THE ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

LIFESTYLE AND OCCUPATIONS

Of the English Renaissance

Village Life

Village life changed with the seasons Family’s were close and skills were often passed

from father to son Rural England had its

own social hierarchy: Monarch, lord,

Gentury, yeoman, tenants, skilled laborers, and landless unskilled laborers

Family Life

Close-knit families Life determined by whether family was wealthy or not Women were dominated by men; men mad all

decisions and supported family Children raised to respect parents and elders

Hygiene and Diseases

Very unhygienic No running water or indoor toilets Fleas, rats, and lice flourished Diseases common for both wealthy

and poor No knowledge available to treat

or prevent disease

Occupations

Many occupations live on in current surnames

Work available to be done was abundant

Some common occupations: Blacksmiths, carpenters,

candle makers, fullers, and herbalists

INVENTIONS

Of the English Renaissance

Clocks

First mechanical clock invented in early 1300’s

Time began to be measured in hours with this clock

1600’s- toothed wheel and the screw was first used for the clocks

Eyeglasses or Spectacles

1287- first appeared that people wore or held spectacles in paintings

Invented in Italy 1352- the well-educated or rich noblemen only

wore them Owning of books- reading glasses became

popular to common people Made out of wood, lead, copper, bone, and

leather

Flush Toilet

1596- Sir John Harrington invented first flush toilet One for himself and for his godmother, Queen

Elizabeth Reinvented by Alexander Cummings 200 yrs.

later Invented the strap (sliding valve between bowl

and trap) Joseph Bramah invented valve in bowl that

worked on a hinge

Wallpaper

1496- first paper mill in England English artists created some with

designs/print Before invented, only wealthy could afford

it Used woven tapestries to keep castle walls

warmer (designs told stories) Lower class used painted cloth for home walls

Printing Press

Invented in 1436 by Johannes Gutenberg (goldsmith)

Before invention – monks handwrote everything

Gutenberg combined ink, movable typer, paper, and the press to create the printing press

Used it to put ink on many individual letters which were arranged in words to paragraphs

The bible was first book to be used during mass

AUTHORS

Of the English Renaissance

William Shakespeare

William Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564 in Stratford.

Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway on November 28, 1582. He was 18 and she was 26 and pregnant.

Shakespeare wrote 38 plays, 154 sonnets, and 2 epic narrative poems.

Shakespeare died allegedly on his birthday April 23, 1616.

Christopher Marlowe

Christopher Marlowe was born in February 25, 1564

Was one of Shakespeare’s rivals There is some evidence that Marlowe’s death

was faked, and there was a warrant issued for his arrest a week earlier.

On May 30, 1593 Christopher Marlowe died from a stab wound in a possible government safe house in Deptford.

Ben Johnson

Ben Johnson was born around June 11, 1572.

He was educated at Westminster High School by the great classical scholar, William Camden.

He married Anne Lewis on November 14, 1594.

Was one of William Shakespeare’s rivals. Johnson had a severe stroke in 1628. Ben Johnson died on August 6, 1637.

Thomas Kyd

Thomas Kyd was born in London in 1558.

Kyd got arrested in 1593 on suspicion of posting libels (false publications) on foreigners.

Kyd was released on his testimony that the papers had been left among his effects of Christopher Marlowe in 1591.

Kyd was roommates with Christopher Marlowe

Thomas Kyd died in 1594.

Sir Francis Bacon

Sir Francis Bacon was born at York House on January 22, 1561.

Went to Trinity College in Cambridge at the age of 13.

Bacon wrote 59 great pieces of work. Bacon died on April 9, 1626 from

bronchitis.

ARTISTS

Of the English Renaissance

Leonardo da Vinci

Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15th 1452

When he was 15 his father apprenticed him to the renowned workshop of Andrea del Verrochio in Florence

He stayed there from 1470 to 1475 One of Leonardo’s first big breaks was to paint an

angel in Verrochio’s “Baptism of Christ” Mona Lisa (1503) and “The Last

Supper” (1495) were two of his greatest works

Leonardo died in May 2, 1519

Michelangelo

Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti Simoni was his full name

Michelangelo was born on March 6th 1475 in Caprese, Tuscany, Italy

He was a sculptor, a painter, and an architect

Michelangelo was a Christian, and the church was his greatest patron

He designed the dome of St. Peter’s church in Rome He died on February 18th, 1564

Donatello

Donatello was born in Florence, Italy in 1383

His earliest work was a marble statue of David

The full power of Donatello’s work first appeared in two marble statues: St. Mark and St. George

He was a master of sculpture in both marble and bronze

He died in the late 1400’s