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The Ecological Power of Green Refrigerants
Sanjay Goyal6th October, 2017
Daikin Air-conditioning India Pvt. Ltd
Broad Key Environment Concerns
Ozone depletion Global Warming
Ozone layer had been damaged by Chlorine
base ref. CFC & HCFC
Ozone layer had been damaged by Chlorine
base ref. CFC & HCFC
Chlorine free alternative refrigerant (HFC) was
introduced
Chlorine free alternative refrigerant (HFC) was
introduced
Expansion of ozone hole has stoppedExpansion of ozone hole has stopped
Global warming has been highlighted as the
critical environmental issue
Global warming has been highlighted as the
critical environmental issue
Key Environment Concerns
� In 100 years, earth’s mean surface temperature has increased by 0.99 Deg C
� It is expected to continue this tendency
1917 2016
Key Environment Concerns
� Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important heat-trapping (greenhouse) gas, which is released through human activities such as deforestation and burning fossil fuels, as well as natural processes such as respiration and volcanic eruptions
� Since 2005 Co2 levels has been increased from 378.21 ppm to 406.69 PPM in 2017
2005 2017
Key Environment Concerns
Effects of Global Warming & Co2 Emissions
Composition
Ozone depletion potential
((((ODP))))
Global warming potential
(GWP)
Vol. Cooling
Capacity
Theoretical
COPP cond
(Mpa)
R22 Single 0.05 1810 100 100 1.7
HF
C
R410A
(R32+R125)
Azeotrope-
Like 0 2090 141 91 2.7
R32 Single 0 675 160 96 2.8
No
n-H
FC
Propane
(R290) Single 0 <3 83 97 1.5
CO2
(R744 ) Single 0 1 256 41 10.0
R1234yf Single 0 4 56 92 1.2
Properties of various refrigerants
Changes are Coming
• HFCs will be phased down
� Drivers:� Montreal Protocol Amendment and coming
phase-down framework
� EPA SNAP Program / Climate Action Plan
� F-gas regulations in Europe
� Canada HFC activities
� California HFC proposals
� Kigali HFC Proposals
High GWP HFCs will be phased down as per the decided and agreed timeline
HCFC Phase out and HFC phase down - India
Under HPMP Program, HCFC22, or R22, is one of main stream refrigerants for air conditioners. R22 must be phased out due to its ODP and converted to substances with zero ODP. Likewise Under HFC phase down Program, R410A has also to be phased down,
High GWP HFC (Ex R410A) Phase down in Developing Country
Therefore When making choice for alternative to R22 & R410A,various aspects must be taken into account. (See Next slide for details)
Next Generation refrigerant - Screening
Next Generation refrigerantsNext Generation refrigerants
Ozone Ozone ProtectionProtection
Climate Climate ChangeChange
Peak LoadPeak Load
SafetySafety
AffordabilityAffordabilityEnergy Energy ResourcesResources
CFC PhaseCFC Phase--outout
HCFC PhaseHCFC Phase--outout
Lower GWPLower GWP
Low EmissionsLow Emissions
High COPHigh COP
Low ToxicLow Toxic
No/Low FlammableNo/Low Flammable
Compact/LightCompact/Light
Easy InstallationEasy Installation& Maintenance& Maintenance
Reduced ChargeReduced Charge
High EfficiencyHigh Efficiency
Market PenetrationMarket Penetration
Efficient UseEfficient Use
DownsizingDownsizing
RegulationRegulation
RecycleRecycle
PatentPatent
Natural Natural ResourcesResources
Critical Factors to be considered for the Alternative Refrigerant Critical Factors to be considered for the Alternative Refrigerant
Properties - R32
Composition
Ozone depletion potential
((((ODP))))
Global warming potential
(GWP)
Vol. Cooling
Capacity
Theoretical
COPP cond
(Mpa)
R22 Single 0.05 1810 100 100 1.7
HF
C
R410A
(R32+R125)
Azeotrope-
Like 0 2090 141 91 2.7
R32 Single 0 675 160 96 2.8
No
n-H
FC
Propane
(R290) Single 0 <3 83 97 1.5
CO2
(R744 ) Single 0 1 256 41 10.0
R1234yf Single 0 4 56 92 1.2
Atoms Advantage Disadvantage
Good Solubility with Mineral Oil
Ozone Depletion
Anti-Combustible Higher GWP
Lower GWPHigh Performance
Combustible
Cl
F
H
Refrigerants ODP GWP(IPCC4)
Flammability(ASHRAE34)
R220.055 1810 1
R320 675 2L
R410A
0 2090 1
R32
R125
CHH
F
F
CC
F F
F
FF
H
C
HH
F
F
Cl
C
H
F
F
What is R32 ?
History of R32
(※1) LCCP:(Life Cycle Climate Performance)
Ozone
Economy
Safety Energy efficiency
R32
54
3
2
1LCCP
R410A
54
3
2
1
R32 is the most balanced refrigerant and can reduce GWP by 75%
(※1)
Ozone
Economy
Safety Energy efficiency
LCCP
R22
54
3
2
1
Ozone
Economy
Safety Energy efficiency
LCCP
Total Assessment of Refrigerant
Characteristics of HFC32
�Zero Ozone Depletion Potential
�Superior Energy Efficiency (10% better than HFC22)
�Small Global Warming Impact (LCCP)
�Small Conversion Cost (almost same as conversion to R410A)
�Acceptably Mild Flammable – Successful risk assessment done in Japan & Safer in Use.
�Supply capability is sufficient
GWP Values according to IPCC 4th Assessment ReportFor the EU F gas regulation the GWP values of IPCC 3rd report are valid(R410A = 1975, R32 = 650)
Charged amount GWP x QuantityGWP
x =2088
675
100%
70%
2088
472
77%
CO2 emission potential of R32 vs. R410AR
elat
ive
EE
R (
vs R
410A
at 3
5℃%
)
30 35 40 45 50 55 60
50%
55%
60%
65%
70%
75%
80%
85%
90%
95%
100%
105%
110%
Outdoor temp.(℃)
Indoor : DB/WB = 27℃/ 19℃
Same Capacity at 35℃Outdoor temp.
R32
R32R410A
R32/HFO1234ze(E) blend (70:30)
5%
7%
Comparison for EER
*Residential split system
6.0kW System
4.0kW System
1616Comparison of R32 and R32/HFO blend vs R410A at the same capacity by Daikin
Energy efficiency and Total Emissions
Power ratio
Efficiency ratio0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1
(Precondition for Calculation) *1 Taking low pressure loss into consideration, narrower HEX was used to reduce charge volume. *2 To improve efficiency, HEX size was increased : Indoor HEX x 1,1 + Path x 2, Outdoor HEX x 1.2, and connecting pipe increased from 3/8=> 5/8 *3 To meet IEC requirements, charge volume was reduced: Indoor HEX x 0.8, Outdoor HEX x 0.5, narrower piping was used. *4 To Improve efficiency: Outdoor unit HEX was increased x 1.1 (HEX= Heat Exchanger)
1.SEER Comparison (cooling mode)HPs (Reversible)- 3.5kW-Room AC
2.Peak power comparisonunder cooling condition Outside 35℃, room 27℃
0.4 0.8 1.2
(3) Emissions During Refrigerant Production
(2) Direct Emissions(1) Indirect EmissionsTotal Emissions =
(Kg-CO2)7000 9000 11000 13000 150000
3.Total Emissions (LCCP comparison)
+
+
High SEER
Low Peak Power
Low Impact
R32 is the best solution for global environment.
R410A
R32
R22
LCCP:Life Cycle Climate Potential
R410A
R32
R22
R410A
R32
R22
In Japan, R32 is regarded as non-flammable and inert.In Japan, R32 is regarded as non-flammable and inert.
◆Concentration condition (Upper & Lower Concentration limits)
Lower limit Upper limit
R32 combustion concentration 13.3% 29.3%
※CERI + Kayak Japan (‘11)
◆Ignition Energy (Value for minimum energy with which the gas may ignite)
Min. ignition energy
(Unit; mJ)
Notes
R32 30-100
(From DuPont June 2010
AIChE article report)
With static electricity or electronic
lighters (energy: several mJ),
minimum ignition energy is not
attained
It implies the lack of chances combustion in ordinary working condition of human being because of oxygen deficiency
*According to general high pressure gas safety regulation
Flammability assessment
19
Safety
level
Non-flammable A1
Slightly flammable A2L
Flammable A2
Highly flammable A3
R32 is classified A2L.
Commonly used refrigerant such as NH3 and
R1234yf are in the same category.
R32 is classified A2L.
Commonly used refrigerant such as NH3 and
R1234yf are in the same category.
Flam
mable
*ASHRAE 34
ASHRAE34
Flammability assessment (ASHRAE 34)
Field International Europe US (affects ME&A)
Refrigerant Classification ISO817FDIS -NA-
(based on ISO)ASHRAE 34
UL 2182
Usage Restriction for Safety
ISO5149FDISEN378 ASHRAE 15
IEC60335-2-40Under revision EN60335-2-40
UL 207、、、、UL 250UL 471、、、、UL 474UL 484、、、、UL 984
UL 1995UL 60335-2-40
Main Standards related Refrigerant
Received the information from the ISO central office (Jan 13,2014) that ISO5149-1, 2, 3 are all approved.
The standard of many countries is referring to ISO or has quoted ISO ex. Japan(KHK), China(GB standard), Australia, Asian countries are also gazing at the trend of Japan, China, etc.
approved(2014)
R32 Progress Globally
Japan, 2012
Launch of R32 AC’s Globally
Europe, 2013 (40 countries)
■2012RA 2.2-7.2kW
■ 2014 Light Commercial■ 2013 All RA
■ 2014 RA 2.2-8.0kW
★★★★ 2013 ■ 2014 RA 2.2-9.0kW
Launch date by Company
Progress in Japan – All Brands
★★★★ Press Release■ Launched
★★★★ 2013■ 2014 RA 2.2-7.1kW
★★★★ 2013/ ■ 2014 RA 2.2-8.0kW
★★★★ 2013
★★★★ 2013 ■ 2014 RA 2.2-7.1kW
Promotion of R32 Products by manufacturers
R32 Units Penetration (Residential AC)
JP: 8 companies
JP: 3 companiesJP: 3 companiesCN: 1 companies
JP: 3 companies JP: 4 companiesCN: 2 companiesEU: 1 company
JP 4 companiesCN 1 companiesEU 2 companies
JP: 4 companiesTH: 7 companiesKR: 1 companiesCN: 1 companiesUS: 1 companies
JP: 1 company
JP: 2 companiesPhil: 1 company
JP: 1 company
JP: 1 company
25
Europe
Russia
Japan
Australia/New ZealandIndonesia
Thailand
Philippine
VietnamIndiaSaudi/UAE/Oman
Turkey USAKR: 1 company
(Window)US: 1 company
(Window)JP: 1 company
(PTAC)
MalaysiaJP: 1 company
SingaporeJP: 1 company
TaiwanJP: 2 companyTW: 1 company
*1 In case of 1.3kg (including extra charging when installation) of refrigerant charge.
Refrigerant charge volume reduction and improvement of Energy Efficiency derived from R32 use are not considered.
* Estimated by Daikin(Based on press release or catalog information) Canada
JP: 1 company(PTAC)
MexicoJP: 1 company
� More than 1.7 million units are being sold and installed in India so far
� Globally 27 million R32 RAC units has been sold in 51 countries (estimation)M ore than 40mi l l ion*1 tons of CO2 could be reduced (est imat ion )
� Daikin launched R32 Ac’s in Residential (2013) and light commercial category (2016)
� ETA General has launched eco-friendly R-32 refrigerant for its 3 star-rated range in India in 2014
� LG has launched one model of1.5 TR Inverter Model in India in 2015
� Mitsubishi Electric has launched models in 3 star and 5 star category
� Bluestar launched R32 models in Residential category
� Other major brands are also planning to launch R32 RAC’s.26
Progress in India – Other Brands
27
R32 Compressor Manufacturers
(UNEP Technology Road show)
28
Residential Project
<R32>
Reference Site - India
Reference Site - GlobalResidential Project
<R32>
Daikin’s Policy
Daikin Patent Policy
•The air conditioners manufactured in India can be sold in India or can be exported to any countries
•Manufacturer can FREELY buy R32 from open market (Indian supplier or from abroad). •Manufacturer can FREELY buy required materials, parts etc from open market in India or abroad. It is not binding to buy such materials or parts from any affiliates/ subsidiaries of DIL.
•DIL has developed 2 number of Improvement Patents registered in India which shall be available only on FEE basis but the patents correspond to very special technical features and DIL itself does not use the technology.
31http://www.daikin.com/press/2015/150910/index.htmlPress Release – 10th
September, 2015
•On 10 September 2015 , Daikin announced it is offering worldwide free access to 93 patents for the use of HFC-32 in air conditioning, heat pump and refrigeration equipment
•Already in 2011, Daikin had offered these patents to industries in emerging markets who wanted to accelerate their phase-out of ozone-depleting refrigerants.
•Given the urgent need to address climate change, Daikin believes that it is the right time to extend free access to these 93 HFC-32 equipment patents to manufacturers worldwide
Daikin’s Refrigerant Direction
Green is more than a temporary strategy at Daikin.It is embedded in our consistent philosophy to achieve more together. Our Fusion 20 strategic management plan isalso attuned to our movement to help turn the world greener.
Together. In vision and action.