The Endocrine System

Unit 8

The Endocrine System

• An endocrinologist studies the endocrine system

• Anatomy: glands and ducts

• Physiology: regulate the growth and activity of the body

Hormones

• The glands of the endocrine system release hormones which are chemical messages sent through the blood stream to target tissues.

• They are made of proteins or lipids.

Glands• Hypothalamus: integrates the nervous and

endocrine systems• Posterior Pituitary: secretes oxytocin (uterine

contractions) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH, water/salt balance)

• Anterior Pituitary: growth hormones, LH & FSH (reproduction)

Glands• Thyroid gland: regulates metabolism and

calcium in the blood• Parathyroid: calcium in the blood• Pancreas: insulin and glucagon (blood sugar)• Adrenal Glands: epinephrine and

norepinephrine (increase metabolism); steroids that regulate blood

Glands• Testes: androgens (steroids for sperm and

male sex characteristics)• Ovaries: estrogen and progesterone

(menstruation, pregnancy, and female sex characteristics)

• Pineal gland: melatonin (sleep cycles)

Hormones

• Human growth hormone (hGH): pituitary, bone and muscle growth

• Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH): pituitary, egg development

• Luteinizing Hormone (LH): pituitary, egg release• Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH): hypothalamus,

water balance• Parathyroid hormone (PTH): parathyroid, blood

calcium levels

Hormones

• Epinephrine: kidney, increase ATP• Insulin: pancreas, blood sugar • Estrogen: ovaries, egg and 2° sex

characteristics• Testosterone: testis, sperm and 2° sex

characteristics

Homeostasis• The endocrine system works with the rest of

the systems to help the body maintain homeostasis, such as:

• Skin: hair color and growth• Nervous: body control• Cardiovascular: blood pressure• Digestive: appetite• Urinary: water balance

Unit 8 Disease and Disorder ChartName Cause Symptoms Susceptibility Treatment PrognosisDwarfism

Gigantism

Diabetes

Hypothyroidism

Graves Disease

Goiter

Cushing’s Syndrome

Addison’s Disease

PTSD

Hirsutism

Cholera

Aging

Unit 8 ProjectPhotography, Individual

• 1. Select a theme for your photography project that integrates the anatomy and physiology of the endocrine system. Take 3-5 photos that display this theme. Either print them or email them to me by the start of our next class.

• 2. Write a 4 paragraph essay:– The anatomy of the Endocrine System– The physiology of Endocrine System– How the endocrine system contributes to homeostasis– How YOUR project shows the structure and function of the endocrine

system

• 3. Extra credit is available for those who choose to present.