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The Digital Dividend:
THE challenge for digital TV
Elena Puigrefagut
European Broadcasting Union
ITU-D Regional Seminar for Europe, 29-31 January 2014, Budapest
1. THE CASE OF HIGHER CAPACITY/SPEED OF
BROADBAND PLATFORMS NEEDS TO BE MADE
BEYOND ADDITIONAL SPECTRUM
ALLOCATIONS TO THE MOBILE SERVICE AND
BEYOND THE UHF BAND DISCUSSION
USE OF EXISTING SPECTRUM ALLOCATIONS
FOR THE MOBILE SERVICE TO BE OPTIMISED
FIRST
Broadband
access
In use/available for
WBB (MHz)
Potential for WBB
(near term) (MHz)
Medium term potential
(>2015) (MHz) Possibly in very
long timeframe
Terrestrial 990.00 140.00 566.00 224.00
Satellite 173.00 0 0.00 0
WIFI 538.50 0 320.00 0
Total 1701.50 MHz 140.00 MHz 886.00 MHz 224.00 MHz
RSPG Opinion on WBB:
The RSPP requirement of 1200 MHz
is already exceeded !
MOST DATA TRAFFIC IS VIA FIXED NETWORKS
10% data traffic via mobile
networks in 2016
• In 2012, 71% of all wireless data traffic that was delivered to
smartphones and tablets in the EU was delivered via Wi-Fi (study by
WIK and Aegis). It is estimated that this figure will grow to 78% by
2016.
• Just over 10% of iPads sold have mobile internet access, and this is
used for only 6% of usage sessions, according to Localytics
Data volumes delivered via DTT compared to the Internet:
PB/month Cisco VNI 2012: Broadband traffic forecast in the EU
BROADBAND NETWORKS WILL NOT BE
A SUBSTITUTE FOR TERRESTRIAL BROADCAST
NETWORKS
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Fixed broadband Mobile broadband
Data volume
delivered via
DTT networks
in 2012
2. IN EUROPE, DTT NEEDS THE
470-694 MHZ BAND
Source: IHS – ScreenDigest: Cross-platform Television Viewing Time FY 2012
Note: Forecast from 2012 / * 2020 forecast by EBU
LINEAR TV REMAINS PREDOMINANT
Evolution of linear and non-linear TV viewing
(minutes per person per day) (average in EU big 5)
MONTHLY COST OF TV RECEPTION
FOR CONSUMERS (4H OF TV PER DAY)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Pay Satellite Cable Pay DTT IPTV Free Satellite Free DTT
€ / month
An equivalent traffic
over mobile network
today would cost
consumers between
1500 and 3000 €/month.
Data sources: Deloitte, IDATE
DTT IS THE PREFERRED PLATFORM IN THE EU
Terrestrial 46%
Cable 31%
Satellite 23%
Broadband IP 6%
TV reception in the EU households
Source: Eurobarometer 396, August 2013
Note: Adds to more than 100% as
households may use more than
one platform.
The mix of TV platforms is different in different countries.
DTT NEEDS THE SPECTRUM TO EVOLVE
It has been confirmed by :
• European regulators reply to RSPG and ITU questionnaires
• RSPP inventory on spectrum demand. “Analysis of technology trends,
future needs and demand for spectrum”, A. Mason for the EC:
THE IMPACT ON DTT: REDUCTION OF THE OFFER
Frequency channels available
No DTT multiplexes/layers
% Lost
2006 49 7-8 -
2007 40 6-7 ? 18.4%
2012/2015 28 4 ? 24.5%
Total 43%
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
Ap
r/2
00
9
Ju
l/2
00
9
Oct/
20
09
Ja
n/2
01
0
Ap
r/2
01
0
Ju
l/2
01
0
Oct/
20
10
Ja
n/2
011
Ap
r/2
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Ju
l/2
011
Oct/
20
11
Ja
n/2
01
2
Ap
r/2
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2
Ju
l/2
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Oct/
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12
Ja
n/2
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3
Ap
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Ju
l/2
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3
Oct/
20
13
No
. d
igit
al
TV
ch
an
nels
Channels on DTT networks across the EU area
It questions the
future market
demand for DTT
3. DTT NEEDS TO BE PROTECTED FROM
INTERFERENCES WHEN USING THE 694-790
MHZ BAND BY THE MOBILE SERVICE
CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE
Theoretically possible to avoid through
geographical separation, but…
-The cumulative effect of interference
from multiple base stations (IMT
downlink) into DTT reception
increases the separation distances.
Studies made before the WRC12
have shown an increase of up to 20
dB of the multiple interference
compared to a single interference.
-The protection of the IMT uplink
from the DTT emissions in the same
or in overlapping channels might be
a serious issue that could prevent
from sharing the band by different
services in neighbouring countries.
CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE
The example of the
800 MHz band has
shown that IMT
requires an
exclusive use of a
given frequency
band
• Illustration of the impact from DTT into IMT uplink (Study made by France in CEPT)
• Interference from neighbouring countries towards France. Broadcasting service as
an interferer, mobile service base stations as victims.
ADJACENT CHANNEL INTERFERENCE
• 800 MHz: from mobile LTE base stations to DTT below 790 MHz
• 700 MHz: from mobile LTE user terminals to DTT below 694 MHz
• The out of band emission levels of the IMT base stations and user terminals
should be reduced to a sufficiently low level to limit the interference into DTT in
the adjacent band.
• The required level depends on the MS technology and its band plan (FDD
conventional or reverse duplex, TDD, size of the guard band). These technical
details are not yet defined for the MS in the band 470-694 MHz (700 MHz case).
• 800 MHz: OOB limits defined in CEPT Report 30. Different levels defined in
function the degree of protection to be provided to DTT.
• It was shown that the risk of interference cannot in any case be reduced to zero
and therefore there is a need for additional mitigation techniques to solve the
possible interference cases that could occur during the implementation. In
Europe, the obligations of the license holders, in terms of choosing and bearing
the cost of implementing the mitigation techniques, were left to the decision of
the individual Administrations.
23 dBm
10 MHz
-33 dBm
-56 dBm
9 MHz 8 MHz
703 MHz 694 MHz
…
Guard Band DTTB ch 48
OOB limit in APT band plan
OOB limit to protect DTT
The APT band Plan does not sufficiently protect DTT and more
stringent limits are needed together with additional mitigation
techniques (e.g. additional filtering in DTT receivers to improve ACS)
ADJACENT CHANNEL INTERFERENCE – 700 MHZ
It is interference from the mobile LTE user
terminals to DTT below 694 MHz as per the 700
MHz band plan
INTERFERENCE, REAL OR GHOST?
DECISIONS ON THE UHF SPECTRUM
Should ...
• take account that is the only spectrum that allows for a long term evolution of DTT and that is the only sub-1GHz spectrum harmonised worldwide to the television broadcasting service which is essential for economies of scale to allow for affordable consumer equipment to be put on the market
• enhance the benefits delivered by the broadcasting service including the universal availability and free-to-air access to services
• take advantage of the complementarities between broadcast and broadband platforms
• respond to the specific national circumstances and needs which may be different in different countries
• respect the investments made by the broadcasting industry, including public service media and the public
• provide a stable regulatory environment and long-term certainty for investments and innovation
