Essentials of Human Anatomy & Physiology

Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Slides 9.1 – 9.22

Seventh Edition

Elaine N. Marieb

Chapter 9

The Endocrine System

Lecture Slides in PowerPoint by Jerry L. Cook

I. Characteristics

Slide 9.1 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Second messenger system

Uses chemical messages (hormones) that are released into the blood

Blood transfers hormones to target sites where they regulate the activity of other cells

II. Hormone Processes Reproduction

Growth and development

Mobilization of body defenses

Maintenance of homeostasis

Regulation of metabolism

III. Mechanisms of Hormone Action

Slide 9.4 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Hormones affect only certain tissues or organs (target cells or organs) that have a specific protein receptors

Hormone binding influences the working of the cells

IV. Effects Caused by Hormones

Slide 9.5 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Changes in plasma membrane permeability or electrical state

Synthesis of proteins, such as enzymes

Activation or inactivation of enzymes

Stimulation of mitosis

V. Control of Hormone Release

Slide 9.10 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Hormone levels in the blood are maintained by negative feedback

A stimulus or low hormone levels in the blood triggers the release of more hormone

Hormone release stops once an appropriate level in the blood is reached

The Chemistry of Hormones

Slide 9.3 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Steroids – made from cholesterol

Steroid Hormone Action

Steroid Hormone Action

Slide 9.6 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Diffuse through the membrane of target cells

Enter the nucleus

Bind to a specific protein within the nucleus

Bind to specific sites on the cell’s DNA

Activate genes that result in synthesis of new proteins

The Chemistry of Hormones

Slide 9.3 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Non-Steroid Hormones made from

Amino acid-based hormones

Prostaglandins – made from highly active lipids

Nonsteroid Hormone Action

Nonsteroid Hormone Action

Slide 9.8 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Hormone does not enter the cell but binds to a membrane receptor

Sets off a series of reactions that activates an enzyme

Catalyzes a reaction that produces a second messenger molecule

Oversees additional intracellular changes to promote a specific response

Stimuli of Endocrine Glands

Hormonal Stimuli of Endocrine Glands

Slide 9.11 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Endocrine glands are activated by other hormones

Figure 9.2a

Humoral Stimuli of Endocrine

Glands

Slide 9.12 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Figure 9.2b

Changing blood levels of certain ions stimulate hormone release

Neural Stimuli of Endocrine Glands

Slide 9.13 Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Nerve impulses stimulate hormone release

Most are under control of the sympathetic nervous system

Figure 9.2c

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