Constitution of Chinese Medicine on Insomnia
in University Students
:
I
59 (Body Constitution
Questionnaire, BCQ) (Chinese version of the Athens
Insomnia ScaleCAIS) 55%
(58.3%)
5.1
0.56
IV
Abstract
Insomnia is a common problem to most people in daily life and may
be a
risk factor for consistently predictive of cardiovascular disease
and mortality of
chronic diseases. Sleep disorders can impact the ability of memory,
learning,
logic thinking and calculation to students. In most sleep
researches, stress and
lifestyle are common factors to sleep disorders of adolescents. The
objective of
this study is to investigate the association between lifestyle
factors and insomnia
as well as the association between Chinese body constitution and
insomnia in
university students. A cross-sectional purposive sampling study
design was used
to survey 115 students in a university located in south Taiwan.
The
questionnaires applied in this research were Chinese version of the
Athens
Insomnia Scale (CAIS) and Body Constitution Questionnaire (BCQ).
Results
indicated that the prevalence of insomnia was 55 percent with the
subjects and
58.3 percent of the students were Yin-deficiency (Yin-Xu) body
constitution
type. Multivariate logistic regression analysis found that odds
ratio of insomnia
was 4.05 times (P < 0.05) in Yin deficiency students compared to
those who
were not non-Yin-deficiency. The odds ratio of sleep disorders to
gender was
4.17 times (P < 0.05) in male students compared to female
students. The odds
ratio of insomnia with lifestyle was 5.1 times (P< 0.05) in
students of having a
V
night-time snack compared to those who were non-having a night-time
snack. In
addition, for every one hour increasing to sleep, the odds of
insomnia decreased
by 0.56 times (P < 0.05).
In conclusion, most university students were of Yin-deficiency
body
constitution. Yin-deficiency body constitution was associated with
greater
occurrence of insomnia to university students.
Key words: Chinese body constitution, Sleep disorders, Sleep
questionnaire
VI
1.1
.....................................................................................................
1
1.2
.....................................................................................................
3
1.3
.....................................................................................................
4
2.1
.....................................................................................................
5
2.1.1
..............................................................................
5
2.1.2
..........................................................................................
7
2.1.3
..................................................................................
8
2.2
...............................................................................
11
2.2.1
............................................................................................
11
2.2.2
............................................................................................
11
2.2.3
............................................................................
15
2.2.4
.....................................................................................
17
2.3
...................................................................................................
23
2.3.1
....................................................................
23
3.1
...................................................................................................
61
3.2
...................................................................................................
61
3.3
...................................................................................................
61
3.4
.......................................................................................
65
3.5
...................................................................................................
68
4.1
.......................................................................................
69
4.1.1
....................................................................
69
4.1.2
....................................................................
71
5.1
...........................................................................
90
5.2
...........................................................................
92
5.3
...........................................................................
97
5.4
.....................................................................................
102
6.1
.........................................................................................................
104
6.2
.............................................................................................
106
6.3
.................................................................................
108
4.2 .............................................. 79
4.3 ..............................................................
80
4.4 .................................................. 81
4.5 ..............................................................
82
4.6
..............................................................................
83
4.7
......................................................................
84
4.8 .................................................. 85
4.9
..........................................................................
86
4.10 .................................................... 87
5.1 ..........................................................
91
2010) Preišegolaviit
405 59.4%
(Preišegolaviit, Leskauskas & Adomaitien, 2010)
Suen 400 150 250
57.5 %
896 63.1%
2008
Von Linne 19
KenotoxinLegendre
Pieron Hypnotoxin
Schnedorf Ivy Hypnotoxin
Pavlov (Internal Inhibition)
(NREM)
(Brainstem Reticular Controlling
System) 2008
(Reciprocal Interaction Hypothesis)
REM NREM
REM NREM
:
2008
7
2008
(4) (Memory Reinforcement and Consolidation
Theory)
Theory)
Movement, NREM)
(Ponto-geniculo-occipital, PGO)
(Acetylcholine)
(Thalamocortical Circuits) (Hippocampus)
2007
Serotonin(5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5HT) GABA
; (Norepinephrine, NE)
(Catecholamines) (Acetylcholine, Ach)
2007
;
(Polysomnography)
2007
( 1 )
2003
(Taylor et al., 2003)
2000 10
BMI
2001
(1) (Transient Insomnia)
13
> 40 > 10 %
(3)
< 90 % < 65 %
Roehers 1992
2000
10 15
(2) :
5
Breathing)
3 21 (World Sleep
Day)
(Melatonin)
200 ~300 mg
(Neuroticism score)
(Ashton, 1987)
Holland 1974
(Electroencephalography, EEG) (Electrooculography, EOG)
(Electrocardiography, ECG) (Electromyography, EMG)
(Air Flow) (Respiratory Effort)
(Blood Oxygen Saturation)
-
18
(Carskadon,1986)
(2)
(3)
Monitoring Sensor) (Gastroesophageal Reflux)
(Snoring Monitoring Sensor) ;
(Esophageal Pressure Monitoring Sensor)
(Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome)
Narcolepsy Questionnaire)
Buysee 1989
7
(Chinese Version of the Athens Insomnia Scale
CAIS) CAIS-8 1-8
CAIS-5 1-5
ICD-10 Insomnia
Self-assessment Inventory (ISAI)
Cronbach’s α 0.82-0.84
(Test-retest reliability) 0.84-0.86 CAIS ISAI
0.72-0.76 CAIS-8 CAIS-5
(Chiang et al., 2009)
8
23
2008 Tucker
Lessa 1940
24
2008
25
() (
) ;
(2)
:
28
;
(2006a)
2008
29
1995
2008
31
345 2002
1978 ~ 2001 2002
2005
2006
2010
2008
3 (1)
(2)
1998
2007
40
43
2003
45
……
2007
47
48
2007
……
50
(4)
20052010
53
(Biofeedback) (Guided Imagery)
CAM) (National Center for
Complementary and Alternative Medicine, NCCAM) CAM
CAM
CAM
54
(Traditional Chinese Medicine) (Acupuncture)
(Biofeedback Training and Neurotherapy)
(Aromatherapy) (Music therapy) (Hypnotheraphy)
(Qigong and Tai Chi) (Yoga) (Relaxation)
(Mind Body Medicine) (Nutritional Medicine)
(Flower Essences) (Energy Medicine) (Homeopathy)
2009CAM
CAM
(Sarris and Byrme, 2011)
55
58
2007
59
;;
3.2
115
95.8%
3.3
Insomnia Scale 1-8CAIS 1-8) Cronbach’s α
0.82-0.84 (Test-retest reliability) 0.84-0.86
(Chiang, 2009 2009 Yen2010)
(Factor loading)
(Latent Variable Model)
(Maximum Likelihood
Estimator) (Bayes Theorem)
(Posterior Probability)
0.7533 0.8474
2007a, 2008
2009 44
2007a2008
:
66
100%
4.1
(1) 20 ~ 25 120 61
(50.8%) 59 (49.2%)
BMI 31.6 14.9 BMI
18.5 ~ 24 (55.6%) 32 BMI
24~27 (16.5%) 14 5 BMI
< 18.5 (17.4%) 12 8
BMI 27 ~ 30BMI 30 ~ 35 10.3% 7
5
24 8
45% 38
31.67%62.7% 28
23.33% 47.5%
62.3% 8.38 ± 0.47 47.5%
7.61 ± 0.47
17
22 0
72
4.34.1
5 ~ 10 66.8%
6 8
:
14.3% 5.0%
2 46.2% 37.8% 16%
3 28.6% 57.1% 14.3%
5.9%
5.9%
6 64.7% 25.2% 9.2%
0.8%
73
5.0%
(31.3%) 4 (3.5%) 7 (6.1%)
2 (1.7%) 66(57.4%)
66 , 57.4%
26 (22.61%) 40 (34.78%)
(58.3%)
5
6.41 ± 0.12
t- test (6.32 ± 0.16)
(6.50 ± 0.17) (8.38 ± 0.47)
(7.61 ± 0.47)
3. 4.8
4. 4.9
14
(11.76%) 37(31.09%) 3 (2.5%) 26
(21.85%)
10(8.40%) 6
(5.04%) 20 (16.81%) 17 (14.29%)
21 (17.65%) 21 (17.65%) 10 (8.40%)
14 (11.76%)
25 (21.01%) 8
(6.72%) 29 (24.37%) 35 (29.41%)
6 (5.04%) 12 (10.08%)
4.9 4.66 ± 0.19
4.52 ± 0.26
4.81 ± 0.27 > 40
(33.61%) 41(34.45%)
(4.52 ± 0.26) (4.81 ± 0.27)
76
/
18.5~24 32 (27.8) 32 (27.8)
24~27 14 (12.2) 5 (4.3)
27~30 5 (4.3) 2 (1.7)
30~35 2 (1.7) 3 (2.6)
79
22 0 8.00 ± 0.33
0 1 1 2 1.7
1 0 2 2 1.7
2 1 1 2 1.7
3 1 3 4 3.3
4 5 2 7 5.8
5 5 7 12 10.0
6 3 8 11 9.2
7 7 7 14 11.7
8 10 5 25 12.5
9 12 8 20 16.7
10 4 4 8 6.7
11 2 3 5 4.2
12 3 2 5 4.2
13 3 0 3 2.5
14 1 5 6 5.0
15 1 0 1 0.8
17 0 1 1 0.8
18 1 0 1 0.8
22 1 0 1 0.8
81
5(4.35) 7(6.09)
4(3.48) 1(0.87)
17(14.78) 29(25.22)
83
5.53 ± 0.29 5.26 ± 0.27
10 0 5.4 ± 0.2
1 0 2 (1.7)
10 5 (4.2) 0
%
86
%
7 0 1 (0.84)
2010 Lund > 60%
2010 Preišegolaviit 59.40%
2008 Shu 57.50%
92
93
94
2006
95
1980
60%
(Lund, Reider, Whiting& Roxanne Prichard, 2010) Verlander
2006
90
MMC
2007
4.81 ± 0.27 (8.38 ± 0.47)
(7.61 ± 0.47)
2007
3 5
101
2010
67
6.41 ± 0.12
103
:
109
1995
2005
2006b 547
2006c
230
30
2006
1990
2008
8140-45
2009231
111
43-52
625
627385-400
526221-238
2004
52
2008
1980
2010
113
13135-42
2007544
16-20
2007
2001
(2003)
1995
545-144
65-152
115
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& Kupfer, D. J.
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117
[email protected]
:
:
1.
2. 7 20
Body Constitution Questionnaire, BCQ
CCMP93-RD-026
Copyright © 2007 Chinese Medicine Constitution Research Center. All
rights reserved.
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