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The direct method, created by Maximilian D. Berlitz. Main characteristics, methodology, principles
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Direct method
Maximilian D. Berlitz,1852-1921 Rhode Island, USA
Methodology
• Show• Say• Try• Mould• Repeat
Main characteristics
• Target Language
• Language and Not about the language
• Useful ‘everyday' language
Materials • Realia
• Pictures
• Flash cards
• Demonstrations
Techniques
• Reading aloud
• Question and answer exercise
• Self-correction
• Conversation exercise
The “never” principles• Never translate: demonstrate
• Never explain: act
• Never make a speech: ask questions
• Never speak with single words: use sentences
• Never speak too much: make students speak much
• Never go too fast: keep the pace of the student
• Never speak too slowly: speak normally
• Never speak too quickly: speak naturally
• Never speak too loudly: speak naturally
• Never be impatient: take it easy
Example
Advantages and disadvantages
• Natural method
• Learning is contextualized
• Emphasis on speech
• Full of activity
• Public schools
Advantages and disadvantages
• Teachers
• Skills
• Limited vocabulary
• Time
Can we use the direct method?
• Class instructions
• Speaking and listening
• Using visual aids to illustrate meaning