The End of an EraThe End of an Era

Napoleon wanted to carry his Napoleon wanted to carry his ideas across Europe, ideas across Europe, nationalism kept troops going. nationalism kept troops going.

Europe resented Napoleon’s Europe resented Napoleon’s attempt to impose French attempt to impose French culture. culture.

NepotismNepotism: favoritism shown to : favoritism shown to relatives by a person in high relatives by a person in high office. office. Gave power to siblings.Gave power to siblings. Named brother, Joseph, ruler of Named brother, Joseph, ruler of

Spain; they resisted. Spain; they resisted.

French Empire at its greatest extent in 1811

The End of an EraThe End of an Era

Napoleon wanted to invade Great Napoleon wanted to invade Great Britain and could not! Britain and could not!

Imposed the Imposed the Continental SystemContinental System – – closing European ports to British closing European ports to British goods. goods.

Britain would prove to be Napoleon’s Britain would prove to be Napoleon’s nemesis. nemesis.

The End of an EraThe End of an Era

Guerrilla WarfareGuerrilla Warfare: hit and run raids : hit and run raids by small bands of soldiers. by small bands of soldiers.

Russia broke ties with France. Russia broke ties with France. Grand ArmyGrand Army: Over 600,000 troops : Over 600,000 troops

assembled by Napoleon to invade Russia, assembled by Napoleon to invade Russia, 1812. 1812.

““Scorched EarthScorched Earth” Policy” Policy: To avoid war, : To avoid war, the Russians retreated away from the Russians retreated away from Napoleon burning villages and crops Napoleon burning villages and crops along the way. along the way.

The End of an EraThe End of an Era

Troops couldn’t make it through the Russian Troops couldn’t make it through the Russian winter and were forced to turn back; 1,000 miles winter and were forced to turn back; 1,000 miles home. home.

Only 20,000 troops made it home! Only 20,000 troops made it home! Napoleon’s image was shattered, losing his next Napoleon’s image was shattered, losing his next

battle, the victors exiled him to battle, the victors exiled him to ElbaElba. . Louis XVIII became king; it was a disaster. Louis XVIII became king; it was a disaster. Many people wanted Napoleon back; he escaped Many people wanted Napoleon back; he escaped

from Elba and returned to Paris to cheering from Elba and returned to Paris to cheering crowds! crowds!

Called the Called the One Hundred DaysOne Hundred Days

The End of an EraThe End of an Era

The Battle of WaterlooThe Battle of Waterloo: : ““This whole affair will not be This whole affair will not be

more serious than swallowing more serious than swallowing one’s breakfast.”one’s breakfast.”

Defeated by allied forces led by Defeated by allied forces led by Duke of Wellington of Britain. Duke of Wellington of Britain.

Napoleon exiled to St. Helena, Napoleon exiled to St. Helena, died there in 1821. died there in 1821.

European leaders promoted European leaders promoted legitimacy.legitimacy. France was ringed by France was ringed by strong countries. strong countries.

Louis XVIII is restored to the Louis XVIII is restored to the throne in France.throne in France.