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23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence 1
Introducing ...
The EAGLE concept –
conceptual basis for a future European Land Monitoring
Framework
Stephan Arnold, Barbara Kosztra, Gebhard Banko, Michael Bock, Gerard Hazeu, Geoff Smith, Nuria Valcarcel
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
1. Object-oriented data modelling
2. Structure of EAGLE matrix and model
3. How to use the matrix
4. Benefits of usage and strategic aspects
5. Application
6. How is EAGLE?
7. Outlook
CONTENT
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence 3
Current Situation: numerous classification systems
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
Object orientation: A bread is a bread is a bread ...
4
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
Classification • Bread ≠ Bread
Characterization
• Outer Appearence • weight • size • shape
• Inner details • grainsize • density
• Ingredients • salt • wheat / rye • water • yiest • E 510, …
• Color • light • dark
• Other Characters • Bio-certificate • Gen-free
• Use • Food, Alimentation
Object orientation: A bread is a bread is a bread ...
5
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
Object orientation: Grass is grass is grass ... Classifications • Grassland ≠ pasture
≠ lawn ≠ natural grassland
Characterization • Growth structure
• homogenous • heterogenous
• Growth density • closed • sparse
• Moisture • Wet soil • Surface water
• Use • intensiv • extensiv • Sports
• Management • Multiple mowing • Single mowing
• Ecosystem type • Inland marsh
6
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence 7
Information on landscape described with three separate main blocks…
A.) LAND COVER Components – LCC block Abiotic, Vegetation, Water Surfaces
B.) LAND USE Attributes – LUA block Agriculture, Forestry, Industry, Transportation etc.
C.) further CHARACTERISTICS – CH spatial pattern, bio-physical parameters, ecosystem types, land management practices etc.
Structure of EAGLE Matrix
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
Describe real landscape elements from pure LC point of view. (Read Matrix from top to bottom.)
A.) Land Cover Components [LCC]
8
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
Describe territory from pure LU point of view, according to function and socio-economic purpose, linked to INSPIRE (extract shown only)
B.) Land Use Attributes [LUA]
9
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
Characterize landscape with additional properties, flexible extendable list (extract shown only)
C.) further Characteristics [CH]
10
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence 11
EAGLE data model: from matrix to UML chart
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence 12
EAGLE data model: from matrix to UML chart
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence 13
EAGLE data model: from matrix to UML chart
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence 14
EAGLE data model: from matrix to UML chart
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
Decomposing reality ...
15
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
Decomposing art ...
16
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
a) As a nomenclature, attaching a single LCC to each geometrical land surface unit / grid sample point
b) Describing the land cover composition of each land surface unit or nomenclature class by attaching more than one LCC to it
c) Describing componential rates by assigning percentage values to LCCs of a given land surface unit (polygon or grid cell) or nomenclature class
How to use Land Cover Components (LCC) in EAGLE matrix?
coniferous 65%
Broad- leaved 35 %
ATKIS LCC
Nadelwald
Mischwald
Mischwald
Coniferous Trees
Coniferous & Broadleaf trees
17
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
How to use LCCs in EAGLE matrix?
a) As a nomenclature, attaching a single LCC to a point
18
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
How to use LCC in EAGLE matrix? b) Describing the land cover composition of each land surface
unit / nomenclature class by attaching more than one LCC to it
19
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
How to use LCC in EAGLE matrix?
c) Describing land surface unit by attaching % values to LCCs
Sum
Water body
Grass
Shrub
Deciduous trees
Bare soil
Unsealed artif.
Waste
Open sealed
Building
LCC
100 15.93 84
0.1 0.02 1
32.0 5.10 20
18.4 2.93 15
10.1 1.60 16
25.9 4.12 6
7.2 1.15 11
1.0 0.16 1
1.1 0.17 2
4.3 0.68 12
% hectare polygon
count
20
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence 21
Land cover components (LCC): • conventional buildings, • broadleaved trees, • herbaceous plants, • open sealed surfaces Land use attributes (LUA): • permanent residential, • agriculture/production for own consumption, • road network
Further characteristics (CH): • soil sealing degree = 35% • built-up pattern = discontinuous, single houses
Describing landscape with EAGLE model: „Village“ (Built-up Area)
© Gyorgy Büttner
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence 22
Land cover components (LCC): • Inland water bodies, • Reeds Land use attributes (LUA): • nature protected land Further characteristics (CH): • ecosystem type = inland marshes • Salinity = fresh water
Describing landscape with EAGLE model: „Wetland“
© Barbara Kosztra
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
LEVEL 3
1.1.1. Continuous urban fabric:Most of the land is covered by structures and transport network. Buildings, roads and artificially surface areas cover more than 80% of the total surface. Non-linear areas of vegetation and bare soil are exceptional
1.1.2 Discontinuous urban fabricMost of the land is covered by structures. Buildings, roads and artificially surface areas are associated with vegetated areas and bare soil, which occupy discontinuous but significant surfaces. Between 10% and 80% of the land is covered by residential structures.
Decomposing class definitions How to use the matrix: „bar-coding” method
23
Examples on CORINE class definitions
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
Examples on CORINE class definitions
LEVEL 3
1.1.1. Continuous urban fabric:Most of the land is covered by structures and transport network. Buildings, roads and artificially surface areas cover more than 80% of the total surface. Non-linear areas of vegetation and bare soil are exceptional
1.1.2 Discontinuous urban fabricMost of the land is covered by structures. Buildings, roads and artificially surface areas are associated with vegetated areas and bare soil, which occupy discontinuous but significant surfaces. Between 10% and 80% of the land is covered by residential structures.
Intensities
LC
Thresholds
© SIOSE, A. Arozarena
LU CH
Decomposing class definitions How to use the matrix: „bar-coding” method
24
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
Decomposing class definitions – Populating the matrix
25
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence 26
Bar Code Values: xx = not applicable (logically excluded, because not
applicable) x = must not occur, excluded by definition 0 = not important (because of generalization effects) 1 = can be expected, but not defining element 2 = must occur, defining selective obligatory element
(selective OR-function, at least one of tick-marked elements must be present)
Decomposing class definitions How to use the matrix: „bar-coding” method
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence 27
Bar Code Values: 3 = must occur, defining cumulative obligatory element
(cumulative AND-function, if more then one element tick-marked then all be present)
4 = multiple selective occurrence mandatory, more
than one of the selected matrix element must be present
Decomposing class definitions How to use the matrix: „bar-coding” method
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
Matrix as semantic comparison tool
28
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
Matrix as semantic analysing tool: semantic overlap
29
Alpine Calluna heath, border between NO and SE
© Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute.
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
Matrix as semantic analysing tool: semantic overlap
… classified as NO: CLC 333 “Sparsely vegetated areas” SE: CLC 322 “Moors and heath” Both correct interpretation => Inconsistency in CLC class definition
30
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
• Tool for analytic decomposition of class definitions (identification of gaps/overlaps/inconsistencies)
• Semantic translation between different classification systems (NOT yet another classification system)
• Clear separation between LC and LU information
• Flexible structure of model allows integration of different land related information
• Conceptual basis for harmonized future European Land Monitoring Framework
Benefits of usage of EAGLE concept
31
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence 32
EEA CLC
National Land
Surveying
National Land
Monitoring
CLC 25 ha
Urban Atlas HRL
Current Situation of Land Monitoring in Europe
National HR- CLC
/
?
National Stats
LUCAS
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
European & Global Level
National (A) Land Monitoring
Regional (a) Land Monitoring
National CLC
CLC
National & Sub-National Level
National (B) Land Monitoring
Regional (b) Land Monitoring
European Land Monitoring
Framework
C O P E R N I C U S BioPhys
Par HR
Layers Urban Atlas LUCAS
Scheme of EAGLE concept
33
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
Surrounding context & relations of EAGLE concept
34
EAGLE
Remote Sensing community
Scientific aspect: Methodological expertise for RS & LM
Strategic aspect: stakeholders, user requirements MS, EEA, Eurostat, DGs
Modelling aspect: existing standards CLC, INSPIRE, ISO LCML
Legal aspect: Water Framework Directive Natura2000 Directive Soil Thematic Strategy Climate Change Initiative UNFCCC (Kyoto Protocol)
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
• initiated by the EC • coordinated by the EEA • MMU 25 ha / changes: 5 ha • 39 countries, 6 million km2
CORINE Land Cover (CLC)
Periodic update & change mapping: 1st inventory: 1985-1996 (CLC1990) 2nd inventory: 2001-2004 (CLC2000) 3rd inventory: 2006-2008 (CLC2006) 4th inventory: 2012-2014 (CLC2012)
Application – CLC nomenclature enhancement I
35
Only existing quasi-„standard” for land monitoring in Europe
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
In its name „land cover” data, in practice mixed land cover + land use classes. • Need for more detailed information on environment,
• Emerging bottom-up CLC production methods,
• Cross compliance with national LC/LU data Separation of LC + LU elements within nomenclature is required
36
Application – CLC nomenclature enhancement II
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
EEA’s Topic Centre Spatial Information & Analysis (ETC/SIA) 2013 implementation plan, with EAGLE members involved
Task 261_1_1: Applying EAGLE concept to CLC guidelines enhancement
1) Use EAGLE matrix to reveal gaps / overlaps / inconsistencies of
CLC class definitions 2) Proposal for enhancing CLC nomenclature guidelines by
decomposing CLC classes to EAGLE Matrix elements Result: improved CLC class descriptions Help a more consistent and harmonized CLC production across
Europe (traditional photointerpretation + semi-automated bottom-up methods)
Help users understanding the content of CLC data
Application – CLC nomenclature enhancement III
37
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
Who is EAGLE? • EAGLE = EIONET Action Group on Land monitoring in Europe
• LC/LU experts from: - national LM initiatives - National Reference Centers (NRC) Land Cover, - INSPIRE TWGs, - ETC SIA partners, - FP7 HELM consortium - Consultations with CLC Technical Team
• Founded through self-initiative of experts from various European countries (DE, HU, RO, CZ, NL, UK, CH, NO, FI, PT, AT, ES, CT)
• open and voluntary participation
38
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence
• How to handle temporal aspect (regular / seasonal changes, periodic events)
• Position of geometry in model, multi-dimensional aspects, scale
Open modelling issues
Next steps
• EAGLE work packages, e.g.: - Matrix population tool (MPT) - Grid approach - Proof of concept, test on real data sets
39
23rd June 2013 EAGLE Workshop, INSPIRE Conference 2013, Florence 40
Find out more... http://sia.eionet.europa.eu/EAGLE
Thank you for your attention !
© Barbara Kosztra