The Developement of Motorway network in Croatia

Goran Puž, PhD, civ.eng.

Institut IGH d.d.

Institut IGH d.d.

The Developement of Motorway

network in Croatia

1. Background

2. History

3. Strategy

4. Design

5. Construction

6. Structures

7. Financing

8. Impacts (sustainability)

9. Future

Institut IGH d.d.

1. Background

• three large geographic regions in Croatia have different geomorphological and climatic characteristics

eastern edges of the

Alps

Pannonian lowlands

Danube

Dinara mountain range

Adriatic Sea

Basic facts- Croatian mainland covers 56,542 km2 - population 4,4 mil. inhabitants.- independent state since 1991.

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1. Background Geotraffic position of Croatia in European inland and maritime traffic routes

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2. History

Until 1991: 357 km of motorways and semi-motorways

Initially: accent on longitudinal axes

neglected transversal axes – maritime orientation

First motorways: 1970

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2. History

- 1991 to 1998: very few construction projects - intensive production of studies and design documents- project start: 1998 - 2001 - accelerated construction: from 2001 to 2009 more than 700 km of new motorways average: 80 km per year

Motorway network: the biggest engineering venture in Croatia since its independence

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3. Strategy

STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT DOCUMENTS

Zoning Strategy of the Republic of Croatia

Traffic Development Strategy of the Republic of Croatia, 1999:1500 km of motorways

goals:• accessibility,• capacity • connection of the entire national territory • economic growth • transit traffic • connection to the European traffic network

Institut IGH d.d.

Institut IGH d.d.

4. Design

The perception of space as a basic national resource is rapidly gaining momentum, and so the care about interaction between developed space and its surroundings is becoming increasingly important in the design work.

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4. Design

Protection criteria:

- Avoiding valuable construction,

agricultural or forest land

- Keeping safe water protection areas

- Not affecting the urban environment

- Avoiding protected natural

preserves or cultural –

historical sights

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4. Design

Full scale motorway:

Design speed120 km/h

100 km/h - mountains

PAVEMENT STRUCTURE 1:20

subgrade, CBR > 10%

bituminous base course BNS 32s A , d=7,0 cmcement treated base CNS , d=25,0 cm

wearing course - stone mastic asphalt SMA 11, d=3,5 cm

bituminous base course BNS 22s A (polymer modified bitumen)

loose sub-base course of mechanically compacted stone aggregate

mesh reinforcement

EXCAVATE TOPSOIL 20 cm

<2:1 2:

1

1:1.5

4% p=2.5-7.0% 2:1

(3:1

)

BERM LINING 20 cm

p=2.5-7.0%

n x

max

8,0

m

4%

1:1

upper base course of crushed material Ms > 80 Mpa

asphalt concrete AB11, d=3,5 cm

, d=6,0 cmbituminous base course BNS 22 A

subgrade, CBR > 10%

loose sub-base course, Ms > 50 Mpa

, d=32,0 cm

, d=25,0 cm

PAVEMENT STRUCTURE OF EMERGENCY LANE

RAMMED CLAY

SHOULDER FILL

66.5 cm

66.5 cm

RAMMED CLAY

FILL WITH

RAMMED CLAY

2:1

CLAY COVER ANDTERRAIN INCLINATION > 1:2

EXCAVATION MATERIAL

WIRE MESH FENCE

WIRE MESH FENCE

EXCAVATE TOPSOIL 20 cm 1:1.5

200 500

200 1070 400 1070 250

500 200

700

RIGH OF WAY; L 65 m

DRAINAGE

400

1:20

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4. Design

Service stations:Rest areas: 124 – every 20 kmRest areas with filling station: 75 – every 31 kmCaffe bars: 90 – every 28 kmRestaurants: 17 - every 138 kmHotels: 7

Maintenance and Trafic Control Centres: 23

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4. Design Brinje 2007.Traffic safety: safest tunnels in Europe

European Tunnel Assessment Programme – Euro TAP