BUMI DAN TATASURYA
Module 3The Earths Anatomy
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EARTH COMPOSITIONCMC-SPHEREATMOSPHEREHYDROSPHEREBIOSPHERE
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Crust Mantle Core (CMC)-sphere
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Crust Mantle Core (CMC)-sphere
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Earths Interior LayersCrust: 5 - 40 km thickcontinental and
oceanic
Mantlecomposed largely of peridotitedark, dense igneous rock
rich in iron and magnesium
Coreiron and a small amount of nickel
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Earths Interior LayersCrust - 5-40 km thickcontinental and
oceanic
Mantlecomposed largely of peridotitedark, dense igneous rock
rich in iron and magnesium
Coreiron and a small amount of nickelLithospheresolid upper
mantle and crustAsthenospherepart of upper mantle
behaves plastically and slowly flows
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Earths Interior Layers
Lithospheresolid upper mantle and crustAsthenospherepart of
upper mantlebehaves plastically and slowly flows
broken into plates that move over the asthenosphere
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Earths Crustoutermost layercontinental (20-40 km thick)
density 2.7 g/cm3 contains Si, Aloceanic (5-10 km thick)density
3.0 g/cm3 composed of basalt
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Depth (km)cold, rigid, brittlehot, plastic = 3,3 4,3 g/cm3
hot, high pressure,rigid, brittleLiquid
45000 Csolidrocksultrabasicigneous rocks(MgO, SiO2)Fe, NiCrust
Mantle Core (CMC)-sphere
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Atmosphere
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Atmosphere
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N278 %O2 21 %Ar 0,9 %CO2 0,03%Trace elements <
0,07%Mixture(metan, ozon, CO, NO, SO, HS, hidrokarbon, dll mostly
polutants)Atmosphere
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Global Distribution of Water
Hydrosphere
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Hydrosphere
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Classification of Clouds
Hydro-atmosphere
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Greenhouse
Greenhouse in atmospheric scale
Module 4EARTH DYNAMICS
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EARTH DYMNAMICSRotation and orbit of the planetsThermal (from
the Sun and Earth mantle) Gravitational ForceElectro-magnetic
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Orbital change
Wobble
Axial tilt change
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Distribution of day, night, and climate along the year
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Energy budget
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mW m-2 Heat Flows0 40 60 85 120 180 240 350
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Hottest and coldestplaces
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Wind Circulation
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Wind Circulation
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Syclones dan anticyclonesat low (near surface) and high
attitudeLOW ATTITUDEHIGH ATTITUDE
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Isobar and Resultant Wind
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The Formation of Syclones dan anticyclones
A. Jet stream begins to undulateB. Rossby waves begin to formC.
Waves strongly developedD. Cells of cold and warm air bodies are
formed
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Spiral clouds
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Water motions in the Earth
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Hydrologic Cycle
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Oceanic CurrentsRedistribute heat across planet
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Deep ocean current
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Weaher and ClimateWhat is weather? What is climate? What is the
difference?
Weather is locally, a certain short term atmosphere
conditionClimate is combination of weather in a certain place for
along term. Short term versus long term---that is how they
differ
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Climates of the globe
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Greenhouse Principles
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Greenhouse
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Greenhouse in atmospheric scale
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Sheet1LAPISANKOMPOSISIKEDALAMANSIFATKerakKerak samuderaBasalt7 -
10 kmDingin, kaku, dan rapuhKerak benuaGranit20 - 70 kmDingin,
kaku, dan rapuhLitosferLitosfer mencakup kerak dan mantel bagian
atasBervariasi, antara kerak dan mantel berbeda komposisinya 100
kmDingin, kaku, dan rapuhMantelBagian atas mantel merupakan bagian
dari litosferAstenosferKeseluruhan mantel merupakan batuan beku
ultrabasa. Mineralnya bervariasi sesuai kedalamannyaBerkisar dari
100 - 350 kmPanas dan plastik, 1 atau 2 % bagian mencairBagian atas
mantel sisanyaBerkisar dari 350 - 670 kmPanas, dibawah tekanan yang
besar, kaku, dan rapuhMantel bagian bawahBerkisar dari 670 - 2900
kmTekanan yang tinggi mengakibatkan mineral yang terbentuk berbeda
dari yang ada di mantel bagian atasIntiInti bagian luarBesi dan
nikelBerkisar dari 2900 - 5150 kmCairanInti bagian dalamBesi dan
nikelBerkisar dari 5150 sampat ke pusat bumiPadatan
Sheet2
Sheet3
