1
~ Terms of the Richmond Enquirer. rft- Hie Enquirer Is published DAILY *nd SLMI- lvffiKI.Y. For Die Daily P»P«, seven dollar* per an- Jin, ,nd ai the rate of eiKhc dollar. 'H^en for a .bo.l; rr iw-riod than one year. tor the Senii-Weekl}, five dollars per annum, and Three Dollars fo' ,ix b' payable In advance, to be paid «a lA* office, or remittt C by mail. po»t paid; or Si* Dollars per annum at the ond of lb»Cr "if dues to this office may be re-miued mall, ln%rt and available Ran* notes, at theofthii Mi- tor; Ike )of a:l letters bene paid b* the (The (KXtafe of a slnfle UUer Is .carcelr "f_»«yac«°unt to the writer. It L the accumulation of . extensive bu.lnew, which operates as a serious Ulx « k>b the Kdiror.^ ^ ADVERTI9ING. IN THE DAILY BNQI IKER-F«.r onewjutw.of lines or less, first insertion, fifty cent*. 8n« ew^succeed^ng inserts twenty.fiye ccut.-h in^rt- «.l nhce a week, twice a week, or three timet a wwk, 'b!\nbuid'adveriise'r's'are'charged fifty dollar, for thirty lines an 1 in t.'.at pr..p.Mt.on to- advertisement, or a creaier lencth.eicei* Lottery Vender* and Auction¬ eer*! wiilf arc chared ono hundred dollars, (paper ln- ^N^-HE SEMI-WEEKLY.One square of .ixteon lines, or less, first lnsertiou, 75 ceutsj for each continu- ""ordMi'iVom a distance must be accompanied with the advance pay, or satisfactory references, to Insure wecu- " All Obituariu and JlfaTriages from the country, whi-never tbe party's hand-writing Is unknown atthi. Office. mu»t lie auibeniicati-d by the endor»ation of the Po»tnia«ter In the neighborhood, or they will in no case be published. Every measure, that ha» been taken to i.revrot imposition* and quizzes, has proved heretofore unavailing- We must, theretore, insist, la »uch a case, upon the communication belni; certified by tb« name of the Postmaster, vriutn on tke bark of ikt t-"~ POETRY. THE PARTING LOOK. We parted.cold and worldly eyes Upon that parting (si), And bravely we kept back our sigh*, And calmly said "Farewell." But there are looks, we learned ofLove, That none but Love can read; And, like the fl.i»h from cloud to cloud, From heart to heart they speed. Calm, as it ne'er had breathed a vow, Thy rich voicc faltered not; Serene as heaven thy princely brow, As Love were all forgot! Yet, in one eager glance, thy soul, On wings of light to mine, In wild and passionate sorrow, stole, And whispered words divite! Heaven's blessing on that royal heart, That thus can lavish feeling! Love's best -guide, and friendship's stay. Trust, to innocence was given; Tin dou tit that paves the downward way, But trust unlocks the gates of heaven. Trust! trust! sweet lady, trust! " TOUCH US GENTLY, TIME." RY BARRY CORNWALL. This !-e;nitiful prayer must have been breathed bv 3.irrv Cornwall's heart, while sitting at hi* qiiiel fire-side, looking in the face ol hii sweat wife, and roc-king the cradle o( his "goklen-trcsMd Adelaide:" Touch us gently, Time: Let us glide down thy stream Gently.a>>we sometimes ^lide Through a cjuiet dream ! Humble \*oyager* are we, Husband, wife, and children three ! One is lost.an angel lied To the azure overhead Touch us gently, Time: We've not proud nor soaring wings; Our ambition, our content, Lie* in little things. Humble voyages are we O'er life's dim, unsounded sea, Seeking only some calm clime. Touch us gently, senile Time! MARRIED, On the iJlth Dec'r, by the Rev. Thomas Dur- liat.i, Mr. Charles II. Boi:chto.v to Miss J ilia Bb.i if kk, bolh o( the county of Essex. .¦Peace be around thee wherever thou rovest, May life be lor thee one Summer's day, An ' all tiiat thou wishest, and all that thou lovest, Come smiling around thy sunny way!" Married, on Tuesday, the 17th Dec., at Aspen Grove, Louisa county, Va., by the Rev. James Powell, James S. Dickinson, of Alabama, to Miss Mary F., daughter of Charles Dickinson, E*j. Married, on the 23d Dec'r, by Elder Thomas Ijinford, Mr. Jesse F. Ci.arkr, to Miss Barak Elizabeth Crctchvield, alt of Henrico county. DEATHS. Died, suddenly, on the 25;h of October, 1B4-J, in the county of Powhatan, Mr. Alexander Jordan, about thirty-eight years of age. How true it i<, ihat, "in the midst of life we are in death !" How adorably dark are the wavs of an all-wise Providence! He treasures up his bright designs and works his sovereign will. The subject of this obituary, and melancholy Provi¬ dence, was, on the morning of the day of his death, in the field, attending to his farm.and, alas! be- Jore five in the evening, he was numbered with the dead. Mr. Jordan was an amiable, modest, quiet, unobtrusive man.as a husband, fond and tender, and untiring in his attentions to his chil¬ dren.as a master, he was just and equal, kind and forbearing. His neighbors loved and respcct- f'l him, and have sincere cause to mourn over his removal. May Heaven's blessing rest upon hiv two orphan children and all his relatives and lnends. C. R. F. Departed this life on the 15th December, at her rt-sidcnce in the county of Brunswick, Mrs. Ma- >:v L. Atkinson, the consort of John P. Atkin- s.'n> 1*!l(l-. in the 38th year of her age, after an i.liicss o( several weeks, which she bore with that M-cekness and submission which had character- '>or pi on? life. Early in life she had con¬ noted herself with the Methodist Episcopal fcuich, ot which, to her death, she was a re¬ spected and honored member. She died in the fiumph of faith, and, doubtless, now rests in .i husband, three children, and ]0N'S "" utc'e cf friends to lament their irreparable HHir.v°nt!ltf ^^'cmber, at his residence ia Eso noerl C'»m'' '!"inia> Beverley Borim, man in ,i ^rs' 1 "e deceased was a gcntle- }¦l the '* ^'nse °f the term, and died of U'C Methodist Episcopal his walk ,uany years at,orneJ by f*jtic*hi .> n i r .Ve'^t,uni an(l 1,ow> "Having ;,n.r,-iT ''aving finished his course him T rrml-'i r *;nce^or,h there is laid up for the ri»L ' °' righteousness, which the Lord, and noi'i ,°ir f ?hal1 °ive hi,n at "'at day, 1 v . ii' 1 oa v*' Jt 111110 those alao who luve Jus appearing." Communicated. r»»i a* ReatVs Domes. over th» f$<rSj h°w painful ft is to look 'he deaths of our friends. Mln, ,.»i , , ' >uc oi our menus. even-. * ?rL y re%c"'ons are produced by such tlie -.H.'r,^ -.- h0* strikingly are we reminded of ¦' What shadows we are!" These "uv fuiuimouun virctvs ur hi- wi V as his family and his friends. "w :r;?V^kttltobJ'^ country as one of rdh- -l0 , s> 'las heen so suddenly, so unexpect- .n<i V ul . Prei»aturely summoned to another . (oh it is hopc.1 a) better world than this. It the^1#- l'es.'Sn the humble pen that traces lie h ,ee^''e,hnes to attempt an eulogy on the dead; j no;hing to offer to the heart-stricken liv- .in\/i'0,noi^,D«7~but he hopes and believes that! on i . Vl5c Providence will bestow its blessings Wen as,icted widow and fatherless children.. poet.^exclaim in ,he language of the ^'nlglu no'an 'l0l,r the day nor sleeping But iaia, with tKe. whispers of thy name, {K, { er lbrh sleeps beneath the moon, taje fcf ihee " ^ does not tel1 Taylor, thou 1rt g0ne The to to thw; biKthou, oh! thou canst v° ®}9, "eaee- P^ce to thy memory, moclr^ Dec, VI, p/ THE ENQUIRER. l^chinoiidj^Janiiary 3. VIRGINIA SENATOR. How much truth is there in the old saying, that one must go from home to learn news of his own affairs! We have never seen this axiom better exemplified than by the following positive article in the N. York Express. Heie, at Richmond, the very theatre of action, both parties are alike at fault as to the result of the Senatorial elec¬ tion this winter, should said election take place. We do not appreciate the peculiar force ol the language of the Express, "a handsome majority of Whig members elected last Spring; but this we know, that the two parties are, confessedly, so nearly balanced, at present, that the action of a single individual may cause Republican Virgi¬ nia lobe grossly misrepresented by a Federalist, thereby defeating the great measures which Vir¬ ginia and the whole Union have recently com¬ manded to be carried out; or may fulfil the ar¬ dent wishes of our people, as expressed at the polls by 6,000 majority, by sending to the Senate a sound Republican, whose vote would throw the weight ol the scale on the side of the new Presi- dent, and enable hiin to consummate those vital questions which were solemnly sanctioned by the American people.AH here is uncertainty and doubt. One day we hear that gentlemen me*n to execute the clearly expressed wishes of their counties.the next, the story is entirely reversed, i so itiat it will require a more prophetic vision than is possessed by any one whom we know, to predict with safety the issue of the canvass.. But the sapient Editor of the Express, in the City of New Yotlc, comes forward to cut theGor- dian knot, and points to Mr. Rives as "the only Senator whom the Whigs thissessioumn elect, if they can elect any one." Now the converse of the pioposition is generally conceded to be true. The only thing that can be said to be certainly known in the whole matter, is that Mr. Rives 1 cannot be elected this Winter. Nearly every one admits that he is not the man for the present erisis. We protest against the poverty of the compliment paid to Mr. Rives by the Express. If by "sound constitutional principles" the Editor means to de- fine the Federal heresies of the modern Whig School, we can give Mr. R. a diploma for his ex¬ traordinary aptness and celerity in learning his new catechism. Never have we known a mai exhibit more facility in blotting from his me- mory the cardinal doctrines of strict and safe .. received from the lips ol ' and in imbibing thesub- the sweeping doctrines of »-s Mr. Rives as a "fife nore inappropriate"?. such "impenetrable .* ambition and of pas- mly upon the rock of ainly beating about ze upon some float- .self to be a Virginia ime-tried principles, and once exalted w saffer the keen mor- .ame bandied about in principles questioned, his iflnence vanished. But as illed forever. The party, arilv acts, have lost confi¬ dence in him.and the Democrats, who have tried hiin over and over, have "weighed him in the balance, and found him wanting." Neither party desire to trust their destinies in the hands of such a very "safe" politician, lie is not "safe" lor himself.how could he be "safe" for a great par- ty 1 "The Election of a Senator from Virginia.. The Legislature of Virginia re-assemble in Ja- nunry. and will, no doubt, then make some effort to elect a Senator in Congress to fill the vacancy occurring on the 4th of March. The people of Virginia elected a handsome majority of Whig members of Assembly.but the Locos have the Senate, and give out, that they will not go into joint ballot, unless they can carry their man.. Once in this joint ballot, tiic Whigs could elect Mr. Rives; and. in Virginia, they will take some responsibility who refuse to «o into joint bal¬ lot, and who thus leave 4.h- »r>W«t>roc<»ntpd. " Mr. Rives is the only Senator whom the Whiirs this session can elect, if they can elect any one; and we think, therefore, it would In? well for the Whig party to unite on him. In the present critical position of the United States Se¬ nate, it is a matter of so much importance to secure a conservative majority there, that minor diflereuces of opiuion should be overlooked.. Mr. Rives learns sound constitutional principles slowly, it is true, but he is a safe man, and in tne«c times* it is every thing to have a safe man in the Senate. ' It is needless to dwell upon the importance of having a majority in the Senate, when wars, trea¬ ties, tariffs and the currency so much depend on it. The Senate is now the only hopeol safe govem- ment for the Republic." On this subject, we shall to-morrow publish a powerful letter addressed to a friend by L. J. Bowden, Esq., Delegate from Williamsburg, in which he delinks his position, and puts in the strongest light the outrage that would be comrait- ted oh Virginia by the election of a Federal Se- i nator, in the face of so many eloqnent facts. WHAT NEXT? The Richmond Whig, in its fiery crusade against the foreigners who come to our shores to avoid the petty tyrants of Europe anJ to devote all their talents and industry (and in many in¬ stances their precious gold) to the advancement ami prosperity of their new asylum in a free land, took especial pleasure in hunting up evi¬ dence of overt acts on the part ol the German States for the landing among us all the paupers and criminals in their borders. This was brought forward as a leading argument, why the people of the United Stales should violate the spirit of our free Constitution, and give a vital stab to their past tjlorious history, by the adoption of the ultra tuea- sures of that Whig organ, amounting to a com- plete exclusion from our shores of the oppressed of all nations. What foreigner would come to America, if he Mere to labor forever in the sup¬ port of a Government, and still tie eternally de¬ barred from expressing his opinions as to the manner in which that Government should be ad- ministered ? The ibllowing article from the Baltimore Sun (Neutral) wrests the sweet morsel from the lips of our Federal neighbor. He must go to work, and find out some new lever to put down the as- pi rations for liberty, which our suffering brethren across the water ma)' dare to indulge : "Immigration or Palters and Criminals.. Several articles have lately appeared in the pub- lie press, to the effect that the German States were ridding themselves of the paupers and criminals, by sending them to this couutry, and that several such importations had already come over. The New York Express says, that'Mr. Leopold Bier- with, an officer of the German Society of that city, understanding that these stories originated from an American Consul, in Germany, who has communicated it officially to his Government, wrote to the Secretary of State, for information on the subject, and was informed that no such com¬ munication had been made, thus proving the falsi¬ ty of the rumor, and exonerating the German States from so gross a charge." P. S. Since writing the above, we have seen a later number of the Sun, which quotes the Na- tional Intelligencer as saving, that "a letter was addressed by Consul List to this Government, not through the Department of State, but through the Department of the Treasury, from which letter the charge alluded to is taken. It is dated at the Consulate of the United States at Leip- sjc, March 8, 1S37, and is addressed to the Hon. Levi Woodbury, Secretary of the Treasury.". This correction does not, in our humble opinion, materially afiect the above statement. If these paupers and criminals had been emptied on our shores eight years ago, why have we not heard of the outrage before 1 Whv has the thonder ol the Whig press slumbered, 'till alter the defeat of Henry Clay by these "vile foreigners V' J^rThe Romney Gazette has anticipated our enquiry. It is true, (is it not?) that the Fedcral- ists of Hardy, who can look down all opposition in their own county, are casting the shadow of their influence upon Hampshire. The spurious deeds, as made bv the Hardy people, are stamped on their face with frauds. We call upon the Editor to give us the details. a copy of the deeds.their number.names ef par- ties, ic., &c. If there be any question on which the people ought to be informed, this is precisely the question. Instructions to the Missouri Senators..A series of resolutions instructing the Senators from Missouri to vote for the immediate annexation of Texas to the U. States, has passed both branches of the Legislature of that State. Death op Hon. W! W. Southoate..We learn from the Cincinnati papers thai the Hon. W. W. Sou thgate. for several years a member of Con¬ gress from Kentucky, died at his residence in Covington on Friday night hist. the nondescript. W e have finally dclermined to lay before our readers the following production of a Nondescript Politician. It is impossible to specify the various phases of his political creed, without some sur¬ prise. For example.He voted for Polk.is against Clay, an old-farhioncd National Bank, but for a new-fangled institution, on a peculiai principle, and is against Rives and Lyons (as a Senator.) On the oilier side of the medal, for a protective Tariff) for Distribution, for Botts as Senator, for Garnelt as Delegate.. He goes for Texas, for which we sincerely thank him. That predilection covers a multitude, (we will not say of transgressions, but) of minor diffidences of opinion. Our friend, the Constitu¬ ent of Essex, is a man of talent, which would en¬ title him to weight, but for the eccentricity of his opinions. How any man, who goes for Texas, and against the former Bank, could go for I\lr. Botts, is of itself one of those mysteries which require a greater CEdipus than ourselves to un¬ ravel. For the Enquirer. Polkvjlle, Dec. 10, IRll. Mr. Muscat Ij. Garnctl (Delegate from the coun¬ ty nf Esse* ':) Dear Sir:.The Governor's Message that you have been so good as to forward to me has been received, for which accept my thanks. The Enquirer of the 6th instant, which I by some means missed, would have been more acceptable, as I received the Message in the Whig at the same time. Iam peculiar in my political senti¬ ments; consequently cannot go the partizan with either Whig or Democrat, but cm free to confess, that my partialities for the last two years incline strongly towards the Whigs, believing, as I do, that as a party they are more elevated in senti¬ ment, disinterested in conduct, and much more liberal in their social relations than the Locos. I go with Whigs in regard to a discriminating Protective Tariff, bccatisc a portion of the duties arc drawn from foreigners, and I can see no objection to an overflowing Treasury at any time, and certainly there should be none when many of the States cannot meet their lia¬ bilities, and would be glad to receive their respec¬ tive portions of any excess that may remain in the national Treasury, after the economical wants of the Government have been discharged Of course, I am for a distribution of the land mo¬ ney, and other exccss with an overflowing Treasu¬ ry, and against any distribution with a deficient one. It is to the interest of all nations to be recipro¬ cally moderate in their exactions; but if this prin¬ ciple be violated,then countervailingdutiesshould always be extracted from the offending party.. I go against a National Bank, founded and con¬ ducted in a spirit of favoritism, and for the bene¬ fit of individual stockholders, but would favor an institution based upon the deposits, and conducted for the general welfare.such an institution as I have heretofore explained to you in detail. 1 am for the annexation of Texas, because the inhabitants have won their freedom, and deserve countenance and protection, and more particu¬ larly from the United States than from anv other power, because of their proximity, their wishes, and that they arc principally our people; and were they overtaken by adversity or disaster on some remote quarter of the globe, it would lv our business to afford them succor, and, more par- ticularly, if engaged in dclence of their fairly ae- quired right?. Mexico luts no more control over the conduct of Texas than any other independent power; for sovereignties are eijnal, however large or small, and we, and oilier nations, regard her as a sovereignty. Suppose old "Johnny Q.. were to dissolve our Union, and separate confederacies were to arise from the fragments, and Delaware or Rhode Island were to set up for herself, what control would the new Republics have over them? None what¬ ever. So if war succeed the measure of An¬ nexation, it would not be of our seeking; and the people of Mexico. I imagine, would have more to lo«=e than our citizens; for we should cer¬ tainly conquer Mexico, and then should have a right to dispose o: at as we pleased. Lyons, in his discussion in Tappahanr.oclt asked, what prudent man would give Yorktowa or Bunker's Hill for Texas'? A very sillv qnes- tion, I thought, as we can retain all 'the glory of our Kevotu.u.,, lsirinto"K-- sides. Clay lost his election by opposing the measure. He knew full well, that the abolition¬ ists held the balance of power, and he ami his friends strove to at'ain what he had no good grounds to expect, and, consequently, gave a cer- tait.ly for an uncertainty. I advised the Whips, from the ou:sct, not to make it a party question) and not to allude to Texas in conversation, or in public speeches; but their desperate course they would pursue, regardless of consequences; and now they are blaming the poor foreigners lor their own indiscretion, Jorg^tting that these men voted for Hanison in 18-10, and may help the Whigs again iri time of neet': for. if" von with¬ hold naturalization from foreigners, those who have become citizen* will revenge themselves, bv their votes, on all lit occasions, so that the disfranchisement, instead of strengthening, will weaken the party; the very reverse of what they contemplated, will be the "effect. The Democrats out-nianujuvied the Whigs during the whole con¬ test, anil I perceived that the nomination of Silas Wright would secure Polk's election, and with all the previous bad management of th<» Whigs, they would have succeeded, but fortius judicious move of the Democrats. I have never been one of Mr. Clay's admirers. I have always supposed him to be dictatorial and revengeful, and but for the heavy pecuniary loss¬ es of the Whigs, I could not regret his defeat.. The party may hnv deserved success, but not their leader. I conceive him to be an old offen¬ der, and a great sinner, and not a character bv any means to merit the patronage of the ladies, anil it is certainly in bad taste to erect monuments in honor ol those who have been relinked and re¬ jected by the people. It is a reflection upon their capacity for self-government, and will be consi¬ dered as such, as the step will obviously proceed more from a spirit of resentment than a patriotic desire to perpetuate deeds of fame or ennobling virtues. It will not be ?. monument calculated to thrill the heart and fill it with delight, but to en¬ kindle popular resentment. Send him the silver plate; the present will be of sonic value.will al¬ leviate mortification, REMORSE, and be a means of gratifying the ladies, without offending the public, or violating the principle of popular supremacy. If the ladies really lore Clay, they should render him some favor; but it never will lie believed, that moral, civil or personal attrac¬ tions, so much as commiseration for disappointed grief, have actuated the tender sensibilities of the ladies. I was pleased to see, that you surprised the Go- liah of Democracy and his party, in regard to the Land Fund; discovering that the fruit was ripe, you plucked it without apparent difficulty. The circumstance, no doubt, aroused them ; but they awoke only to behold the prize borne be¬ yond their reach or the power of recovery! You deserve great credit for this, and the Spring elec¬ tion will show that the act has been justly appre¬ ciated. 1 hope you will not elect William C. Rive* United States Senator.His political history leaches us, that self-interest, rather than patri- otism, controls his movements; and if, by an cx- emplification of hi? real character, he has for- feited the confidence of the Loco*, we should be the more distrustful in confiding important politi¬ cal trusts to his equivocal agency. If yon do, you mav naturally calculate that, in times of dis¬ tress, difficulty and danger, he will abandon your cause, as a rat would a sinking ship. Neither is Lyons to be trusted.the Locos are entirely too fond of him.and his taunts, his sneers and his scoffs cannot suppress their admiration and par¬ tiality for him. Something wrong, I apprehend, lurking here; and, if the Loco* should fail in se¬ curing a man of their own, they will pluck Ly¬ ons from you as you did the Land money from them. Botts, I think, is the man, as it would be cruel and tinjnst for him to supersede the Speak¬ er, unless he could supply his place; and, besides, the utmost confidencc can be placed in his talents, his fidelity and patriotism.in a word, his effi¬ CIENCY; and, therefore, why speculate with re- ganl to future contingencies/when the truth, all potent, striking and engaging, forcibly presents itselll It were folly to indulge in theory, when the fact weseek lies palpably belore us, in simple, but stern Republican features. You must excuse my (probably) unwelcome intrusion;.being your political supporter, induces me to express myself the more freely. A constituent. The ute Ho*x.-It is now acin^1 ,hlt,t!JC account of the abolition riot jn P ''^ °Lwn. u.",0> and recapture of negroes*^6*1" ,"e white.-, was an entire hoax thp^gnout. Some Journals are indignant; we on contrary are glad that it waa a hoax.that n^such opffngeous murder oc¬ curred; but we submit to t*c person who got it up, whether such falsehood are innocent in their ef¬ fects.whether our rrtmtry docs not suffer from the wide circular"11 gi;ren to a wretched hoax" j like this, and 7nether any explanations or apol¬ ogy, couldAWJfy such a mischievous, if not atro- ciousAii«hood7.[.V. Y, Sun. For the Enquirer, COUNTY COURTS.-No. III. Tit the General AssemUv of Virginia: It will be seen, upon an examination of the sketch given, thai it is a part of the scheme, that all the civil business is proposed to l»c placed in the Quarterly Courts, and all the criminal business in the monthly terms. This change would not be so j great as to give ri«e to any difficulty, or 1 appre- hend be any ground of objection, while it would greatly facilitate business in both the monthly and quarterly sessions; an advantage I presume which would more than counterbalance any evil which might by possibility grow out ol it. it will also he seen at a glance, that the Commonwealth's Attorneys would be diminished in number; all nt)w in oflice would be deprived of their present offices, and the "Presiding justices" would occu- py their places.but there is little doubt but that 1'ioni the ranks of the present Attorneys for the Commonwealth, the new otlice would be filled. these would be the chief, if not only ehnnsn made; and while the County Court would retain its present organization, it would have at its com¬ mand always the knowledge and skill, oftht "Pre¬ siding Justice," and thus a reform would he ac¬ complished, without attacking old prejudices as injuriously affecting a tribunal having already enlisted in its favor the habits and good will of the people. One objection has been urged against *!>.! pro- posed scheme, by those whose opinions arc enti¬ tled to respect, which it becomes me to notice as fully as my brief spr.ee will permit; it is this: that by the scheme "a judicial officer is appointed, who ex-olJicio is also an Attorney." I confess that from choice, I would not create such an officer as is here described, but we arc placed in actuation in which we must seek not what is perfect, but j that which it is in our power to obtain. If, how- ever, we examine the objection, we will find that it is a matter almost impossible to point to anv oilier, whose duties, abstractly considered, rue wholly judicial or wholly ministerial; a mingling of judicial and ministerial powers in some degree ) is not uncommon, and we find no injury to result Irorn it, so far as necessity has forced us hereto¬ fore to g<>, in mingling these powejs; and if, in this case, it is carried farther than in those with u hich we are familiar, yet we introduce no new princi- pie.and the circumstances of the case justify us in the step, when no real evil can result, and much good may be the consequence. Again, it ought to be observed that the Presiding Justice can never, under any circumstances, Ik? called on loex- ercisehis duties' as prosecutor, and his powers as a magistrate in the same forum.the office which he will hold in the quarterly sessions, where civil business will lie transacted, being perfectly sepa¬ rate and distinct from that held bv iiim in the monthly terms and in the Superior Court.the only connexion between them being, that they will beheld by the same person. The "Presiding Justice" will be, from the nature of his office, in a judicial position in the Courts of quarterly ses¬ sion; and at the monthly terms he will hold an of¬ lice in its nature approaching a judicial one, as in practice. It rests in the judgment of the Cotn- monwealth's Attorney to decide whether a person charged with a crime shall be prosecuted or r.<": and this practical power niav, indeed, be adduced as an instance of the mingling of powers laid as the ground of the objection under consideration. And, not to multiply instances to ineei this objec- tion, we may here, to show that mingling in lie: same officer ministerial and judicial function-;. i« not new in the system under which we live, re¬ call the following quotation, upon which 1 jiim now happen to lay inv hand, which i^ apt and proper: "The power and duty of a Sheriff are either ns a Judge.as the Kee|»cr of the King's i peace.as a wini<itrial nj/iccr of the Superior ! Courts of Justice.or King's Bailiff. In his jitt/uial capacity, he is to hear an I determine all causes of forty shillings value and under, in hi> j County Court, and he ha« a jwliiini power in di¬ vers other civil cases.". [D'aIt. on hheii/fs, C. 4. No injury has heretofore resulted in such cases, and il injury is apprehended, it is incumbent on those who urge the objection, to show how ill will come: and I hope I may lie pardoned for saying, | that I think it will be found that the objection here has its origin in prejudice, rather than in reason. Having thus n >:iced the most usv.nl objection to the scheme, and having enumerated the evils which it is sought to correct, allow me further spare, briefly to enumerate th<* positive advnn- »<..«¦. *' - ;l ... I,,,,,, : |j[. v. J, *>f|(l ||,p | most prominent arc th.'se: a profess ion;, 1 man j will alw.ivs lie a member of the County t ,'ourt.«, j affording to the members of the Court the b-ne- fit of his knowledge and experience. There lie- ! ing a head to the Court, business under his di- I rcction will be promptly and pro|x.*ilv c-.no'ueied. ! While justice will be promptly administered, with increased certainty and despatch, the saving in each county, in time and money to suitors ami witnesses will, I verily belie--. be more than riou- Me the salary of the' Presiding Justice." The efficiency of the County Coins being restored, the b'i«incs ol the Circuit Jnrg's wi'l :.e greatly diminished and the frequent rc».ii. now so necessary, to spccial and intermediate terns, to the harrassing of the j-cople, the .Midge and the Bar, be entirely obviated. In addition to these benefits il may properly be urged, that 'he office of "Presiding Justice" will be a seh mI in which ! will be formed, that rarest, but most important of all our officers, a good nisi prius Judge. While the duties of the' Presiding Jusiice" will be onerous and troublesome, yet it our calcula¬ tions with regard to the salary and perquisites are correct, it will command Mich talent and learn- ing as may be sufficient; and the system of "Or- phan's Courts,"so much needed, so important, and I si) often vainly asked for, will in cfl'ccl lie obtain- j ed.order will be introduced where disorder reigns.legal business will be restored to chan- uels which it was intended to occupy, but which fire now aim .st deserted.and this will be acconi- /.'<)/. the Ivnquiar. HINTS ON THE CRIMINAL LAWS OK VIRGINIA.. [No. III.] To the Legislature: Having, in November, shown you Iiow much the escape of guilt from jut-lice i* promoted by our Kxainimng Courts, by the via \ncrof sumvwn- ing juries to try felon* and by the ixccssiic num- her of arbitrary c/tojlcngcs allowed them; I ceased to write, only for fear of obtruding upon yon more than ray share of the Mtetjeslions with which, wc out of-door adviseis, commonly tire the attention of the Legislature: not at all for lack of other defects to s-how, and other a mend- menls to propose. Not at all. For years I have been nut in?, in our penal laws, inconsistencies and delec's must plarin?. which 1 meant at sun.? time to expose. They would occupy several cu- | luinns of a newspaper. Sometimes the law affixes a severer punishment to a small offence than to a greater one. Sume- times it is unreasonably a respecter of persons; and bears with oppressive weight and deep injus- lice upon one class, for offence*, which in another class it visits with dove-like mildness. Two of- fenccs, at least, which strike at the foundation of moralsand of domestic peace, are threatened with penalties ludicrously lenient; anJeven that threat i* made impotent, by requiring two witnesses tu prove the crime. At least one offence is made heavily punishable, so unnatural that a human being would scarcely dream of it, ii the law did not put it into his mind. And at least one, otten occurring, for which, in some cases, death would be not too severe, has no punishment.is not even forbidden! For several, if not more, transgressions, it is difficult to say what is the lawful punishment, or what tribunal shall inflict it: difficult, even to a lawyer.how much more to a magistrate. Not a few of these perplexities grow from our reten¬ tion of the clumsy, puzzling and disgraceful phrase "Benefit of Clergv:" "others, from the thoughtlessness, or ignorance, of those who penn¬ ed the laws. For instance, can any one tell the penalty for a slave or free negro's robbing in a field, not near any highway? And when, col. tine the "Act concerning Benefit of Clergy," with .j or 0 other Arts, and a case in Ith Leigh, he has with labor decided, that the free yfcc shall go to the Penitentiary for f> yea^, s|j0!]ld (as a white man wonld,) while tfrr as the court "sufR such corporeal puofocrpreted, 39 lashes should think fit," wb»<jh3'Uch offence, the slave; .but that for^a .Jp'free man is only sent to the is hanged, w{>jr jjfp. t|ien waiving these incon- Penitent;'* j jf such ofneurity in a-ru laws, .l^lcss p?nal laws, ought to l>c tolerated in a country like this? In Rome, even under; the Ctcsars, the laws were displayed in public so low as "to be plainly read from the ground;7' and it was a refinement of Caligula's tyranny, to hang them too his»h to be read, and then punish their violation. Have not yonr predecessors been equally unjust ? Again.hy a general law [I R. C. 61-2, $ 48] the fine for a misdemeanor is to be assessed by a jurv. But the law of limited partnerships f Acts of lf«T. C. 67, J 10] subjects a fraudulent partner to "fine, or imprisonmsnt, or both, at the discretion of the Cmirt by which he shall be tried." Now, is the Court, or a j ury, to assess this fine? These instances of darkness and doubt are taKen at random. Snmma papuvcra carpcns, crnnot here be applied to inc. These are not the chief, or a lithe ot the like fault*, clouding thecri- minal code of Virginia, and (it is no excess to say) casting a shade over her good name. \et, many and ugly as these Mots in our penal legislation are, another mischief surpasses them in hideousnes's, and in dauber. That mischicl is. the ill working, too often the no working, ot th<* machinery intended to enforce the laws. Magis- trates, grand jurors, judges, and executive orti- c«.rs leave numerous and important duties unful- filled. Sheriffs and justices see and tolerate un- lawful assemblies of slaves. Justices wink at gambling; cav, (as do some judges,) gamble themselves. Grog shops arc licensed, where they are proved to be nuisances, most unwelcome to large portions of the neighbors. Grand jurors leave these and scores of other offences unpresent- ed; not, perhaps, "through fear, favor or a flection," but through indolence, and haste to gel home, in disregard of their oath "diligently to inquire in¬ to" all such matters. And when they do present, the court in some counties discharges the offender so regularly, upon the "rule to show cause," or a motion for a noil* prosci/vi, that the grand juries there have come to think it a mere waste of paper to make a presentment. Since I have filled my present oilice, one hundred presentments have Erobably l«eeti made in the county courts, of which ardly six have come before a petty jury. The rest have been dismissed, mostly on the defend¬ ant's own oath of exculpation. As to convicting an overseer of a road, no matter what his ollicial delinquency.shooting a ghost were as easy. Ten to one, the court "lets him of!';" but the jury ncvei fail to acquit him. I suggest no remedies, now, for these ill-.all of them you could alleviate, and many you could remove; but the roofs of many can be reached only by the people themselve:.only bv turning public opinion in certain directions, more strong¬ ly and decidedly than now. One radical mea- sine for liiem must be, to elect tin ir Si; le lawgi¬ ver* mute with a view lo their Virginia duties, and with lc>s regard to things at Washington.. So long as the constituent body make the ques- ticn of Whig or Democrat, nine-tenths, instead of one fortieth part, of their test of fitness for a scat in the Stale Legislature, so long will their code, both criminal and civil, remain confused, patchy, inconsistent and obscure. 1 do not mean to disparage yon, gentlemen, but the system. At present, let me on!v remind you of the claims my first three topics have to your itnme- diate action. In the names ot those many wit¬ nesses and officer?, whom you will save from wan¬ ton harrassment by doing away lixamuium Courts.\n the names of the jurors and witnesses, whom you will save from almost eq* al vexation by directing every rcnuclo betaken 'emote from the scene of the crime.and in the n; me of pub- , lie justice, whom you will bot seive by those measures, and by narrowing to two or three the prisoner's peremptory challenges, I call upon you wot to let this session pass away without such enactments. Do not wail for a general revisal, but enact these as piineiples to be emlxnlied in it. They will serve as feelers towards the revisal, as tenniive efforts to prove your own hand, and to ascertain the people's pleasure. My life upon it, both you and they will Ik.- pleased with your work on trial. It will save lal>or, complication, and expense. It will promote justice. It will tell instantlv to the re I iff of dozens, perhaps hun¬ dreds, whom ihe present laws every month ag¬ grieve and opp!e*h. Your lellow-eiti/.cn, A Commonwk.w.th's Attohsev. December l^il. I\>r the Entjvircr. AN APPEAL TO LA WYEHS, Art*I.VST TIIK Te.MI'KK 4.SXK Scc-IKTV. Dear Brethren: Looking over my lee book ihc other day, J was wonder-stricken to find that three. '"Wths ol my profits had sprung from, what think vou. \\ hy, from thosedelicions twenties which the temper*!uctf folks would br.ni'«h from ire. Nearly all my (attest lees have been in rases that grew out ot Honor. Every writ for divorce, or (or separate maintenance,' that 1 have evei been concerned in, hall the actions of slander nine-tenths of the assaiilt-snd-balterv cases, and lour-fifths o| those most interesting and best p;iu! eMitrover>ie«, criminal prosecutions, havecome lr<>m that source. When those delicate jar> j ..r»-o, \\ liieu tin* vulvar doom diseoids, between inai. aiiilv. ;tl>, ^rc-.vjn« ;:t tosiieh a pilch that nothing but two paiis ot lawyers and a ; Chancellor can regulate them; and when, out of these discoid*, each lawyer with wizard skill ha* j evoked harmony thenjo.-t delightful to his ear.a fine ol two, Jour or live hundred dollars; to what I isit 11,1 °Jring1 Ungrateful do?, if he doubts or t urrets it: he owes it all to diint;! The husband would have plixided on ihroiitrh life, insipidly |»- vui« his wile and doing his duties, (ot no use to lawyer, clcik or sheriff.) but f.r the timely intervention ot' our friend, the bottle. This made him eenerons to tho«c who had no claims ufii'ii him, at thr* expense ol those who had claims. T.ns made him Reulitrcni. an,I dash in v. in a gentlemanly wnv: delightful to his tavern companions. though now and th"ti rough to his wile: mr.dehirmctjtrae; debts, he knew not how: leave his house ami farm to get out of order, his l iinilvto be ill-supplied, (he woman's heart to tlirob stranirely, and her cheek to grow thin and hxecutions would come. rJ*he scenes, on his midri&htly return, would wax richer and '"'her in ine'dem.more and more slrilinc a punster would say.till she could bear them no longer; and.j/r were called in. Then the fees! I know an Attorney for the Commonwealth who sweats, that he has |>ecn concerned in a do¬ zen eases or more, of wives asking snretr of the peace against their husbands; and that in all of j them save one, the wives declared on oath, that j luC^ violence they hail su/lered was only when j their lord* were in liquor. Now all these cases were grist (,.. our mill. i .vrn the plainer, mlur/i,iz business.action* ol i.ebts, and upon accounts.we owe uicstlv to our ally, .Mr. Barleycorn. Gaming, usuty, bad bargains, ill thrill, misunderstandings about con- tracts, imperceivod decays of fortune, and manv other causes of difficulty leading to lawsuits j ari'-e on', of ihc "cup ol 'kindness." When the farmer lets his store account run on, unpaid, for so many years that the merchant has to sue, ten to one(if/.W account Unot ehieily for liquor)thc farmer has a larjjc li'j'tor account somewhere else. The liquor sellers themselves.what inesti- mable cusiomeis ik.fi/are. to lawyers! How vast a proportion of the bonds, notes an I accounts, anntiallv put in suit, come from ihc desks of those noble patrons of science and ofart! patrons of nvalid its kindred sciences*.ofilHtillation and i's artiliatedarts.'Phvsie, pauper-making, the eollin-maniifaetiire, J»ri (in-btiildin5. gallows-ma- kins and all kinds of penitentiary work, not to mention transport-navigation and the exploring l of new countries, (Botany Bay, &c.,) are a lew of the arts that thrive bv means of the liquor sel¬ lers. What la wyer would dare to offend them, or would tvish to spoil their business? Are w« siliv J children, to quarrel with our bread and butter?. The loss of iheir direct custom would lose me [ hundreds a year; and their indirect agency makes more than half my fortune. Nay, as man milks the cow and works the ox while they live, and eats them when dead; so the good that those noble patrons do us lawyers in their fall, is well nigh equal to the good they do us while they stand, l-'or a great New York j judre, much quoted by the temperance men, say«, that "of the tavern keepers and retailers of ardent spirits in that State, during the last forty years, more than two-thirds have become drunkards, and reduced their families to poverty." Now, i: is no doubt so too in Virginia: and in the transit of a large liquor dealer from wealth to poverty, is it not exhilirating to think how many goodjobs lawyers occur? £Je take.* deeds of tiusf, he£:'^e deeds of trust, which a lawyer mD^u^tn('ie j, brines a multitude of suits, Creditors scram- brought against hi.n. a tlj^.y ol paymeni ollt ble\ \\ ith each oUier^hole scene, even in descrip- j I tion' ''hink' o( mmc-r in m>' Pur5<?- I Tfc . * 7^1 peranee men quote another Judge, j t.«e testimony, mark how I will turn against them ! I thank the eenMemen (as we say at the Bar) for introducing su^h authorities. * Judge Hale said (Sir Matthew) that if all the murders robberies, thefts, and other crimes, which lie had* seen prosecuted in forty years, were divided into nve pa its, four ot those parts would b^ found . t racea ble to strong drink. And this is said to be true here in Virginia. Now, my answer to this is, that as every crimi- nai nearly, employs one or more lawyer* (Ac n.rre criminals there are, the better for us. So much fur Sir Matthew. We, therefore, in every view of our best inter- ",re b°nnd to give no countenance to this "Temperance Reformation." The total-absti- ncncc principle on which it proceeds now-a-davs I threatens our staunehest ally with extirpation.. Let us not aid or abet the cold-water lanatics in their crusade against the feast of reason and the tlow o! sotjI. Temperate drinking is the thine lor us. If we drink temperately (being men "of mar* and likelihood") many others will insensi- bly gltce into eices*; to the great increase of our harvests. We shall also conciliate the liquor- venaers. And by haunting bar-rooms, or other j merry-making places, wt^hall captivate the jol¬ ly lads that use there. They will cr 11 us good fellows, and give us many a enfe which the eold- water prigs might els-- have gotten. If some of us chance to be caught in our own snare, and become occasionally mellow, 'twill only be bringing back a good usage ol the olden time. Mar.y a great lawyer has drawn bis in¬ spiration from the bottle. Why not we? Iji the time of Hudibras, there was a muse, "that with ale or viler liquorj, Did inspire Withers, I'ryn, and Vickars, And make them, tho' il were in spite^ Of nature and their stars, to write." So, any of us to whom nature and our stars have denied the girt ol eloquence, may quart it from a glass of wine or todd v, or a punch-bowl, ourCastaly. J The Doctors are jointly interested wijh us, in maintaining the dominion of good drink.* It puts money in their purse. I once heard a r^'ht emi¬ nent physician say, (a tirm atula inn trj>m total abstinence,) that it "alcoholic drinks were done away, il would preally en tail the pro/its «' the doc¬ tors." These were his very words. Some lawyers, alxittors of what they call "the great Reformation," weakly argue, that the solid and permanent welfare of our professinr. is inse¬ parable from that of th; community and that, as the community would undoubtedly m bettered by the total disuse of intoxiratingdrinks,so would we Hut this is a mer- abstraction. !¦. ta<*t. it is little better than metaphysical; as 1 could prove, if 1 hail time. Your lo ing brother, Christmas Day, ISM. A LAWYER. ?Blackstone says, "the *. ieneo.- *re social, and tlourish liesi irieach otherS neighborhood:" and Cicero says, "all art" have a common tie. and are j held together by a .v>rt of kinship' . hais.nl ip'od- tiam iontmunc riutiiluw. & .. For thr Entntirsr. TO RICH A I! D II TOLER, Esq. I address this communication to vou, l-ccause you are Chairman of il»r> Committee in the Le¬ gislature which hr» charge of the subject of In¬ ternal Improvement, as well as because of the in¬ fluence yen are capable of exercising in ihe body ol which you are a distinguished member. Without further preface, then, let me ask, what does the Legislature intend t» do for the James River Improvement this winter? Is that "reat work to lie left in its present condition, or is'k to Ijc extended further West ? Jn other words, is i; tolH! abandoned to the fate that inevitably awaits' it, it l. ft to its own unaided ellbrts ? or will the Lpgi*lniure provide the means for it.- further pro-' sedition? 1 hese are important questions.important, it seems to me. to the whole Commonwealth of Vir- ginia; to the East as well as to the West; but \i- tally important to us on the West o| the Blue Ridge. What is our situation ? A few years ago. the canal was put under contract from Lynchburg to the mouth of North River. The old canal, which atlurded at least a sale convey¬ ance through the mountains, was pulled down and destroyed, and we were remitted to the navi- gat ion of our forefathers, or rather of the sava"es who inhabited our country centuries ago. But, sir. we endured this patiently, although j| was at- tended'.villi imminent danger tc both life and ear- .j,- iiel'Vvitig, as we did. that it would be so onlv for "a season, and that in a few yea's we should have the new canal finished and in successful ope- lation. Rut, alas! years have tolled awav, and we aic still in the same condition. There is the new canal; but it is only half finished, and seem> to l<e abandoned to dilapidation and urea v. The iuifroveiuent we once had, has been taken from j us, and nothing ht» been given in its place; and j every boat laden with flour or other produce, that j now passes through the mountain, runs the im- mincnt hazard ot being dashed to pieces against tin- huge rocks over which the river tumbles and foams in its passage. ]'his :s no exaggciated picture. It is the naked truth; and in view of it. let me a»k, whether common justice does not re- cjuire that we should, at least, lie placed in as got-: a condition as we were in liefore the new work* was commenced. It seems to me. that every candid and itnpaitial inau must confess, t!iat it docs, and that the grossest injustice ha> been done to us in thi< particular. IJ til. :sir, this U not all. There is another view ol the Mtlject tlir.t makes the injustice ..till more glaring. We all remenik-r the difficulty of se- j curing the ihaitei foi'the.lames Riv*i Company. and the strenuous e%rts made^tp obtain subscti- b t- to the stock. Irf^ose e(Wrts, the West par- J tieipated, and in several counties a liberal sub- scription was obtained. I might mention Bote¬ tourt, Monroe, and other Western counties. One gentleman, I think, in tin- former, took fifty shares, and I know others who subscribed as liberally] considering their means. Now, have we not a right to c'.' inaiid that this wotk, upon which our ino'vy has itcen spent, and which oilier-; are en- joying the benefit of, shall he brought within our reach ; at nil events, that it .shall not be allowed j to remain a curse, instendol'a blessing to its ? But admitting al! this to be true, yt»'i in;.y ask, what crtn the L"jjis!attire do in the present con¬ dition of the country ? Rather a>k. what wtt.t, th" Legislature do. lor they t .iv if they wii.t. ! . Or.lv kt tliem, instead of suggesting iioiihts and ditlieulties, s.-t to woikin good earnest, and my life upon it, the wotk will progress, an ! that with¬ out detriment to any interest its the Common¬ wealth, and without the danger of lutuie repudia¬ tion either. I will not undertake to suggest the mode or manner in which the aid of the State shall lie afforded ; but even supposing .she hnd to borrow the money, or to lend her credit to the Company to do so, would that be any such great and unheard-of thing? Virginia » said to lie the mother of Statesmen, and, I lor one, do not deny it; but whether that lie so or not, she is the mother of us all, whether we live on this or that side of the mountains. She stands in \<k« vnrai- Iif to al! her citizens. Well, Sir, is it considered a great act of generosity, if a parent should ad¬ vance h»s son v, hen about to commence life for himself, or that hesh'. tld even l-orrow money to start him in business, not having himself the pre¬ sent means of doing so ? And what is the differ¬ ence between that cast* and the one in band ?. The Wc«t is just starting, as it were, into lite.. Its resources, though treat, are undeveloped, and i: asks tor means to develop? them. Shall they be afforded 7 Or must die people of the West sit down in despair, or d . what the Governor hints at in his late Messate, abandon the State that has abandoned, or cat. > n t fur tl.rm. But this is a pa in! n I part«.! tie* .> ibjut. and I will nut dwell on it. 1 say that A itginia is bound by every conside¬ ration ot public policy a> well as ot justice, to push the improvement t u. How far it should g.», is another question. Whether the original scheme of connecting it with the Ohio is prac¬ ticable. and it >o, whether it is now desirable, are questions about which th: re may I e a difference o! opinion. For my par:, I believe the tiade oi the North-west is lost to Virginia. Whilst she has been talking and surveying, her rivals have been irmbns and have already pushed their iin- provements into the territory from which she ex¬ pected, at some future time, to draw an immense trade. But if all cannot be accomplished, shall we therefore do nothing? Is the trade of the Valley, the riehest part of Virginia, of no importance ? Why may not the canal be finished to BucJ>»{yJ," or Covington, and then why may it J'foTt'and nc-cled with other improvements '''unties to it? htinging the produce ot dj^'rn' ro8(, \0 ,on. For instance, the f r,.1:,ure t0 atscr, j milted ot ¦u«tl^ve','(jaini/ed ro.id from some point j '' a ^°2tiver to t!ie Tennessee line, is second ol\.'^"importance to ihe Commonwealth to the 1 Jatnes River canal. The two works ought to go together, lor when completed they will mutually aid each other. No doubt there are other im- jurtant improvements well deserving the patron¬ age of the Legislature. I do not wish to dispa¬ rage any such, but in my opinion, th03c mention¬ ed arc of paramount importance. May we not then expect your efficient aid this winter? 1 know it i- the opinion of some, that your constituents, having secured ihe can;* I to Lynchburg, are opposed to its gjing further West. But. for on". I entertain nosuch nn worthy opinion of them. Their own interest, if not their magna¬ nimity and generosity, forbids it. They arc as much interested in the extension of the canal, as we are, and it it were otherwise, they are too gene¬ rous to deny to otheis the benefits from this work- to which they are entitled in common with them" selves. Much less do I lear that your course will be governed by selfish and sectional views. You are at the head of a most important Committee, and nave been placed there, no doubt, because you were capable of rising superior to any merely lo¬ cal considerations, and of viewing this great sub¬ ject as it bears upon the general and permanent interests o<"the Commonwealth. Neither do Iap- prehend any opposition to the scheme here sug¬ gested, from the North-west They are satisfied with thr* improvements which other Slates haj^ already and arc still making for them.andjfl they ask is, that Virginia will permit thosJ|^H to bring their improvements througJUM^^^^I that they may enjoy the bencfrts^^^^^^^H which Virginia herself i* I.KG1SLATV'RK OF VIRGINIA. IK »l*SE OF DELEGATES. W'edneS'lay, January I, l>l.r>. Petitions, &c., wen* presented and referred By .Mr. BOLLING. of .Samuel Crawford, l*.»r remuneration lor special services remit ted by him as Clerk of theS'Jih regiment of militia; By Mr. STEPHENSON, of John Ambler tnt! otheis, for an incorporation ot the Preston Navi- ii»m Manufacturing Company; By Mr. FLOOD, a preamble and resolutions of a meeting at Buckingham Court house of law¬ yers ol Buckingham, Amherst, Albemarle,Com- lieHam). Prince Edward, Charlotte ami Powhatar, relative to proposed changes in the judiciary sys¬ tem of the State; By Mr. HAMILTON of Preston, remon¬ strances of citizens of Brandonville, and other ci¬ tizens of said county, against changing the boun¬ daries of said county by the formation of new counties; Bv Mr. CAMPBELL, petition ol citizens of Bwllord, for a separate election at the house oi Alex. Wade; By Mr. BANKS, fulimn we are glad to ««v for the tint time in the House, alter a imiver,- from a severe illness,) of officers of the 83d Regi¬ ment, for amendments in the militia jv-tem; also, ot citizens of Madison, for a scpaiatc election zi Stony Hill: also, of other citizen*, u-i a separate election at John Hoffman's mill; By Mr. NEWLON, t«f citizens of William'. port and vicinity, in Tayloi county, lor a change of the name of s.-»i«l tou n to "Prunty Town." On m Hion ot Mr. FITETON ».! Wythe, Ik-folrt ii. That the Committee on Courts, 4'C enquire into the expediency ot amending ll;e ' 1th section of the act in relation to oriiinwries md houses of plivn't: entertainment, * >as provid* a more definite punishment kr otlcnce- enutre- rated in said s< ction. The Engrossed bill 'rstnblMiing the eoMn:v t . of parts of Harrison, Tyler, Ritchie md Lewis counties," was read a third time and p.iv - ed, tli" blank in the title having ltecn filled uit'i the word''Doddridge," on motion ol Mi. STE¬ PHENSON. An engrossed bill, "authorizing a loan to the Valley Turnpike Company, and giving the State's guarantee for the repayment of thrc-e-lifths there¬ of," was. on motion ot Mr. STREET, laid or; the table, ayes 51), noes 43.said motior. hav.'rjj been warmly resisted by Mr. DENI^ON An engrossed bill "Incorporating the President and Directors of the Southwestern Turnpike Hoad" was, on motion ol Mr. W ITCH EH. laid H|ion the table. A resolution from the Commit'' c on Courts, «vo, was agree! to: against the expediency of amending the law regulating the proceedings in cases of prosecutions for mis-demeanors. Mr. JACKSON called up the resolutions of lered on the jtjtli in->t. by Mr. BROA DCS of <¦ peper. as follow: 1. Rcfolvd. f-if the General A*vrr,b!;j nf Virritiu», That the lime allowed u> claimant* on the Stat« of Virginia lor revolutionary land bounty to pre¬ sent the fame for adjustment, by joint revolution adopted Febrilerv 1, 1S4'2, extended ftcm the first of Mairli lfc-15, as tixed in that icsolutiuri, to the 1st ?.1areh, 1*17. '2. H-mlv-l, That the l?egi«!er of the I*and Oflice of Virginia is hereby ic-trueted ti. publish .his resolution in such newspa|«i> ot this Statu as have the most genera! circulation, tor the it.- formation of claimants. A I'midebate »n-tifcd. Mess,- JACLSON and W ITf "II EH opposed ;he le-op.itionv, a* t¦ . j thought time enough had been allowed io adim-t these claims, and. if the time be ex let Jed, it wonktenure mainly to the benefit of speculator.-, and open the door to fraud. Messrs, STOVALL and BHOADLSof Ch' ppp-r gave a history of thtfce claims, and urges.' the justice of the proposition. In the course of hi* remarks, Mr. STOVALL warmly replied the assault* of Mr. Flail, meinbet ot Congr^>j Ironi Vermont, upon the character of Virginia. Mr. TAYLOR of Norfolk Borough thought, more time should be allowed. MesMs. COCKE nnd CAHSON siotained th« resolutions and ciled instance* of just claims which had not yet been adjusted. The two resolutions weic then adopted. On motion of Mi. PAYNE, the Hnuc< so¬ journed. TWKNTY-Kl'.HTII COXUKKSC.. 4.1 6t«, Tocsufnv, Ikinnltr ,iJ. IN" SENATE. MEMOUt Al.s, ltK"Ol.t 1'IOVS, &».. Mr. cm >ATE presented r. memorial from the inhabitants of NonnlKiro', Mass*., remonstrating against '.In* annexation of Texas. Mr. TAPPAN presented a memori.**! from c|- tizens of Cincinnati, asking a reduction of po»l- age. and :<> nU'li-h the franking privilege, !r. B 1*011 ANAS presented ;i men.'ti.:I from ihe Society ol Friends in Pa., protesting rgain t iheai.ti' xaiion ol T'w:.*-. Mr. 111" NT! NGD< »N, from !!:.* (*. mnut:» <» en Commerce, rf|?r?nctl twobilK i .vomit.' ri'iinu their passage;oneprovides fori!iej»r.< it ngit p.-i*. ;.nd the oilier regulate* ifcr pay and ptt'ineli.-n t' officers in ih«* revenue servit e. Mr. 171*11AM presented a petition 'Vr,r.i :Y. widow oi l leman Allen, ol" Vermont, a-i.i:..; I .: i<av for her husband's revolutionary fervi.es. Mr. WOODBRMH.iE from the Committee ,.u Pulilie Lands, reported a l»ill granting bir.d it. | the Vincennes district lor the Wabash and Kite Canal. Mr. CR1TTKNDKN submitted a joint refol" lion which was adopted, directing ihe Committee mi tiie Library to inquire into the expediency of procuring lor publication, the papers ol the la:« Alex. Hamilton Mr. BENTON submittal .'i ipsolu'ion which II'.» over one day, calling on th'- Picsidcnt for a copy ot the letter from Mr. Shannon to the Department t>f State, in reference to the pay ment of Ihe Mexican indemnities ol Apiil fti July. Also calling li>r the name of the an>.n: who receives litis money there, by what authori". he was appointed, what is Ins pay, and for any information he may have concerning the luden. ' nity. HOUSE OF REPRESENTAT 1\ E.i. rr.xxr Mr. T1BBATTS of Ky. \»ished to Introduce, by general consent, a proposition for the annexa¬ tion of Texas. Mr. BARNARD objcctcd- And Mr. TfBBATTS irr.ve i-.;ie< that he would int;oducc his proposition at subsequent dav. The reporter coulu not, in t'.r confusion, learn whether it was a bill or a resolution. Mr. BELSER, ol Alabama, gave r; .nee tha' at some subse.jiieiit p< t'io-.l !.e woi.I.i ji.i '»:i'ct :» series of tesol'itions lor annexing To*:- :o . United Slates. These notices weic ciitcuv n the Journal. INDIAN* Af'rAlftr. r. A Bill to amend an A.-t regulating «>«(r. course with the Indian Trite#, ws- *»«.'. t cia; and referral to the Committee '' '"-Bi.'c r*,""a'resolution to let - Mr. HOT,".STONinittee of the Whole ' :t rninaie alldeba'^/c and icduce the ptiee <.! Pul- the Bill JoP^liich was rejected. Aves Vj, and i iic.i-rr HE PORTS. Mr. VANCE. of Ohio, moved to suspend t hi? rules, (or the purpose of teeeiving it-posts frcin the standing committees The rules wtiesus- pen.led, ar.d the Speaker then proceeded !u call on the Standing Committees for Reports. Reports weic then submitted from the Com¬ mittee on Claims, the Committee on Post Office and Post Roads, the Committee on Commerce, the Committee on Mileage, the Committee on Military Affairs, on Foreign Affairs, on Naval Affair:', on Invalid Pensioners, on Paicnis. ami several other Committees, which were read aui referred. Mr. KENNEDY, of Md., from the Commit¬ tee on Coinmeice, reported a bill to alter the mod-: of pdmeasurement and adjustment of the tonnage of vessels, in the merchant service of t'r,« United States, which was referred to the Com¬ mittee of the "Whole. Mr. PRATT reported a joint resolution in favor of a national monument to the memory ot Washington. A resolution was offered authorizing the di-- trikution ol the surplus wood purchased fct 'he use of the House, among the poor ot the city ol Washington. Mr.G. W. JONES, ofTenn., contended that th^ House had no authority to distribute this wood, fur this object. The people of his State had to take care of their own poor, and he thought tl.o people of the city of Washington should do the; same. Some conversat: Speaker an

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Page 1: THE ENQUIRER. l^chinoiidj^Janiiary

~

Terms of the Richmond Enquirer.rft- Hie Enquirer Is published DAILY *nd SLMI-

lvffiKI.Y. For Die Daily P»P«, seven dollar* per an-

Jin, ,nd ai the rate of eiKhc dollar. 'H^en for a .bo.l;rr iw-riod than one year. tor the Senii-Weekl}, five

dollars per annum, and Three Dollars fo' ,ix b'payable In advance, to be paid «a lA* office, or remittt C by

mail. po»t paid; or Si* Dollars per annum at the ond of

lb»Cr "if dues to this office may be re-miued mall,

ln%rt and available Ran* notes, at theofthii Mi-

tor; Ike )of a:l letters bene paid b* the

(The (KXtafe of a slnfle UUer Is .carcelr "f_»«yac«°untto the writer. It L the accumulation of .

extensive bu.lnew, which operates as a serious Ulx

« k>b the Kdiror.^ ^ ADVERTI9ING.IN THE DAILY BNQI IKER-F«.r onewjutw.of

lines or less, first insertion, fifty cent*. 8n«

ew^succeed^ng inserts twenty.fiye ccut.-h in^rt-«.l nhce a week, twice a week, or three timet a wwk,

'b!\nbuid'adveriise'r's'are'charged fifty dollar, for thirtylines an 1 in t.'.at pr..p.Mt.on to- advertisement, or a

creaier lencth.eicei* Lottery Vender* and Auction¬

eer*! wiilfarc chared ono hundred dollars, (paper ln-

^N^-HE SEMI-WEEKLY.One square of .ixteon

lines, or less, first lnsertiou, 75 ceutsj for each continu-

""ordMi'iVom a distance must be accompanied with the

advance pay, or satisfactory references, to Insure wecu-

"All Obituariu and JlfaTriages from the country,

whi-never tbe party's hand-writing Is unknown atthi.Office. mu»t lie auibeniicati-d by the endor»ation of the

Po»tnia«ter In the neighborhood, or they will in no case

be published. Every measure, that ha» been taken to

i.revrot imposition* and quizzes, has proved heretoforeunavailing- We must, theretore, insist, la »uch a case,

upon the communication belni; certified by tb« name ofthe Postmaster, vriutn on tke bark of ikt t-"~

POETRY.

THE PARTING LOOK.We parted.cold and worldly eyesUpon that parting (si),

And bravely we kept back our sigh*,And calmly said "Farewell."

But there are looks, we learned ofLove,That none but Love can read;

And, like the fl.i»h from cloud to cloud,From heart to heart they speed.

Calm, as it ne'er had breathed a vow,Thy rich voicc faltered not;

Serene as heaven thy princely brow,As Love were all forgot!

Yet, in one eager glance, thy soul,On wings of light to mine,

In wild and passionate sorrow, stole,And whispered words divite!

Heaven's blessing on that royal heart,That thus can lavish feeling!

Love's best -guide, and friendship's stay.Trust, to innocence was given;

Tin dou tit that paves the downward way,But trust unlocks the gates of heaven.Trust! trust! sweet lady, trust!

" TOUCH US GENTLY, TIME."RY BARRY CORNWALL.

This !-e;nitiful prayer must have been breathedbv 3.irrv Cornwall's heart, while sitting at hi*

qiiiel fire-side, looking in the face ol hii sweat

wife, and roc-king the cradle o( his "goklen-trcsMdAdelaide:"

Touch us gently, Time:Let us glide down thy stream

Gently.a>>we sometimes ^lideThrough a cjuiet dream !

Humble \*oyager* are we,Husband, wife, and children three !One is lost.an angel liedTo the azure overheadTouch us gently, Time:We've not proud nor soaring wings;

Our ambition, our content,Lie* in little things.

Humble voyages are weO'er life's dim, unsounded sea,Seeking only some calm clime.Touch us gently, senile Time!

MARRIED,On the iJlth Dec'r, by the Rev. Thomas Dur-

liat.i, Mr. Charles II. Boi:chto.v to Miss JiliaBb.i if kk, bolh o( the county of Essex..¦Peace be around thee wherever thou rovest,May life be lor thee one Summer's day,

An ' all tiiat thou wishest, and all that thou lovest,Come smiling around thy sunny way!"Married, on Tuesday, the 17th Dec., at Aspen

Grove, Louisa county, Va., by the Rev. JamesPowell, James S. Dickinson, of Alabama, toMiss Mary F., daughter of Charles Dickinson,E*j.

Married, on the 23d Dec'r, by Elder ThomasIjinford, Mr. Jesse F. Ci.arkr, to Miss BarakElizabeth Crctchvield, alt of Henrico county.

DEATHS.Died, suddenly, on the 25;h of October, 1B4-J,

in the county of Powhatan, Mr. AlexanderJordan, about thirty-eight years of age. Howtrue it i<, ihat, "in the midst of life we are indeath !" How adorably dark are the wavs of anall-wise Providence! He treasures up his brightdesigns and works his sovereign will. Thesubject of this obituary, and melancholy Provi¬dence, was, on the morning of the day of his death,in the field, attending to his farm.and, alas! be-Jore five in the evening, he was numbered withthe dead. Mr. Jordan was an amiable, modest,quiet, unobtrusive man.as a husband, fond andtender, and untiring in his attentions to his chil¬dren.as a master, he was just and equal, kindand forbearing. His neighbors loved and respcct-f'l him, and have sincere cause to mourn overhis removal. May Heaven's blessing rest uponhiv two orphan children and all his relatives andlnends. C. R. F.

Departed this life on the 15th December, at herrt-sidcnce in the county of Brunswick, Mrs. Ma->:v L. Atkinson, the consort of John P. Atkin-s.'n> 1*!l(l-. in the 38th year of her age, after ani.liicss o( several weeks, which she bore with thatM-cekness and submission which had character-

'>or pion? life. Early in life she had con¬

noted herself with the Methodist Episcopalfcuich, ot which, to her death, she was a re¬

spected and honored member. She died in thefiumph of faith, and, doubtless, now rests in

.i husband, three children, and]0N'S "" utc'e cf friends to lament their irreparable

HHir.v°nt!ltf ^^'cmber, at his residence iaEso noerl C'»m'' '!"inia> Beverley Borim,man in ,i ^rs' 1 "e deceased was a gcntle-}¦l the

'* ^'nse °f the term, and diedof U'C Methodist Episcopal

his walk ,uany years at,orneJ byf*jtic*hi .> n i r .Ve'^t,uni an(l 1,ow> "Having;,n.r,-iT ''aving finished his course

him T rrml-'i r *;nce^or,h there is laid up forthe ri»L ' °' righteousness, which the Lord,and noi'i ,°ir f ?hal1 °ive hi,n at "'at day,1 v . ii' 1 oa v*' Jt 111110 those alao wholuve Jus appearing."

Communicated.r»»i a*

ReatVs Domes.over th» f$<rSj h°w painful ft is to look

'he deaths of our friends.Mln, ,.»i , ,' >uc oi our menus.

even-. * ?rL y re%c"'ons are produced by suchtlie -.H.'r,^ -.-

h0* strikingly are we reminded of¦' What shadows we are!" These

"uv fuiuimouun virctvs ur

hi- wiV as his family and his friends.

"w :r;?V^kttltobJ'^ country as one ofrdh- -l0

,s> 'las heen so suddenly, so unexpect-

.n<i V ul . Prei»aturely summoned to another

. (oh it is hopc.1 a) better world than this. Itthe^1#- l'es.'Sn the humble pen that traces

lie h ,ee^''e,hnes to attempt an eulogy on the dead;j no;hing to offer to the heart-stricken liv-.in\/i'0,noi^,D«7~but he hopes and believes that!on i .

Vl5c Providence will bestow its blessingsWen as,icted widow and fatherless children..

poet.^exclaim in ,he language of the

^'nlglu no'an 'l0l,r the day nor sleepingBut iaia, with tKe.

whispers of thy name,{K, { er lbrh sleeps beneath the moon,

taje fcf ihee " ^ does not tel1

Taylor, thou 1rt g0ne Theto to thw; biKthou, oh! thou canstv° ®}9, "eaee- P^ce to thy memory,moclr^ Dec, VI, p/

THE ENQUIRER.l^chinoiidj^Janiiary 3.

VIRGINIA SENATOR.How much truth is there in the old saying,

that one must go from home to learn news of hisown affairs! We have never seen this axiombetter exemplified than by the following positivearticle in the N. York Express. Heie, at Richmond,the very theatre of action, both parties are alikeat fault as to the result of the Senatorial elec¬tion this winter, should said election take place.We do not appreciate the peculiar force ol thelanguage of the Express, "a handsome majorityof Whig members elected last Spring; but thiswe know, that the two parties are, confessedly, so

nearly balanced, at present, that the action of a

single individual may cause Republican Virgi¬nia lobe grossly misrepresented by a Federalist,thereby defeating the great measures which Vir¬ginia and the whole Union have recently com¬manded to be carried out; or may fulfil the ar¬dent wishes of our people, as expressed at thepolls by 6,000 majority, by sending to the Senatea sound Republican, whose vote would throw theweight ol the scale on the side of the new Presi-dent, and enable hiin to consummate those vitalquestions which were solemnly sanctioned by theAmerican people.AH here is uncertainty anddoubt. One day we hear that gentlemen me*nto execute the clearly expressed wishes of theircounties.the next, the story is entirely reversed,

i so itiat it will require a more prophetic visionthan is possessed by any one whom we know, topredict with safety the issue of the canvass..But the sapient Editor of the Express, in theCity of New Yotlc, comes forward to cut theGor-dian knot, and points to Mr. Rives as "the onlySenator whom the Whigs thissessioumn elect, ifthey can elect any one." Now the converse ofthe pioposition is generally conceded to be true.The only thing that can be said to be certainlyknown in the whole matter, is that Mr. Rives

1 cannot be elected this Winter. Nearly every oneadmits that he is not the man for the present erisis.We protest against the poverty ofthe compliment

paid to Mr. Rives by the Express. If by "soundconstitutional principles" the Editor means to de-fine the Federal heresies of the modern WhigSchool, we can give Mr. R. a diploma for his ex¬

traordinary aptness and celerity in learning hisnew catechism. Never have we known a maiexhibit more facility in blotting from his me-

mory the cardinal doctrines of strict and safe.. received from the lips ol

' and in imbibing thesub-the sweeping doctrines of

»-s Mr. Rives as a "fifenore inappropriate"?.such "impenetrable

.* ambition and of pas-mly upon the rock ofainly beating aboutze upon some float-

.self to be a Virginiaime-tried principles,

and once exaltedw saffer the keen mor-

.ame bandied about inprinciples questioned, his

iflnence vanished. But asilled forever. The party,arilv acts, have lost confi¬

dence in him.and the Democrats, who havetried hiin over and over, have "weighed him inthe balance, and found him wanting." Neitherparty desire to trust their destinies in the hands ofsuch a very "safe" politician, lie is not "safe" lorhimself.how could he be "safe" for a great par-ty 1"The Election of a Senator from Virginia..

The Legislature of Virginia re-assemble in Ja-nunry. and will, no doubt, then make some effortto elect a Senator in Congress to fill the vacancyoccurring on the 4th of March. The people ofVirginia elected a handsome majority of Whigmembers of Assembly.but the Locos have theSenate, and give out, that they will not go intojoint ballot, unless they can carry their man..Once in this joint ballot, tiic Whigs could electMr. Rives; and. in Virginia, they will take some

responsibility who refuse to «o into joint bal¬lot, and who thus leave 4.h- »r>W«t>roc<»ntpd.

" Mr. Rives is the only Senator whom theWhiirs this session can elect, if they can electany one; and we think, therefore, it would In? wellfor the Whig party to unite on him. In thepresent critical position of the United States Se¬nate, it is a matter of so much importance tosecure a conservative majority there, that minordiflereuces of opiuion should be overlooked..Mr. Rives learns sound constitutional principlesslowly, it is true, but he is a safe man, and in tne«ctimes* it is every thing to have a safe man in theSenate.

' It is needless to dwell upon the importance ofhaving a majority in the Senate, when wars, trea¬

ties, tariffs and the currency so much depend on it.The Senate is now the only hopeol safe govem-ment for the Republic."On this subject, we shall to-morrow publish a

powerful letter addressed to a friend by L. J.Bowden, Esq., Delegate from Williamsburg, inwhich he delinks his position, and puts in thestrongest light the outrage that would be comrait-ted oh Virginia by the election of a Federal Se-

i nator, in the face of so many eloqnent facts.

WHAT NEXT?The Richmond Whig, in its fiery crusade

against the foreigners who come to our shores to

avoid the petty tyrants of Europe anJ to devoteall their talents and industry (and in many in¬stances their precious gold) to the advancementami prosperity of their new asylum in a freeland, took especial pleasure in hunting up evi¬dence of overt acts on the part ol the GermanStates for the landing among us all the paupersand criminals in their borders. This was broughtforward as a leading argument, why the people ofthe United Stales should violate the spirit of ourfree Constitution, and give a vital stab to their pasttjlorious history, by the adoption of the ultra tuea-sures of that Whig organ, amounting to a com-

plete exclusion from our shores of the oppressedof all nations. What foreigner would come to

America, if he Mere to labor forever in the sup¬port of a Government, and still tie eternally de¬barred from expressing his opinions as to themanner in which that Government should be ad-ministered ?The ibllowing article from the Baltimore Sun

(Neutral) wrests the sweet morsel from the lipsof our Federal neighbor. He must go to work,and find out some new lever to put down the as-

pirations for liberty, which our suffering brethrenacross the water ma)' dare to indulge :

"Immigration or Palters and Criminals..Several articles have lately appeared in the pub-lie press, to the effect that the German States were

ridding themselves of the paupers and criminals,by sending them to this couutry, and that severalsuch importations had already come over. TheNew York Express says, that'Mr. Leopold Bier-with, an officer of the German Society of thatcity, understanding that these stories originatedfrom an American Consul, in Germany, who hascommunicated it officially to his Government,wrote to the Secretary of State, for information on

the subject, and was informed that no such com¬

munication had been made, thus proving the falsi¬

ty of the rumor, and exonerating the GermanStates from so gross a charge."

P. S. Since writing the above, we have seen

a later number of the Sun, which quotes the Na-tional Intelligencer as saving, that "a letter was

addressed by Consul List to this Government, not

through the Department of State, but throughthe Department of the Treasury, from whichletter the charge alluded to is taken. It is datedat the Consulate of the United States at Leip-sjc, March 8, 1S37, and is addressed to the Hon.Levi Woodbury, Secretary of the Treasury.".This correction does not, in our humble opinion,materially afiect the above statement. If thesepaupers and criminals had been emptied on our

shores eight years ago, why have we not heard ofthe outrage before 1 Whv has the thonder ol the

Whig press slumbered, 'till alter the defeat ofHenry Clay by these "vile foreigners V'

J^rThe Romney Gazette has anticipated our

enquiry. It is true, (is it not?) that the Fedcral-ists of Hardy, who can look down all oppositionin their own county, are casting the shadow oftheir influence upon Hampshire. The spuriousdeeds, as made bv the Hardy people, are stampedon their face with frauds.We call upon the Editor to give us the details.

a copy of the deeds.their number.names ef par-ties, ic., &c. If there be any question on whichthe people ought to be informed, this is preciselythe question.

Instructions to the Missouri Senators..Aseries of resolutions instructing the Senators fromMissouri to vote for the immediate annexation ofTexas to the U. States, has passed both branchesof the Legislature of that State.Death op Hon. W! W. Southoate..We

learn from the Cincinnati papers thai the Hon. W.W. Sou thgate. for several years a member of Con¬gress from Kentucky, died at his residence inCovington on Friday night hist.

the nondescript.W e have finally dclermined to lay before our

readers the following production ofa NondescriptPolitician. It is impossible to specify the variousphases of his political creed, without some sur¬

prise. For example.He voted for Polk.isagainst Clay, an old-farhioncd National Bank,but for a new-fangled institution, on a peculiaiprinciple, and is against Rives and Lyons (asa Senator.) On the oilier side of the medal,for a protective Tariff) for Distribution, forBotts as Senator, for Garnelt as Delegate..He goes for Texas, for which we sincerelythank him. That predilection covers a multitude,(we will not say of transgressions, but) of minordiffidences of opinion. Our friend, the Constitu¬ent of Essex, is a man of talent, which would en¬title him to weight, but for the eccentricity of hisopinions. How any man, who goes for Texas,and against the former Bank, could go for I\lr.Botts, is of itself one of those mysteries whichrequire a greater CEdipus than ourselves to un¬

ravel.For the Enquirer.

Polkvjlle, Dec. 10, IRll.Mr. Muscat Ij. Garnctl (Delegate from the coun¬

ty nf Esse* ':)Dear Sir:.The Governor's Message that you

have been so good as to forward to me has beenreceived, for which accept my thanks. TheEnquirer of the 6th instant, which I by some

means missed, would have been more acceptable,as I received the Message in the Whig at thesame time. Iam peculiar in my political senti¬ments; consequently cannot go the partizan witheither Whig or Democrat, but cm free to confess,that my partialities for the last two years inclinestrongly towards the Whigs, believing, as I do,that as a party they are more elevated in senti¬ment, disinterested in conduct, and much moreliberal in their social relations than the Locos. Igo with Whigs in regard to a discriminatingProtective Tariff, bccatisc a portion of theduties arc drawn from foreigners, and I can

see no objection to an overflowing Treasuryat any time, and certainly there should be nonewhen many of the States cannot meet their lia¬bilities, and would be glad to receive their respec¬tive portions of any excess that may remain inthe national Treasury, after the economical wantsof the Government have been discharged Ofcourse, I am for a distribution of the land mo¬

ney, and other exccss with an overflowing Treasu¬ry, and against any distribution with a deficientone.

It is to the interest of all nations to be recipro¬cally moderate in their exactions; but if this prin¬ciple be violated,then countervailingdutiesshouldalways be extracted from the offending party..I go against a National Bank, founded and con¬

ducted in a spirit of favoritism, and for the bene¬fit of individual stockholders, but would favor aninstitution based upon the deposits, and conductedfor the general welfare.such an institution asI have heretofore explained to you in detail.

1 am for the annexation of Texas, because theinhabitants have won their freedom, and deservecountenance and protection, and more particu¬larly from the United States than from anv otherpower, because of their proximity, their wishes,and that they arc principally our people; andwere they overtaken by adversity or disaster onsome remote quarter of the globe, it would lvourbusiness to afford them succor, and, more par-ticularly, if engaged in dclence of their fairly ae-

quired right?. Mexico luts no more control overthe conduct of Texas than any other independentpower; for sovereignties are eijnal, however largeor small, and we, and oilier nations, regard heras a sovereignty.Suppose old "Johnny Q.. were to dissolve our

Union, and separate confederacies were to arisefrom the fragments, and Delaware orRhode Islandwere to set up for herself, what control would thenew Republics have over them? None what¬ever. So if war succeed the measure of An¬nexation, it would not be of our seeking; andthe people of Mexico. I imagine, would havemore to lo«=e than our citizens; for we should cer¬

tainly conquer Mexico, and then should have a

right to dispose o: at as we pleased.Lyons, in his discussion in Tappahanr.oclt

asked, what prudent man would give Yorktowaor Bunker's Hill for Texas'? A very sillv qnes-tion, I thought, as we can retain all 'the glory ofour Kevotu.u.,, lsirinto"K--sides. Clay lost his election by opposing themeasure. He knew full well, that the abolition¬ists held the balance of power, and he ami hisfriends strove to at'ain what he had no goodgrounds to expect, and, consequently, gave a cer-

tait.ly for an uncertainty. I advised the Whips,from the ou:sct, not to make it a party question)and not to allude to Texas in conversation, or inpublic speeches; but their desperate course theywould pursue, regardless of consequences; andnow they are blaming the poor foreigners lortheir own indiscretion, Jorg^tting that these menvoted for Hanison in 18-10, and may help theWhigs again iri time of neet': for. if" von with¬hold naturalization from foreigners, those whohave become citizen* will revenge themselves,bv their votes, on all lit occasions, so that thedisfranchisement, instead of strengthening, willweaken the party; the very reverse of what theycontemplated, will be the "effect. The Democratsout-nianujuvied the Whigs during the whole con¬

test, anil I perceived that the nomination of SilasWright would secure Polk's election, and with allthe previous bad management of th<» Whigs, theywould have succeeded, but fortius judicious moveof the Democrats.

I have never been one of Mr. Clay's admirers.I have always supposed him to be dictatorial andrevengeful, and but for the heavy pecuniary loss¬es of the Whigs, I could not regret his defeat..The party may hnv deserved success, but nottheir leader. I conceive him to be an old offen¬der, and a great sinner, and not a character bvany means to merit the patronage of the ladies,anil it is certainly in bad taste to erect monumentsin honor ol those who have been relinked and re¬

jected by the people. It is a reflection upon theircapacity for self-government, and will be consi¬dered as such, as the step will obviously proceedmore from a spirit of resentment than a patrioticdesire to perpetuate deeds of fame or ennoblingvirtues. It will not be ?. monument calculated tothrill the heart and fill it with delight, but to en¬kindle popular resentment. Send him the silverplate; the present will be of sonic value.will al¬leviate mortification, REMORSE, and be a

means of gratifying the ladies, without offendingthe public, or violating the principle of popularsupremacy. If the ladies really lore Clay, theyshould render him some favor; but it never willlie believed, that moral, civil or personal attrac¬

tions, so much as commiseration for disappointedgrief, have actuated the tender sensibilities of theladies.

I was pleased to see, that you surprised the Go-liah of Democracy and his party, in regard to

the Land Fund; discovering that the fruit wasripe, you plucked it without apparent difficulty.The circumstance, no doubt, aroused them ; butthey awoke only to behold the prize borne be¬yond their reach or the power of recovery! Youdeserve great credit for this, and the Spring elec¬tion will show that the act has been justly appre¬ciated.

1 hope you will not elect William C. Rive*United States Senator.His political historyleaches us, that self-interest, rather than patri-otism, controls his movements; and if, by an cx-

emplification of hi? real character, he has for-feited the confidence of the Loco*, we should bethe more distrustful in confiding important politi¬cal trusts to his equivocal agency. If yon do,you mav naturally calculate that, in times of dis¬tress, difficulty and danger, he will abandon yourcause, as a rat would a sinking ship. Neither isLyons to be trusted.the Locos are entirely toofond of him.and his taunts, his sneers and hisscoffs cannot suppress their admiration and par¬tiality for him. Something wrong, I apprehend,lurking here; and, if the Loco* should fail in se¬

curing a man of their own, they will pluck Ly¬ons from you as you did the Land money fromthem. Botts, I think, is the man, as it would becruel and tinjnst for him to supersede the Speak¬er, unless he could supply his place; and, besides,the utmost confidencc can be placed in his talents,his fidelity and patriotism.in a word, his effi¬CIENCY; and, therefore, why speculate with re-

ganl to future contingencies/when the truth, allpotent, striking and engaging, forcibly presentsitselll It were folly to indulge in theory, whenthe fact weseek lies palpably belore us, in simple,but stern Republican features. You must excuse

my (probably) unwelcome intrusion;.being yourpolitical supporter, induces me to express myselfthe more freely. A constituent.

The ute Ho*x.-It is now acin^1 ,hlt,t!JCaccount of the abolition riotjn P ''^ °Lwn. u.",0>and recapture of negroes*^6*1" ,"e white.-,was an entire hoax thp^gnout. Some Journalsare indignant; we on contrary are glad that itwaa a hoax.that n^such opffngeous murder oc¬

curred; but we submit to t*c person who got it up,whether such falsehood are innocent in their ef¬fects.whether our rrtmtry docs not suffer fromthe wide circular"11 gi;ren to a wretched hoax" jlike this, and 7nether any explanations or apol¬ogy, couldAWJfy such a mischievous, if not atro-ciousAii«hood7.[.V. Y, Sun.

For the Enquirer,COUNTY COURTS.-No. III.

Tit the General AssemUv of Virginia:It will be seen, upon an examination of the

sketch given, thai it is a part of the scheme, that allthe civil business is proposed to l»c placed in theQuarterly Courts, and all the criminal businessin the monthly terms. This change would not be so jgreat as to give ri«e to any difficulty, or 1 appre-hend be any ground ofobjection, while it wouldgreatly facilitate business in both the monthlyand quarterly sessions; an advantage I presumewhich would more than counterbalance any evilwhich might by possibility grow out ol it. it willalso he seen at a glance, that the Commonwealth'sAttorneys would be diminished in number; allnt)w in oflice would be deprived of their presentoffices, and the "Presiding justices" would occu-py their places.but there is little doubt but that1'ioni the ranks of the present Attorneys for theCommonwealth, the new otlice would be filled.these would be the chief, if not onlyehnnsn made;and while the County Court would retain itspresent organization, it would have at its com¬mand always the knowledge and skill, oftht "Pre¬siding Justice," and thus a reform would he ac¬

complished, without attacking old prejudices asinjuriously affecting a tribunal having alreadyenlisted in its favor the habits and good will ofthe people.One objection has been urged against *!>.! pro-

posed scheme, by those whose opinions arc enti¬tled to respect, which it becomes me to notice asfully as my brief spr.ee will permit; it is this: thatby the scheme "a judicial officer is appointed, whoex-olJicio is also an Attorney." I confess thatfrom choice, I would not create such an officer asis here described, but we arc placed in actuationin which we must seek not what is perfect, but

j that which it is in our power to obtain. If, how-ever, we examine the objection, we will find thatit is a matter almost impossible to point to anvoilier, whose duties, abstractly considered, ruewholly judicial or wholly ministerial; a minglingof judicial and ministerial powers in some degree) is not uncommon, and we find no injury to resultIrorn it, so far as necessity has forced us hereto¬fore to g<>, in mingling these powejs; and if, in thiscase, it is carried farther than in those with u hichwe are familiar, yet we introduce no new princi-pie.and the circumstances of the case justify usin the step, when no real evil can result, andmuch good may be the consequence. Again, itought to be observed that the PresidingJustice cannever, under any circumstances, Ik? called on loex-ercisehis duties' as prosecutor, and his powers as amagistrate in the same forum.the office whichhe will hold in the quarterly sessions, where civilbusiness will lie transacted, being perfectly sepa¬rate and distinct from that held bv iiim in themonthly terms and in the Superior Court.theonly connexion between them being, that theywill beheld by the same person. The "PresidingJustice" will be, from the nature of his office, ina judicial position in the Courts of quarterly ses¬sion; and at the monthly terms he will hold an of¬lice in its nature approaching a judicial one, asin practice. It rests in the judgment of the Cotn-monwealth's Attorney to decide whether a personcharged with a crime shall be prosecuted or r.<":and this practical power niav, indeed, be adducedas an instance of the minglingof powers laid asthe ground of the objection under consideration.And, not to multiply instances to ineei this objec-tion, we may here, to show that mingling in lie:same officer ministerial and judicial function-;.i« not new in the system under which we live, re¬call the following quotation, upon which 1 jiimnow happen to lay inv hand, which i^ apt andproper: "The power and duty of a Sheriff areeither ns a Judge.as the Kee|»cr of the King's

i peace.as a wini<itrial nj/iccr of the Superior! Courts of Justice.or King's Bailiff. In hisjitt/uial capacity, he is to hear an I determine allcauses of forty shillings value and under, in hi>

j County Court, and he ha« a jwliiini power in di¬vers other civil cases.". [D'aIt. on hheii/fs, C. 4.No injury has heretofore resulted in such cases,

and il injury is apprehended, it is incumbent onthose who urge the objection, to show how ill willcome: and I hope I may lie pardoned for saying,| that I think it will be found that the objection herehas its origin in prejudice, rather than in reason.Having thus n >:iced the most usv.nl objection

to the scheme, and having enumerated the evilswhich it is sought to correct, allow me furtherspare, briefly to enumerate th<* positive advnn-»<..«¦. *' - ;l ... I,,,,,, : |j[. v. J, *>f|(l ||,p

| most prominent arc th.'se: a profess ion;, 1 manj will alw.ivs lie a member of the County t ,'ourt.«,j affording to the members of the Court the b-ne-

fit of his knowledge and experience. There lie-! ing a head to the Court, business under his di-I rcction will be promptly and pro|x.*ilv c-.no'ueied.! While justice will be promptly administered, withincreased certainty and despatch, the saving ineach county, in time and money to suitors amiwitnesses will, I verily belie--. be more than riou-Me the salary of the' Presiding Justice." Theefficiency of the County Coins being restored,the b'i«incs ol the Circuit Jnrg's wi'l :.e greatlydiminished and the frequent rc».ii. now so

necessary, to spccial and intermediate terns, tothe harrassing of the j-cople, the .Midge and theBar, be entirely obviated. In addition to thesebenefits il may properly be urged, that 'he officeof "Presiding Justice" will be a seh mI in which

! will be formed, that rarest, but most important ofall our officers, a good nisi prius Judge.While the duties of the' Presiding Jusiice" will

be onerous and troublesome, yet it our calcula¬tions with regard to the salary and perquisites are

correct, it will command Mich talent and learn-ing as may be sufficient; and the system of "Or-phan's Courts,"so much needed, so important, and

I si) often vainly asked for, will in cfl'ccl lie obtain-j ed.order will be introduced where disorderreigns.legal business will be restored to chan-uels which it was intended to occupy, but whichfire now aim .st deserted.and this will be acconi-

/.'<)/. the Ivnquiar.HINTS ON THE CRIMINAL LAWS OK

VIRGINIA.. [No. III.]To the Legislature:Having, in November, shown you Iiow much

the escape of guilt from jut-lice i* promoted byour Kxainimng Courts, by the via \ncrof sumvwn-ing juries to try felon* and by the ixccssiic num-her of arbitrary c/tojlcngcs allowed them; I ceasedto write, only for fear of obtruding upon yonmore than ray share of the Mtetjeslions withwhich, wc out of-door adviseis, commonly tirethe attention of the Legislature: not at all forlack of other defects to s-how, and other amend-menls to propose. Not at all. For years I havebeen nut in?, in our penal laws, inconsistenciesand delec's must plarin?. which 1 meant at sun.?time to expose. They would occupy several cu-

| luinns of a newspaper.Sometimes the law affixes a severer punishment

to a small offence than to a greater one. Sume-times it is unreasonably a respecter of persons;and bears with oppressive weight and deep injus-lice upon one class, for offence*, which in anotherclass it visits with dove-like mildness. Two of-fenccs, at least, which strike at the foundation ofmoralsand of domestic peace, are threatened withpenalties ludicrously lenient; anJeven that threati* made impotent, by requiring two witnesses tu

prove the crime. At least one offence is madeheavily punishable, so unnatural that a humanbeing would scarcely dream of it, ii the law didnot put it into his mind. And at least one, ottenoccurring, for which, in some cases, death wouldbe not too severe, has no punishment.is not evenforbidden!

For several, if not more, transgressions, it isdifficult to say what is the lawful punishment, or

what tribunal shall inflict it: difficult, even to a

lawyer.how much more to a magistrate. Nota few of these perplexities grow from our reten¬tion of the clumsy, puzzling and disgracefulphrase "Benefit of Clergv:" "others, from thethoughtlessness, or ignorance, ofthose who penn¬ed the laws. For instance, can any one tell thepenalty for a slave or free negro's robbing in a

field, not near any highway? And when, col.tine the "Act concerning Benefit of Clergy," with.j or 0 other Arts, and a case in Ith Leigh, hehas with labor decided, that the free yfccshall go to the Penitentiary for f> yea^, s|j0!]ld(as a white man wonld,) while tfrr as the court"sufR such corporeal puofocrpreted, 39 lashesshould think fit," wb»<jh3'Uch offence, the slave;.but that for^a .Jp'free man is only sent to theis hanged, w{>jr jjfp. t|ien waiving these incon-Penitent;'* j jf such ofneurity in a-ru laws,.l^lcss p?nal laws, ought to l>c toleratedin a country like this? In Rome, even under;the Ctcsars, the laws were displayed in public so

low as "to be plainly read from the ground;7' andit was a refinement of Caligula's tyranny, to

hang them too his»h to be read, and then punishtheir violation. Have not yonr predecessors beenequally unjust ? Again.hy a general law

[I R. C. 61-2, $ 48] the fine for a misdemeanor isto be assessed by a jurv. But the law of limitedpartnerships fActs of lf«T. C. 67, J 10] subjects a

fraudulent partner to "fine, or imprisonmsnt, or

both, at the discretion of the Cmirt by which he shallbe tried." Now, is the Court, or a j ury, to assess

this fine?These instances of darkness and doubt are

taKen at random. Snmma papuvcra carpcns,crnnot here be applied to inc. These are not thechief, or a lithe ot the like fault*, clouding thecri-minal code of Virginia, and (it is no excess tosay) casting a shade over her good name.

\et, many and ugly as these Mots in our penallegislation are, another mischief surpasses themin hideousnes's, and in dauber. That mischiclis. the ill working, too often the no working, ot th<*machinery intended to enforce the laws. Magis-trates, grand jurors, judges, and executive orti-c«.rs leave numerous and important duties unful-filled. Sheriffs and justices see and tolerate un-lawful assemblies of slaves. Justices wink atgambling; cav, (as do some judges,) gamblethemselves. Grog shops arc licensed, where theyare proved to be nuisances, most unwelcome tolarge portions of the neighbors. Grand jurorsleave these and scores of other offences unpresent-ed; not, perhaps, "through fear, favor or a flection,"but through indolence, and haste to gel home, indisregard of their oath "diligently to inquire in¬to" all such matters. And when they do present,the court in some counties discharges the offenderso regularly, upon the "rule to show cause," or amotion for a noil* prosci/vi, that the grand juriesthere have come to think it a mere waste of paperto make a presentment. Since I have filled mypresent oilice, one hundred presentments have

Erobably l«eeti made in the county courts, of whichardly six have come before a petty jury. The

rest have been dismissed, mostly on the defend¬ant's own oath of exculpation. As to convictingan overseer of a road, no matter what his ollicialdelinquency.shooting a ghost were as easy. Tento one, the court "lets him of!';" but the jury ncveifail to acquit him.

I suggest no remedies, now, for these ill-.allofthem you could alleviate, and many you couldremove; but the roofs of many can be reachedonly by the people themselve:.only bv turningpublic opinion in certain directions, more strong¬ly and decidedly than now. One radical mea-sine for liiem must be, to elect tin ir Si; le lawgi¬ver* mute with a view lo their Virginia duties,and with lc>s regard to things at Washington..So long as the constituent body make the ques-ticn of Whig or Democrat, nine-tenths, insteadof one fortieth part, of their test of fitness for ascat in the Stale Legislature, so long will theircode, both criminal and civil, remain confused,patchy, inconsistent and obscure. 1 do not meanto disparage yon, gentlemen, but the system.At present, let me on!v remind you of the

claims my first three topics have to your itnme-diate action. In the names ot those many wit¬nesses and officer?, whom you will save from wan¬ton harrassment by doing away lixamuiumCourts.\n the names of the jurors and witnesses,whom you will save from almost eq* al vexationby directing every rcnuclo betaken 'emote fromthe scene of the crime.and in the n; me of pub-

, lie justice, whom you will bot seive by thosemeasures, and by narrowing to two or three theprisoner's peremptory challenges, I call upon youwot to let this session pass away without suchenactments. Do not wail for a general revisal,but enact these as piineiples to be emlxnlied in it.They will serve as feelers towards the revisal, astenniive efforts to prove your own hand, and toascertain the people's pleasure. My life upon it,both you and they will Ik.- pleased with yourwork on trial. It will save lal>or, complication,and expense. It will promote justice. It will tellinstantlv to the re I iff of dozens, perhaps hun¬dreds, whom ihe present laws every month ag¬grieve and opp!e*h.

Your lellow-eiti/.cn,A Commonwk.w.th's Attohsev.

December l^il.

I\>r the Entjvircr.AN APPEAL TO LA WYEHS,

Art*I.VST TIIK Te.MI'KK 4.SXK Scc-IKTV.Dear Brethren: Looking over my lee book ihc

other day, J was wonder-stricken to find that three.'"Wths ol my profits had sprung from, what thinkvou. \\ hy, from thosedelicions twenties whichthe temper*!uctf folks would br.ni'«h from ire.

Nearly all my (attest lees have been in rasesthat grew out ot Honor. Every writ for divorce,or (or separate maintenance,' that 1 have eveibeen concerned in, hall the actions of slandernine-tenths of the assaiilt-snd-balterv cases, andlour-fifths o| those most interesting and best p;iu!eMitrover>ie«, criminal prosecutions, havecomelr<>m that source. When those delicate jar>

j ..r»-o, \\ liieu tin* vulvar doom diseoids, betweeninai. aiiilv. ;tl>, ^rc-.vjn« ;:t tosiieh a pilchthat nothing but two paiis ot lawyers and a

; Chancellor can regulate them; and when, out ofthese discoid*, each lawyer with wizard skill ha*

j evoked harmony thenjo.-t delightful to his ear.afine ol two, Jour or live hundred dollars; to what

I isit 11,1 °Jring1 Ungrateful do?, if he doubts ort urrets it: he owes it all to diint;! The husbandwould have plixided on ihroiitrh life, insipidly |»-vui« his wile and doing his duties, (ot nouse to lawyer, clcik or sheriff.) but f.r thetimely intervention ot' our friend, the bottle.This made him eenerons to tho«c who had no

claims ufii'ii him, at thr* expense ol those who hadclaims. T.ns made him Reulitrcni. an,I dash in v.in a gentlemanly wnv: delightful to his taverncompanions. though now and th"ti rough to hiswile: mr.dehirmctjtrae; debts, he knew not how:leave his house ami farm to get out of order, hisl iinilvto be ill-supplied, (he woman's heart totlirob stranirely, and her cheek to grow thin and

hxecutions would come. rJ*he scenes, on

his midri&htly return, would wax richer and'"'her in ine'dem.more and more slrilinc a

punster would say.till she could bear them no

longer; and.j/r were called in. Then the fees!I know an Attorney for the Commonwealth

who sweats, that he has |>ecn concerned in a do¬zen eases or more, of wives asking snretr of thepeace against their husbands; and that in all of

j them save one, the wives declared on oath, thatj luC^ violence they hail su/lered was only whenj their lord* were in liquor. Now all these caseswere grist (,.. our mill.

i .vrn the plainer, mlur/i,iz business.action*ol i.ebts, and upon accounts.we owe uicstlv toour ally, .Mr. Barleycorn. Gaming, usuty, badbargains, ill thrill, misunderstandings about con-

tracts, imperceivod decays of fortune, and manvother causes of difficulty leading to lawsuits

j ari'-e on', of ihc "cup ol 'kindness." When thefarmer lets his store account run on, unpaid, forso many years that the merchant has to sue, tento one(if/.W account Unot ehieily for liquor)thcfarmer has a larjjc li'j'tor account somewhereelse.The liquor sellers themselves.what inesti-

mable cusiomeis ik.fi/are. to lawyers! How vasta proportion of the bonds, notes an I accounts,anntiallv put in suit, come from ihc desks ofthose noble patrons of science and ofart! patronsof nvalid its kindred sciences*.ofilHtillationand i's artiliatedarts.'Phvsie, pauper-making, theeollin-maniifaetiire, J»ri (in-btiildin5. gallows-ma-kins and all kinds of penitentiary work, not tomention transport-navigation and the exploring

l of new countries, (Botany Bay, &c.,) are a lewof the arts that thrive bv means of the liquor sel¬lers. What la wyer would dare to offend them, orwould tvish to spoil their business? Are w« siliv

J children, to quarrel with our bread and butter?.The loss of iheir direct custom would lose me

[ hundreds a year; and their indirect agency makesmore than half my fortune.Nay, as man milks the cow and works the ox

while they live, and eats them when dead; sothe good that those noble patrons do us lawyersin their fall, is well nigh equal to the good theydo us while they stand, l-'or a great New York

j judre, much quoted by the temperance men, say«,that "of the tavern keepers and retailers ofardentspirits in that State, during the last forty years,more than two-thirds have become drunkards, andreduced their families to poverty." Now, i: is nodoubt so too in Virginia: and in the transit ofalarge liquor dealer from wealth to poverty, is itnot exhilirating to think how many goodjobslawyers occur? £Je take.* deeds of tiusf, he£:'^edeeds of trust, which a lawyer mD^u^tn('ie j,brines a multitude of suits, Creditors scram-brought against hi.n. a tlj^.y ol paymeni olltble\ \\ ith each oUier^hole scene, even in descrip- j

I tion' ''hink' o( mmc-r in m>' Pur5<?-

I Tfc .

* 7^1peranee men quote another Judge,j t.«e testimony, mark how I will turn againstthem ! I thank the eenMemen (as we say at theBar) for introducing su^h authorities.

*

JudgeHale said (Sir Matthew) that if all the murdersrobberies, thefts, and other crimes, which lie had*seen prosecuted in forty years, were divided intonve pa its, four ot those parts would b^ found .

t racea ble to strong drink. And this is said to be truehere in Virginia.Now, my answer to this is, that as every crimi-

nai nearly, employs one or more lawyer* (Acn.rre criminals there are, the better for us. So muchfur Sir Matthew.We, therefore, in every view of our best inter-

",re b°nnd to give no countenance to this"Temperance Reformation." The total-absti-ncncc principle on which it proceeds now-a-davs Ithreatens our staunehest ally with extirpation..Let us not aid or abet the cold-water lanatics intheir crusade against the feast of reason and thetlow o! sotjI. Temperate drinking is the thinelor us. If we drink temperately (being men "ofmar* and likelihood") many others will insensi-bly gltce into eices*; to the great increase of ourharvests. We shall also conciliate the liquor-venaers. And by haunting bar-rooms, or other j

merry-making places, wt^hall captivate the jol¬ly lads that use there. They will cr 11 us goodfellows, and give us many a enfe which the eold-water prigs might els-- have gotten.

If some of us chance to be caught in our ownsnare, and become occasionally mellow, 'twillonly be bringing back a good usage ol the oldentime. Mar.y a great lawyer has drawn bis in¬spiration from the bottle. Why not we? Iji thetime of Hudibras, there was a muse,

"that with ale or viler liquorj,Did inspire Withers, I'ryn, and Vickars,And make them, tho' il were in spite^Of nature and their stars, to write."

So, any of us to whom nature and our starshave denied the girt ol eloquence, may quart itfrom a glass of wine or todd v, or a punch-bowl,ourCastaly. JThe Doctors are jointly interested wijh us, in

maintaining the dominion of good drink.* It putsmoney in their purse. I once heard a r^'ht emi¬nent physician say, (a tirm atulainn trj>m totalabstinence,) that it "alcoholic drinks were doneaway, il would preally en tail the pro/its «' the doc¬tors." These were his very words.Some lawyers, alxittors of what they call "the

great Reformation," weakly argue, that the solidand permanent welfare of our professinr. is inse¬parable from that of th; community and that,as the community would undoubtedly m betteredby the total disuse of intoxiratingdrinks,so wouldwe Hut this is a mer- abstraction. !¦. ta<*t. itis little better than metaphysical; as 1 couldprove, if 1 hail time.

Your lo ing brother,Christmas Day, ISM. A LAWYER.

?Blackstone says, "the *. ieneo.- *re social, andtlourish liesi irieach otherS neighborhood:" andCicero says, "all art" have a common tie. and are

j held together by a .v>rt of kinship' .hais.nl ip'od-tiam iontmunc riutiiluw. & ..

For thr Entntirsr.TO RICHA I! D II TOLER, Esq.

I address this communication to vou, l-ccauseyou are Chairman of il»r> Committee in the Le¬gislature which hr» charge of the subject of In¬ternal Improvement, as well as because of the in¬fluence yen are capable of exercising in ihe bodyol which you are a distinguished member.Without further preface, then, let me ask, what

does the Legislature intend t» do for the JamesRiver Improvement this winter? Is that "reatwork to lie left in its present condition, or is'k toIjc extended further West ? Jn other words, is i;tolH! abandoned to the fate that inevitably awaits'it, it l. ft to its own unaided ellbrts ? or will theLpgi*lniure provide the means for it.- further pro-'sedition?

1 hese are important questions.important, itseems to me. to the whole Commonwealth of Vir-ginia; to the East as well as to the West; but \i-tally important to us on the West o| the BlueRidge. What is our situation ? A few yearsago. the canal was put under contract fromLynchburg to the mouth of North River. Theold canal, which atlurded at least a sale convey¬ance through the mountains, was pulled downand destroyed, and we were remitted to the navi-gat ion of our forefathers, or rather of the sava"eswho inhabited our country centuries ago. But,sir. we endured this patiently, although j| was at-tended'.villi imminent danger tc both life and ear-.j,- iiel'Vvitig, as we did. that it would be so onlvfor "a season, and that in a few yea's we shouldhave the new canal finished and in successful ope-lation. Rut, alas! years have tolled awav, andwe aic still in the same condition. There is thenew canal; but it is only half finished, and seem>to l<e abandoned to dilapidation and urea v. Theiuifroveiuent we once had, has been taken from

j us, and nothing ht» been given in its place; andj every boat laden with flour or other produce, thatj now passes through the mountain, runs the im-mincnt hazard ot being dashed to pieces againsttin- huge rocks over which the river tumbles andfoams in its passage. ]'his :s no exaggciatedpicture. It is the naked truth; and in view of it.let me a»k, whether common justice does not re-

cjuire that we should, at least, lie placed in as

got-: a condition as we were in liefore the newwork* was commenced. It seems to me. thatevery candid and itnpaitial inau must confess,t!iat it docs, and that the grossest injustice ha>been done to us in thi< particular.

IJ til. :sir, this U not all. There is another viewol the Mtlject tlir.t makes the injustice ..till moreglaring. We all remenik-r the difficulty of se-

j curing the ihaitei foi'the.lames Riv*i Company.and the strenuous e%rts made^tp obtain subscti-b t- to the stock. Irf^ose e(Wrts, the West par-

J tieipated, and in several counties a liberal sub-scription was obtained. I might mention Bote¬tourt, Monroe, and other Western counties. Onegentleman, I think, in tin- former, took fifty shares,and I know others who subscribed as liberally]considering their means. Now, have we not a

right to c'.' inaiid that this wotk, upon which our

ino'vy has itcen spent, and which oilier-; are en-

joying the benefit of, shall he brought within ourreach ; at nil events, that it .shall not be allowed

j to remain a curse, instendol'a blessing to its ?But admitting al! this to be true, yt»'i in;.y ask,

what crtn the L"jjis!attire do in the present con¬dition of the country ? Rather a>k. what wtt.t,th" Legislature do. lor they t .iv if they wii.t. !.Or.lv kt tliem, instead of suggesting iioiihts andditlieulties, s.-t to woikin good earnest, and mylife upon it, the wotk will progress, an ! that with¬out detriment to any interest its the Common¬wealth, and without the dangerof lutuie repudia¬tion either. I will not undertake to suggest themode or manner in which the aid of the Stateshall lie afforded ; but even supposing .she hnd toborrow the money, or to lend her credit to theCompany to do so, would that be any such greatand unheard-of thing? Virginia » said to liethe mother of Statesmen, and, I lor one, do notdeny it; but whether that lie so or not, she is themother of us all, whether we live on this or thatside of the mountains. She stands in \<k« vnrai-Iif to al! her citizens. Well, Sir, is it considereda great act of generosity, if a parent should ad¬vance h»s son v, hen about to commence life forhimself, or that hesh'. tld even l-orrow money tostart him in business, not having himself the pre¬sent means of doing so ? And what is the differ¬ence between that cast* and the one in band ?.The Wc«t is just starting, as it were, into lite..Its resources, though treat, are undeveloped, andi: asks tor means to develop? them. Shall they beafforded 7 Or must die people of the West sitdown in despair, or d . what the Governor hintsat in his late Messate, abandon the State thathas abandoned, or cat. > n t fur tl.rm. But this isa pa in! n I part«.! tie* .> ibjut. and I will nut dwellon it.

1 say that A itginia is bound by every conside¬ration ot public policy a> well as ot justice, topush the improvement t u. How far it shouldg.», is another question. Whether the originalscheme of connecting it with the Ohio is prac¬ticable. and it >o, whether it is now desirable, are

questions about which th: re may I e a differenceo! opinion. For my par:, I believe the tiade oithe North-west is lost to Virginia. Whilst shehas been talking and surveying, her rivals havebeen irmbns and have already pushed their iin-provements into the territory from which she ex¬

pected, at some future time, to draw an immensetrade.But if all cannot be accomplished, shall we

therefore do nothing? Is the trade of the Valley,the riehest part of Virginia, of no importance ?

Why may not the canal be finished to BucJ>»{yJ,"or Covington, and then why may it J'foTt'andnc-cled with other improvements '''unties to it?htinging the produce ot dj^'rn' ro8(, \0 ,on.For instance, the f r,.1:,ure t0 atscr,

j milted ot ¦u«tl^ve','(jaini/ed ro.id from some pointj '' a ^°2tiver to t!ie Tennessee line, is secondol\.'^"importance to ihe Commonwealth to the

1 Jatnes River canal. The two works ought to gotogether, lor when completed they will mutuallyaid each other. No doubt there are other im-jurtant improvements well deserving the patron¬age of the Legislature. I do not wish to dispa¬rage any such, but in my opinion, th03c mention¬ed arc of paramount importance.May we not then expect your efficient aid this

winter? 1 know it i- the opinion of some, thatyour constituents, having secured ihe can;* I to

Lynchburg, are opposed to its gjing further West.But. for on". I entertain nosuch nn worthy opinionof them. Their own interest, if not their magna¬nimity and generosity, forbids it. They arc asmuch interested in the extension of the canal, aswe are, and it it were otherwise, they are too gene¬rous to deny to otheis the benefits from this work-to which they are entitled in common with them"selves. Much less do I lear that your course willbe governed by selfish and sectional views. Youare at the head of a most important Committee,and nave been placed there, no doubt, because youwere capable of rising superior to any merely lo¬cal considerations, and of viewing this great sub¬ject as it bears upon the general and permanentinterests o<"the Commonwealth. Neitherdo Iap-prehend any opposition to the scheme here sug¬

gested, from the North-west They are satisfiedwith thr* improvements which other Slates haj^already and arc still making for them.andjflthey ask is, that Virginia will permit thosJ|^Hto bring their improvements througJUM^^^^Ithat they may enjoy the bencfrts^^^^^^^Hwhich Virginia herself i*

I.KG1SLATV'RK OF VIRGINIA.IK »l*SE OF DELEGATES.W'edneS'lay, January I, l>l.r>.

Petitions, &c., wen* presented and referredBy .Mr. BOLLING. of .Samuel Crawford, l*.»r

remuneration lor special services remit ted byhim as Clerk of theS'Jih regiment of militia;By Mr. STEPHENSON, of John Ambler tnt!otheis, for an incorporation ot the Preston Navi-

ii»m Manufacturing Company;By Mr. FLOOD, a preamble and resolutionsof a meeting at Buckingham Court house of law¬yers ol Buckingham, Amherst, Albemarle,Com-lieHam). Prince Edward, Charlotte ami Powhatar,relative to proposed changes in the judiciary sys¬tem of the State;By Mr. HAMILTON of Preston, remon¬

strances of citizens of Brandonville, and other ci¬tizens of said county, against changing the boun¬daries of said county by the formation of newcounties;Bv Mr. CAMPBELL, petition ol citizens of

Bwllord, for a separate election at the house oiAlex. Wade;By Mr. BANKS, fulimn we are glad to ««v

for the tint time in the House, alter a imiver,-from a severe illness,) of officers of the 83d Regi¬ment, for amendments in the militia jv-tem; also,ot citizens of Madison, for a scpaiatc election ziStony Hill: also, of other citizen*, u-i a separateelection at John Hoffman's mill;By Mr. NEWLON, t«f citizens of William'.port and vicinity, in Tayloi county, lor a changeof the name of s.-»i«l tou n to "Prunty Town."On m Hion ot Mr. FITETON ».! Wythe,Ik-folrt ii. That the Committee on Courts, 4'Cenquire into the expediency ot amending ll;e ' 1thsection of the act in relation to oriiinwries mdhouses of plivn't: entertainment, * >as provid*a more definite punishment kr otlcnce- enutre-rated in said s< ction.The Engrossed bill 'rstnblMiing the eoMn:v t

. of parts of Harrison, Tyler, Ritchie mdLewis counties," was read a third time and p.iv -

ed, tli" blank in the title having ltecn filled uit'ithe word''Doddridge," on motion ol Mi. STE¬PHENSON.An engrossed bill, "authorizing a loan to the

Valley Turnpike Company, and giving the State'sguarantee for the repayment of thrc-e-lifths there¬of," was. on motion ot Mr. STREET, laid or;the table, ayes 51), noes 43.said motior. hav.'rjjbeen warmly resisted by Mr. DENI^ONAn engrossed bill "Incorporating the President

and Directors of the Southwestern TurnpikeHoad" was, on motion ol Mr. W ITCHEH.laid H|ion the table.A resolution from the Commit'' c on Courts, «vo,

was agree! to: against the expediency of amendingthe law regulating the proceedings in cases ofprosecutions for mis-demeanors.

Mr. JACKSON called up the resolutions oflered on the jtjtli in->t. by Mr. BROA DCS of<¦peper. as follow:

1. Rcfolvd. f-if the General A*vrr,b!;j nf Virritiu»,That the lime allowed u> claimant* on the Stat«of Virginia lor revolutionary land bounty to pre¬sent the fame for adjustment, by joint revolutionadopted Febrilerv 1, 1S4'2, extended ftcm thefirst of Mairli lfc-15, as tixed in that icsolutiuri,to the 1st ?.1areh, 1*17.

'2. H-mlv-l, That the l?egi«!er of the I*andOflice of Virginia is hereby ic-trueted ti. publish.his resolution in such newspa|«i> ot this Statuas have the most genera! circulation, tor the it.-formation of claimants.A I'midebate »n-tifcd. Mess,- JACLSON

and W ITf "II EH opposed ;he le-op.itionv, a* t¦ . jthought time enough had been allowed io adim-tthese claims, and. if the time be ex let Jed, itwonktenure mainly to the benefit of speculator.-,and open the door to fraud.Messrs, STOVALL and BHOADLSof Ch'

ppp-r gave a history of thtfce claims, and urges.'the justice of the proposition. In the course ofhi* remarks, Mr. STOVALL warmly repliedthe assault* of Mr. Flail, meinbet ot Congr^>jIroni Vermont, upon the character of Virginia.

Mr. TAYLOR of Norfolk Borough thought,more time should be allowed.MesMs. COCKE nnd CAHSON siotained th«

resolutions and ciled instance* ofjust claims whichhad not yet been adjusted.The two resolutions weic then adopted.On motion of Mi. PAYNE, the Hnuc< so¬

journed.

TWKNTY-Kl'.HTII COXUKKSC.. 4.1 6t«,

Tocsufnv, Ikinnltr ,iJ.IN" SENATE.

MEMOUt Al.s, ltK"Ol.t 1'IOVS, &»..Mr. cm >ATE presented r. memorial from the

inhabitants of NonnlKiro', Mass*., remonstratingagainst '.In* annexation of Texas.

Mr. TAPPAN presented a memori.**! from c|-tizens of Cincinnati, asking a reduction of po»l-age. and :<> nU'li-h the franking privilege,

!r. B 1*011 ANAS presented ;i men.'ti.:I fromihe Society ol Friends in Pa., protesting rgain tiheai.ti' xaiion ol T'w:.*-.

Mr. 111" NT! NGD< »N, from !!:.* (*. mnut:» <» en

Commerce, rf|?r?nctl twobilK i .vomit.' ri'iinu theirpassage;oneprovides fori!iej»r.< it ngit p.-i*.;.nd the oilier regulate* ifcr pay and ptt'ineli.-n t'officers in ih«* revenue servit e.

Mr. 171*11AM presented a petition 'Vr,r.i :Y.widow oi l leman Allen, ol" Vermont, a-i.i:..; I .:

i<av for her husband's revolutionary fervi.es.Mr. WOODBRMH.iE from the Committee ,.u

Pulilie Lands, reported a l»ill granting bir.d it.| the Vincennes district lor the Wabash and KiteCanal.

Mr. CR1TTKNDKN submitted a joint refol"lion which was adopted, directing ihe Committeemi tiie Library to inquire into the expediency ofprocuring lor publication, the papers ol the la:«Alex. Hamilton

Mr. BENTON submittal .'i ipsolu'ion whichII'.» over one day, calling on th'- Picsidcnt fora copy ot the letter from Mr. Shannon to theDepartment t>f State, in reference to the payment of Ihe Mexican indemnities ol Apiil fti

July. Also calling li>r the name of the an>.n:who receives litis money there, by what authori".he was appointed, what is Ins pay, and for anyinformation he may have concerning the luden.

' nity.HOUSE OF REPRESENTAT1\ E.i.

rr.xxrMr. T1BBATTS of Ky. \»ished to Introduce,

by general consent, a proposition for the annexa¬tion of Texas.

Mr. BARNARD objcctcd-And Mr. TfBBATTS irr.ve i-.;ie< that he

would int;oducc his proposition at subsequentdav. The reporter coulu not, in t'.r confusion,learn whether it was a bill or a resolution.Mr. BELSER, ol Alabama, gave r; .nee tha'

at some subse.jiieiit p< t'io-.l !.e woi.I.i ji.i '»:i'ct :»series of tesol'itions lor annexing To*:- :o .

United Slates. These notices weic ciitcuv nthe Journal.

INDIAN* Af'rAlftr.r.A Bill to amend an A.-t regulating «>«(r.

course with the Indian Trite#, ws- *»«.'. t cia;and referral to the Committee ''

'"-Bi.'c r*,""a'resolution to let -

Mr. HOT,".STONinittee of the Whole ' :trninaie alldeba'^/c and icduce the ptiee <.! Pul-the Bill JoP^liich was rejected. Aves Vj, and

i iic.i-rrHE PORTS.

Mr. VANCE. ofOhio, moved to suspend t hi?rules, (or the purpose of teeeiving it-posts frcinthe standing committees The rules wtiesus-pen.led, ar.d the Speaker then proceeded !u callon the Standing Committees for Reports.

Reports weic then submitted from the Com¬mittee on Claims, the Committee on Post Officeand Post Roads, the Committee on Commerce,the Committee on Mileage, the Committee onMilitary Affairs, on Foreign Affairs, on NavalAffair:', on Invalid Pensioners, on Paicnis. amiseveral other Committees, which were read auireferred.Mr. KENNEDY, of Md., from the Commit¬

tee on Coinmeice, reported a bill to alter themod-: of pdmeasurement and adjustment of thetonnage of vessels, in the merchant service of t'r,«United States, which was referred to the Com¬mittee of the "Whole.Mr. PRATT reported a joint resolution in

favor of a national monument to the memoryot Washington.A resolution was offered authorizing the di--

trikution ol the surplus wood purchased fct 'heuse of the House, among the poor ot the city olWashington.Mr.G. W. JONES, ofTenn., contended that th^

House had no authority to distribute this wood,fur this object. The people of his State had totake care of their own poor, and he thought tl.opeople of the city of Washington should do the;same.Some conversat:

Speaker an

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