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Daniel Schechter, DWSD
MWEA Watershed and Stormwater Seminar December 2, 2015
Detroit’s Green Infrastructure Program and Stormwater Program Update
Acknowledgements
• Palencia Mobley, DWSD
• Carol Hufnagel, Tetra Tech
• Dan Christian, Tetra Tech
Outline
• Detroit – the City, the CSO Program
• What is green in Detroit’s CSO program?
• What is happening with stormwater in Detroit
• What is the progress?
DETROIT WATER AND
SEWERAGE DEPARTMENT
High Vacancy
Medium Vacancy
Low Vacancy
The Detroit Geography and Population
Image Credit: Concept by Dan Pitera, University of Detroit-Mercy. Map ran in the Detroit Free Press and
Reimagining Detroit – Opportunities for Redefining an American City by John Gallagher.
DETROIT Population: 713,862
Square-mile area: 138.77
Boston, Manhattan, and San Francisco
TOTALS Population: 3,008,828
Square-mile area: 118.08
BOSTON Population: 617,720
Square-mile area: 48.43
MANHATTAN Population: 1,585,873
Square-mile area: 22.96
SAN FRANCISCO Population: 805,235
Square-mile area: 46.69
Upper Rouge
Tributary Area
LEAP Area
Detroit CSO Program
Detroit has invested over $1B in CSO control
The Detroit Green Infrastructure Program
The Basics
• A requirement of the NPDES permit (CSO control program)
• Primary objective is CSO control
• Detroit’s sewer system is 97% combined
• $50 million commitment to green infrastructure
• Upper Rouge project area: approx. 40 square miles
Big Picture Timeline
1989 – 2009 CSO Facilities $760 M
2010 - 2029 Green Infrastructure Program
2008 Economic Recession
2010 - 2012 Detroit Strategic Framework Plan
2013 - Emergency
Financial Manager
2013 Bankruptcy
2014 - Parcel Mapping
1980 1990 2000 2010 2040 2030 2020
2017 – 2037 and beyond Control of Additional CSOs: Cost $TBD
Population 1.2 million
Population 1.03 million
Population 951,000
Population 713,000
CSO/Agency Timeline
Social Timeline
2014 GI Contract Launch 2014-6 DWSD/GLWA transition
2015 Impervious Cover Update
What are the unique characteristics of Detroit that we need to consider in the green infrastructure program?
1. Land in Public Ownership – 29%
2. Blight
20% of parcels in the City are blighted or showing signs of distress
3. Drainage Charge
• Over $100 million in annual revenue
• Approximately $750/ impervious acre/ month
• Credit system for stormwater management under development
Eric Seals, Detroit Free Press
4. Flooding
Kimberly P. Mitchell/Detroit Free Press/MCT
5. New Investment
Arena District
State Fair Grounds
Packard Plant?
Green Infrastructure Plan
• Updated Green Infrastructure Plan was submitted to MDEQ on August 1, 2014
• DWSD.org → About DWSD → NPDES
• Updated annually on August 1
Five Activities
1. Policies and Procedures
2. Prototype Projects
3. Continued Implementation
4. Long Term Performance
5. Stakeholder and Public Outreach
Activity 1 – Policies and Procedures
• Policies and procedures will enable both short and long term changes in stormwater management on parcels and rights of way
• Critical component of long term green infrastructure implementation
Policy Components
• Post Construction Stormwater Standards
• Ordinance Modification for Greener Development
• Demolition Standards
• Plumbing Requirements
• Plan Review and Inspection Process
• Urban Agriculture and Rezoning
• Complete/ Green Streets Standards
Drainage Charge System
• Drainage Charge System • Need current data for accurate billing • An incentive for property owners to use green infrastructure
• Activities • Data accuracy and currency • Billing account information • Rate structures • Credit systems • Tool kit for property owners • Outreach and training
• Property owners moving forward with retrofits represent over 600 acres of area management
Informing Property Owners
• Property owner mailing for those with parcels > ½ acre (DWSD initiated)
• Considering on-line parcel viewer so that property owners can see their site (Customer initiated)
Keeping Data Current
• Opportunity for property owner to provide revised data to account for: – Data precision
– Property changes
• DWSD data updates – Periodic updated aerial coverage (most frequent is
annual, depends on rate of change)
– Demolition records
– Building / site plans records
– DWSD connection permits
Calculating a Bill
• Basic Concept – Bill is based on impervious area of the parcel times
current rate for impervious area. • impervious acres X rate = bill
– Impervious area calculated to the 0.01 acre.
• Current class system – Less precise, appropriate when available data was less
detailed.
• No fundamental change in concept. Change is in precision.
Better Data Precision
Billable Impervious Area
• Billable area is only within the parcel border
• Impervious areas in the right of way are not charged.
Detroit Green Credit System
Purpose Provide incentives for property owners to control flows on site
Provide opportunities for property owners to reduce their bills
The System Benefit Reduce the amount of stormwater that is treated at the WWTP
Reduce the amount of stormwater that is treated at CSO facilities
Defer additional CSO investment
Reduce overloading of sewer system
Property Owner Benefit Reduced drainage charge
Improved on site level of service
Contributes to a reduction in overall cost for DWSD – helps control future increases
How Credits are Calculated
• Bill is broken down into components
• Credit is based on progress that a property owner can make toward controlling their flow
• Credit is based on performance
Activity 2 – Prototype Projects
• Projects to learn from
• Learning objectives:
• Process
• Institutional arrangements
• Cost
• Performance
• Timeline
• Public Acceptance
Ecological Restoration of Demolition Sites
Entity Primary Interest Role
University of Michigan Water Center
Design and Social Impact of Practices
Project concept, site selection, concept and landscape design, outreach
Detroit Land Bank Demolition of homes and land management
Land owner, site selection, demolition coordination, public outreach to neighboring properties
DWSD Stormwater management
Site selection, engineering, construction, flow monitoring, funding design/ construction
Wayne State University
Impact of stormwater on microbes
Sampling for biological impacts, monitoring access
Erb Family Foundation
Green infrastructure in Detroit
Funder for UM and Wayne State Research
City of Detroit BSEED
Zoning and code enforcement
Permitting and approvals
City of Detroit DPW
Right of way Permitting and approvals
December 2, 2015 34
35
36
Resultant Project
• Use two lots
• Center bioretention
• Allows for gentle side slopes to adjacent houses
December 2, 2015 37
38
41
Research Social ◊ Rainfall ◊ Flow ◊ Quality ◊ Groundwater
• Hydrograph Modification – Flow to WWTP – Impact to CSOs
• Infiltration Optimization • Groundwater Mounding • Social Acceptance
– U of M
• Water Quality – U of M
42
Neighborhood Projects
• Objective: Use mix of public right of way, and publically owned parcels for stormwater management and beneficial community assets.
Control of SW Runoff
Neighborhood
Stability Reduced Stress
Flooding Damage
Reduction Property
Values
Environmental
Social Economic
Historic Stream Corridors – Potential
45
Brightmoor
Other Projects
• Greening of Public Properties
– Schools
– Public Housing
• Transportation Corridor Projects
– Bioswales
– Permeable Pavement
• Parks Green Infrastructure
– Controlling runoff from streets in the parks
Detroit Public Schools
(or former schools….)
Activity 3 – Continued Implementation
• Downspout Disconnections • Tree Plantings (7,200 to
date) • Demolition Funding
Activity 4 – Long Term Performance
• Monitoring and modeling
• Maximum impact
• Maximum CSO reduction
• Maintenance
• Cost Effectiveness
Activity 5 – Stakeholder and Community Engagement
BSEED
Planning
DPW
Housing General Services
- Buildings and Parks
Assessors Office
Neighbor- hoods
CIT
Y D
EPA
RTM
ENTS
AN
D A
UTH
OR
ITIE
S
Financial Planning Division
GIS Group
Water Supply
Operations
Public Affairs
Asset Mgmt.
Wastewater Operations
Commercial Operations
• Detroit Land Bank Authority
• Detroit Building Authority
Buildings and
Safety
Doing More With Less
• Maximize the beneficial work of others
• Encourage or require private sector investment
• Implement projects with multiple benefits
Accomplishments
• Impervious acres removed*: 600 acres
• Property owner controls: 470 acres
• Development land affected: 80 acres
• Implementation projects: 15 acres
1165 acres
• Approximately 1 BG of stormwater managed annually.
• Since 2010
QUESTIONS?