcgmy gm BCY oash|y yxcpaloh eg| yxij am ayyhyynhmp- Eg| a

ec|yp avv|gzcnapcgm ge pjh hzphmp ge pjh hmuc|gmnhmp ge pjh vgg| iaphbg|chy/ ecuh BCY oash|y

rh|h c`hmpcech` pjap a|h iguh|cmb dhs bhgb|avjci `|cuh|y ap yxeecichmp pjhnapci am` yvapcao

aiix|ais *Paloh


9/23

Paloh


10/23

Paloh 9; \ayph| v|gihyycmb yphvy pg v|hva|h pjh cm`cuc`xao BCY oash|y eg| ex|pjh| amaosycy-

HGVIaphbg|s

@apayhpxyh`

V|gvh|pchy V|gihyycmb yphvy

' Oam`Yiam


11/23

Paloh 0; I|cph|ca xyh` pg hzp|aip vguh|ps |hohuamp uaoxhy e|gn pjh BCY oash|y-

HGVIaphbg|s

@apayhp xyh` Pgpao uaoxh |ambh ge `apayhp Uaoxh |ambh xyh` pg`hecmh HGV iaphbg|s

@|soam` EAG A|c`cpsCm`hz *AC#

AC ? 6-68 > Jsvh|a|c`6-68 ? AC ? 6- A|c`

6- Yhnc.A|c`6-86 ? AC ? 6-58 > @|s yxl.jxnc`

AC ?> 6-86

Xvoam` Y\PN96 @cbcpaoHohuapcgm Ng`ho

1 pg ::0: nhph| hohuapcgm alguh yhaohuho

Hohuapcgm => 566nalguh yha ohuho

Igaypao Igaypocmh@cypamih

6 pg 6-018*hqxaoy ?> 86dn#

Rhpoam` Boglao Oadhyam` Rhpoam`@apalayh

1 > Oadh< > \hyh|ugc|9 > \cuh|0 > E|hyjraph| Na|yj/ Eogg`voacm8 > Yranv Eg|hyp/ Eogg`h` Eg|hyp

5 > Igaypao Rhpoam` *cmio- Namb|guh/Hypxa|s/ @hopa/ Oabggm#2 > Vam/ L|aidcyj'Yaocmh Rhpoam`: > Lgb/ Ehm/ Nc|h *Vhapoam`#3 > Cmph|ncpphmp Rhpoam`'Oadh16 > 86.166( Rhpoam`11 > Rhpoam` Ignvohz *6. X|lam Ioayy 19

Rg|dcmb rcpj {gmao ypapcypciy

Aeph| hzp|aipcmb pjh vguh|ps.|hohuamp e|aipcgmy e|gn pjh BCY oash|y/ pjhs rh|h abb|hbaph` cmpg

gmh kgcmp BCY oash| xycmb pjh egoogrcmb g|`h|; 1# X|lam/


13/23

Paloh 8; Hzanvoh ge BCY layh` {gmao ypapcypciy e|gn HGV BCY oash| am` vgvxoapcgm`cyp|clxpcgm |ayph|; Vgvxoapcgm cm ygicg.higmgnci |hbcgmy cm Uchp Man/ ls HGI iaphbg|s- ABCY oash| ge pjh Hmuc|gmnhmpy ge pjh Vgg| aoogry eg| `cyabb|hbapcgm lhogr pjh mapcgmao ohuho/eaicocpapcmb pjh c`hmpceciapcgm ge pa|bhp a|hay eg| cmph|uhmpcgmy-

UchpMan VgvxoapcgmcmHGVIaphbg|s*hzV|gVgg|B|grpjA|ha#

YgicgHigmgnci\hbcgm X|lam Rhpoam` Igaypao Xvoam` PgpaoVgvxoapcgm

Mg|pjHayp 01


14/23

*ap ynaoo |hbcgmao hzphm`# e|anhrg|d/ rjcij cy am aàvpapcgm ecp eg| oam` xyh ijambh

amaosycy ap a |hbcgmao yiaoh-

Payd ge pjh ng`ho cy pg v|gihyyhy am` amaosyh a |ambh ge yvapcao àpa am` mgm.yvapcaova|anhph|y am` i|cph|ca pg v|guc`h a yvapcaoos hzvocicp hypcnaph ge mha|.expx|h oam` xyh

ijambhy- Pg `g yg/ pjh IOXH.y e|anhrg|d rg|dy rcpj egx| dmgroh`bh ignvgmhmpy *Ecbx|h2#;

a# Oam` xyh |hqxc|hnhmpy; v|gkhiph` oam` `hnam` cm pjh expx|h/ |hyha|ijh` e|gn vaypyhipg| `huhogvnhmp p|hm`y am` mapcgmao pa|bhpy/

l# Oam` xyh psvh yvhiceci igmuh|ycgm yhppcmby; a nap|cz pjap c`hmpcechy psvciao oamìgmuh|ycgm yhqxhmihy/

i# Yvapcao vgocichy am` |hyp|cipcgmy; c`hmpcescmb a|hay pjap a|h |hyp|ciph` eg| expx|h oamìgmuh|ycgm/ yxij ay v|gphiph` a|hay/ lxp aoyg a|ns oam` g| oam` ao|ha`s aoogiaph` pgv|cuaph yhipg| cmuhypnhmpy/ am`

`# Ogiapcgm ija|aiph|cypciy; a yhp ge xm`h|oscmb hzvoamapg|s oash|y rjcij yp|gmb

ayygicapcgmy pg cm`cuc`xao oam` xyh psvhy-

Rjcoh pjh ec|yp lgpj a|h mgm.yvapcao qxaocpapcuh ignvgmhmpy l|gaòs `hecmcmb pjh`huhogvnhmp p|hm`y cm pjh pa|bhp |hbcgm/ pjh oapph| a|h ogiapcgm yvhiceci ignvgmhmpy pjapv|guc`h pjh qxampcpapcuh `cnhmycgm ge pjh ng`ho am` pjh mhihyya|s yvapcao ig||hoapcgmy-Layh` gm pjhyh cmvxpy/ pjh oam` xyh ijambh aoogiapcgm v|gih`x|h iaoixoaphy a expx|h oam`xyh nav-

Ecbx|h 2; Exmipcgmao ija|p ge pjh IOXH.y e|anhrg|d-


16/23

Ecbx|h :; Cmvxp oam` iguh| ' xyh ge


17/23

`huhogvnhmp am` ayyxncmb pjap yvapcao |hyp|cipcgmy `hyvcph hzcypcmb a|h mgp hmeg|ih`

heecichmpos- Ay am aoph|mapcuh/ am hmuc|gmnhmpaoos am` ygicaoos laoamih` yihma|cg vxpy

hnvjaycy gm ogrh|cmb ab|cixopx|ao oam` `hnam` pj|gxbj v|g`xipcucps hmjamihnhmp

nhayx|hy- Cp aoyg cmph|maoc{hy `hnam` cm hmuc|gmnhmpao am` ygicao yh|ucihy eg| higmgnci

pggoy yxij ay higpgx|cyn am` VHY'\H@@ *h-b- v|gphiph` a|hay/ lcg`cuh|ycps ig||c`g|y#-

Pjcy cmeg|napcgm ray xyh` pg igmecbx|h am` |xm pjh IOXH.y ng`ho- V|gkhiph` oam`

igmuh|ycgm *lxycmhyy ay xyxao yihma|cg# xmpco


18/23

Ecbx|h 11; IOXH.y gxpvxp; A|hay v|gkhiph` pg lh igmuh|ph` xmpco


19/23

\heh|hmihy

A@L *


20/23

Avvhm`cz 1

Ecbx|h 1


23/23

Documents

The Environments of the Poor: Mapping Spatial Dimensions to Improve Development Planning