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The East Asian Rimlands: The East Asian Rimlands: Early Japan, Korea, and Early Japan, Korea, and
VietnamVietnam
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Japan and Its NeighborsJapan and Its Neighbors
Japan: Land of the Rising SunJapan: Land of the Rising Sun Main islands: Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku
Importance of geography Importance of being an island country
A Gift from the Gods: Prehistoric Japan Creation myth
• Marriage of Izanagi and Izanami• Birth of Amaterasu – Sun goddess• Descendant of Amaterasu founded Japan
Jomon people, 10,000 years ago• Hunters and gatherers• Agriculture appeared sometime during the first millennium B.C.E.
Yayoi culture• Mixture of Jomon and new arrivals• First lived on Kyushu and later Honshu• Tribal society based on clans (uji) in central Honshu
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Early JapanEarly Japan
Rise of the Japanese StateRise of the Japanese State Yamoto state
Two methods to deal with Chinese threat Shotoku Taishi (572-622)
• Missions to Tang China to learn about the centralized kingdom Emulating the Chinese Model
Reforms• Centralized government under a supreme rule • Merit system for public officials
Taika reforms continued movement toward centralized rule Interest in Buddhism
Nara Period Nara Period (710-784)
• Fujiwara clan married into the ruling Yamato family• Chinese state model
Heian (Kyoto) Period (794-1185)Heian (Kyoto) Period (794-1185)
Fujiwara clan had the real power, senior member of the family serves as regent
Decentralized political system Shoen (tax exempt) farmland
Emergence of the samurai (military retainer) Bushido warrior code
Kamakura Shogunate (1185-Kamakura Shogunate (1185-1333)1333) Minamoto Yoritomo (1142-1199)
Bakufu (tent government) shogun (general) Shogunate system
Mongols Khubilai Khan demands tribute, 1266 Japan invaded twice by the Mongols
• Kamikaze (Divine Wind) Kamakura shogunate weakened and overthrown Ashikaga shogun
Power to local landed aristocracy, daimyo Onin War (1467-1477)
Economic and Social StructuresEconomic and Social Structures
Noble control of land, wealth in agriculture Commerce slow to develop Trade and manufacturing developed more rapidly
in Kamakura period and the Ashikaga shogunate
Daily lifeDaily life Most were peasants who worked the land owned by the
lord Under the authority of local officials Dispose of harvest as they saw fit after taxes paid
• Genin, landless laborers• eta, hereditary slaves
Daily life was similar to others peoples in Asia• shoen, several villages• Life was difficult
Women in Japan• Had rights in early Japan• When introduced Buddhism relegated women to a subordinate
position • Nevertheless, played a role in all levels of society
In Search of the Pure Land: In Search of the Pure Land: Religion in Early JapanReligion in Early Japan Shinto
Kami, nature spirits Ancestor worship Physical purity and its relationship to women Nature and beauty State doctrine linked to divinity belief about emperor and the sacredness of
Japan Buddhism, 6th century B.C.E.
Jodo, Pure land Zen Zen teaches ways to achieve Satori, enlightenment Zazen, scripture study and self-discipline
Sources of Traditional Japanese Sources of Traditional Japanese CultureCulture Literature
Adapted Chinese writing system Poetry and prose
• Haiku• Women prolific writers of prose
No, drama Art and Architecture
Art• Search for beauty; hand scrolls, screens, other works• Nature themes dominated; search for emotional response
Kamakura Period (1185-1333) Zen Buddhism Landscape Tea ceremony
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Japan, China, and Korea, 600-Japan, China, and Korea, 600-800800
Japan and the Chinese ModelJapan and the Chinese Model Consequences of isolation
Lack of knowledge form the outside delayed the process of change
Importance of geography Spared destructive invasions
Decentralized political forces remained dominant
Korea’s Three KingdomsKorea’s Three Kingdoms
Korea: Bridge to the EastKorea: Bridge to the East Farming began about 2000 B.C.E. Chinese influence and rule Three Kingdoms (4th-7th centuries)
Koguryo -- influenced by China, Buddhism, and Confucianism Paekche Silla -- dominant power
The Rise of the Koryo Dynasty Koryo dynasty Social structure Buddhism
Under the Mongols Seized in the thirteenth century Forced labor for the peasants Introduced Chinese ideas and technology Yi dynasty, 1392
Vietnam: The Smaller DragonVietnam: The Smaller Dragon Irrigated agriculture in area of the Red River Conflict with the Qin and Han empires in China
Trung Sisters Revolt, 39 C.E. Chinese regain control
The Rise of Great Viet Overthrow of Chinese rule Expansion The Chinese Legacy
• Following the Confucian model• Spread of Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism• Borrowed from Chinese for literature
Society and Family Life• Borrowed the Confucian system and the civil service examination• Peasant masses• Growing emphasis on male domination• Strong tradition of heroic women
Discussion QuestionsDiscussion Questions
How did geography and climate affect the development of Japan?
What were the main characteristics of the political development of early Japan?
How was Japanese daily life like the early life in China? How was it different?
Trace the development of religion in early Japan. What was the relationship between early Japan and its
neighbors in Eastern Asia?