The energy of water.

1.

Our task is to speak about the water energy.

It has two different types:

Potential energy:

E

it depends on the height of water-column

Kinetic energy:

E

p=mgh

k=1/

2mv2

it depends on the speed of water-flow

The circulation of water.

2.

This picture showes us the way, how water becomes from clouds to clouds again. For this circulation we say the water is a renewed energy.

11.

Advantages: -the water as „fuel” is renewable

-no secondary product-no air or environment pollution,-cheap operation - „fuel” is on the spot-long life- …..

Disadvantages: -long time for construction

-damage of dam, flood-siltation behind dam-change of landscape and environment-change of the living-condition of animals and plants-dependence on rain/snow …..

Using of water-wheel.3.

These are the oldest water- wheel types. The water-wheels can power different kind of units: mill, hummer, pump, generator… egs.

Overshot wheel.

4.

cupsWater flows into the cups of wheel. Due to the mass of water (potentional--energy) what is in cups, wheel is forced to rotate. If we increase the height (h) of water-column, the power of water-wheel is increasing too.

h

Undershot wheel.

Paddles sink just into the water. Due to the speed of water (kinetic-energy), the wheel is forced to rotate. If we increase the speed (v) of water, the power of rotation is increasing too.

5.

paddle

v

By dam. By increasinge the height of water-column, we increase the potentional energy. So, water flowes through the turbines with stronger energy

6.

Cross-cut of water-power.7.

How a water turbine works.8.

A turbine is built at the lowest level of the dam (where the kinetic-energy is the most effective). Water is led by guide-blades from behind the dam to rotating-blades. So water forces the turbine to rotate. Turbine and generator have the same shaft, the rotor –part of generator is rotating too, and it produces electric energy.

Ebb and flow power-station.If the water-level in front of and behind the dam is different, water is forced to flow toward the sea. In that case, the kinetic-energy will turn the turbine-unit, and generator produces electric energy. In England there are some ebb and flow power-stations.

9.

The biggest dam in Europe.

10.

Ukraine, river Dnepr

11.

Advantages: -the water as „fuel” is renewable

-no secondary product-no air or environment pollution,-cheap operation - „fuel” is on the spot-long life- …..

Disadvantages: -long time for construction

-damage of dam, flood-siltation behind dam-change of landscape and environment-change of the living-condition of animals and plants-dependence on rain/snow …..

Türr István

Gerster Béla

Two hungarian engineers, who have taken part in some constructions in the world, for example: Panama-canal and barrage, Corinth-canal.

12.

How are we using water energy?

Some factsOur rivers fall is very low so we can’t make

bigger hydroelectric stationsWe’ve got 37 hydroelectric stationsOur hydroelectric stations produce about

4500 GWh energy in a yearWe’ve got so many little power stations just

two bigger ones (Tiszalök, Kisköre)

Water hydroelectric stations in Hungary

Kenyeri hydroelectric station

Kenyeri hydroelectric stationIt helps so much to protect the nature. In one

year we can’t use these:• 216 tons sulphur dioxid• 5,5 coal monoxid• 8 tons dust

It makes 9 million kWh energy in a year.

Sio-river hydroelectric station

Datas about the hydroelectic station

• Performance (in a year): 150-200 MWh (400 family's energy)• It was built in 2008

Rába hydroelectric station

Datas about the hydroelectric station

It was built in 2008There are two 771 kW turbines9 million energy produce in a year (4000

household’s energy)

The hydroelectric station replace these:• 216 tons of sulfid dioxid• 9500 tons of coal dioxid• 5,5 tons of sulfid monoxid• 8 tons of dust

Bős-Nagymaros

Bős-Nagymaros hydroelctric stationIt has never builtIn 1977 Hungary and Czechslovakia made an

agreement which said that they get energy 50-50% however the biggest part of the station would be in Czechslovakia

In 1981 the two half started to discuss about the investment.

Bős-Nagymaros hydroelctric stationThe peope are protasted against this station.In 1990 the new government system fed up

with the build of the hydroelectric station, but Chezchslovakia continued the buildings.

In 1995 all buildings stopped definite

Tiszalök hydroelectric stationIt was built in 1956 It produce 12 mW energy in a yearThe biggest performance was 11 520 kWIt had connected to the country’s electricity

network in 1956

Tiszalök hydroelectic station

Kisköre hydroelectric stationIt was built in 1974This is the biggest hydroelectric station in

HungaryIt produce 90-95 million kWh in a yearThe produce depends on the runoffIt cover 70 000 household’s year energy

THE

END

13.