THE DESIGN OF FIXTURE FOR PRODUCT, BEARING 97, FOR …

THE DESIGN OF FIXTURE FOR PRODUCT BEARING 97 FOR CNC MACHINE

LEE WAN INN

Universiti Malaysia Sarawak

2002TJ 230 L482 2002

PKHICMAT MAKLUMA T AKACEMIK

11111 I1111 Ifl1lTIiJ 111111 II II 0000107204

SOTang P~ n yc r~hJn L aporan Projek Univcrsili Ital 3ysia Suawak

R 13~

BORANG PErWERAH AN LA PO RAN P RO EK

Judul THE DES IGN OF FI XTURE FOR PRO DUCT BEARING 97 FOR CNC MACHINE

199912002 _ _ ___ _SESI PENGAJI AN

Saya LEE WAN INN

(HURUF BE$AR)

mengaku me mbenarka l1 LCsis ini d isimpan d Pusa Khidnul Maklumal Akade llllk liniversili Malaysia $arnwak dell ll syaral-syanll kegullJan sepeni ~nkul

I Haknullk k( rUs proJek ada lah mlill penulls dan UN IMAS

1 Naskhah salillan dl da larn benruk kcrus aUI mi lcro han)ll hold l J ibual dengan kehenaran bcflUhs da rip3d1 G~ IMAS 31au penulis

J usal Khidm31 MaklurTIa l Ak3demlk UN IMAS dibenarkan mt mbual sa liI1 ll unl ltk pcngaj iall mcrcka

4 Kc ctas projek hanya bold l ducrbitbu dcngan kebenaran penu lis 3V1U UNfM AS Bayaran ro)lthi adalali mc ogiku kadar )ling d lPCTSCluJu i kelak

S bull Saya mcmhcn ukall dak mc rnbenarkall Perpustakaan mcmbu al salin all kectas projck in i sehag~1 h han pcrtukaran d i a illaTl innilUSl pengaJlan lllgSi

6 bullbull Sila tandakan ( ) d l mana kOl3k png hcrkenaan

~ SUUT (vleng3ndllllb maklumal yang bcrda rp h kcsc lanl lan alu kepm lmgarr

Mala ys ia sqeni yang termaktub dr d2ian AKTA RAHS IA RASMI I(71)

~ TERHAD ( ell~md llllbi maklulll~ 1 TERHA D yang le lal] dtte llhl lan a lell o rganisasil

badilll d i rltla na ~nydiJikan dljai311kl rl)

~ T IDAK TERHAD

Oisahk I olch

(TANDAT AgtGAN PENUU $) (T A14DAT ~N PENYEL IA) -shy -

Ala lll leUp 179 JALAN S ANOAR HI UR

75000 M ELAKA SYEO T ARM 1Z I SY ED SHAZALI Nama PCQyeha

l anklt l ankh

CATATAN POlone va ll i Ida berken a ll J t- l Ktrl u PrOlek 1111 SULI T alau TERHAD s la lam pl rlo l n sural d a r lp d ~ pihak bukuau1 org amsul berkenu n d ~ni 1 n men ~middotr l a k a n seka ll Irmpoh kerl a projek lni per lU d ikcljlln ~tb1 g n SULI T a lau T ERHAD

SUPERVISORS CERTIFICATION

This project report entitled THE DESIGN OF FIXTURE FOR PRODUCT

BEARlNG 97 FOR CNC MACHINE was prepared by Lee Wan Inn as a partial

fulfillment of the requirement for Bachelor of Engineering with Honours (Mechanical

Engineering and Manufacturing System) is hereby read and approved by

bJ-cI J-oe Lshyr I

Sye Tamfzi Syed Shazali Date


LEE WAN INN

This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering (Hons)

Mechanical E ngineering and Manufacturing System from the Faculty of Engineering

University Malaysia Sarawak 2002

Acknowledgement

The author would like to acknowledge the guidance and supervi sion that

offered by Encik Syed Talmizi Syed Shazali as a supervisor through out the

completion of this project report Acknowledgement is given to the staff of Winco

Precision Engineering (Melaka) Sdn Bhd for their important assistance Thanks to Mr

Lor Thim Soon production manager of the company who offered a lot of help

guidance and suggestion in developing th~ design

The author aknowledgememt would not be completed without recognizing Cik

Rubiyah bt Hj Baini Programme Coordinator of Mechanical Engineering and

Manufacturing System who prepared many letters requesting pennission to visit the

conpany Thanks also to the staff and technicians of Faculty Engineering for their

help

Finally the author would like to acknowledge to her family and friends who

have given so much encouragement and support along the completion of this project

Abstract

Fixture plaJ1]ing is an important element in prClduction planning Process plans

for machiling operations are prepared Wiel an assumption that jigs and fixtures would

be readily available for locating and holding all job-machine combinations Fixture

planning determines the fixture that holds a workpiece firmly in position in a

particular set up and provides a means to reference and align the cutting tool or -probe

to the workpiece The objective of this project is to identify and design a suitable

fixture system for the production of a particular product called Bearing 97 It involves

the analysi s of the machine specification machining process workpiece and finished

product specifications to identify the parameters needed for the fixture Then detailed

designs of the fixture with the variou components are produced according to the

parameters that have been determined earlier The prototype is produced and tested for

its efficiency The result is obtained and presented

ii

Abstrak

Perancangan fixture adalah elemen penting dalam perancangan pembuata

Proses merancang untuk operasi pemesimn adalah dirancang dengan anggapan fixture

telah bersedia untuk memegang semua kombillasi produk dan mesin Perancangan

fixture mengenalpasti fixture yang dapat memegang produk dengan rapat di posisinya

untuk penggunaan tertentu dan memberi rujukan dan susunan alat pemotong kepada

produk Projek in bertujuan mengenalpasti dan mencipta saru sistem fiXture yang

sesuai untuk penghasilan produk tertentu iaitu Bearing 97 Ia meEbatkan analisa cirishy

Cili mesin proses pemesinan ciri middotmiddotc iri b3han mentah dan produk akhir untuk

mengenalpasti parameter-parameter yang diperlukan unluk flXlure Selepas itu ciptaan

yang terperinci dengan pelbagai componen dihasilkan berdaarkan parametershy

parameter yang ditetapkan Model dihasilkan dan diuji untuk memperolehi

keberkesanannya Keputusan diperhatikan dan dibentang

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Abstrak

List of Figures

List of Tables

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

11 History of numerical contro l machine

12 Fixture planning and designing

13 Definition of design

14 Background of the company

15 Objectives

CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW

21 Qualityand design

22 Fixture and jig

22 I Degree 0 f freedom

222 Fixture hardware

22 3 Classification of fixture

224 Analyzing the machining operation

2 3 Fixture design principles

23 1 Type oflocation

232 Methods of location

233 General guidelines or rules

Page

II

III

Vll

x

2

3

4

5

7

8

9

10

12

J3

16

17

18

19

[ y

234 Locating and positioning 20

235 Chips and di11 cleaning 2 1

236 Locator wear 23

237 Supporting the part 24

24 Clamping methods 24

CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY

31 Define the problem 26

32 Analyze the problem 26

33 Data collection from research 27

34 Con~eptual design 27

35 Design generation 28

36 Design construction 28

37 Material selection 29


39 Evaluating of the final product 30

CHAPTER 4 IMPLEMENTA nON

41 Machining Processes 32

42 Machine specification 33

421 Travel axis 34

422 Turntable 34

43 Implementation 35

431 Design criteria and constraints 35

432 Detailed drawing 37

44 Chassis material 41

44 1 Steel 41

442 Carbon steel 41

45 Proto typing 43

v

451 Ve11icai Milling Machine 43

452 Drilling 50

453 Tapping 53

46 Assembly mechanism 55

CHAPTER 5 RESULT AND ANALYSIS

51 Loading-unloading mechanism 65

52 Inspecti0 n 72

CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDA nONS

61 Conclusion 74

62 Recommendations 75

REFERENCES 78

APPENDIX 80

VI

List of Figures

Figure Page

21 Six degrees of freedom 9

41 Dimension of the workpiece after the second

stage of machining 57

42 Finished product after the third stage of machining

Process 58

43 Area of the worktable 34

44 Moullting plate 59

45 Bearing 97 locator 60

46 Bearing 97 shaft 61

47 WaslJer bush and locator pin 62

4 8 Isometri c assembly view 63

49 20 assembly view (A-A cross section of isometric

assembly view) 64

51 KlWAMI machine that used for drilling and

tapping machining process with the des igned fixture

set up on the machine 65

VII

52 The fixture is set on the worktable inside the

machine The machine is equipped with sliding

window for safety protection 66

53 Close look at the fixture Four locators are assembled

on the mounting plate with shafts locator pins and

stoppers fix on it 66

54 Close look at one of the four locators 67

55 Workpiece 67

56 Finished product 68

57 Restriction of six degree of freedom of the workpiece

by the fixture 69

58 It show~ the comparison before loading and after

loading process It shows how the worlplece is put

on the locators which fit on the stopper 70

59 Four products are placed on the fixture Washers are

put on it and clamping mechanism is obtained by

pushing the level to the right 70

510 Left The machining area when the machining

process is carried out

Right Close look at the machining area fixture and

spindle head 71

viii

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

11 HISTORY OF NUMERICAL CONTROL MACHINE

T he introduction of numerical control was in the earl y aerospace industry and

owed much to the US Air Force The first development work in the area of numerical

control (NC) is attributed to John Parsons and an associate named Frank Stulen at

Parsons Corporation in Traverse City Mich igan The origina l NC concept involved

the use of coordinate positional data contained on punched cards to define the surface

contours of helicopter blades After that retrofitting a conventional tracer nUll with

rudimentary numerical controls developed the first NC machine In March 1952 the

machine was demonstrated at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Sponsoring additional research at MIT to design a part programrill ng language that

could be used for controlling NC machine tools continues development of NC This

research resulted ill the development of the Automaticall y Programmed Tooling

(APT) language

NC is a form of programmable automation in which the processing equipment

is controlled by means of numbers letters and other symbols The numbers letters and

symbols are coded in an appropri ate fonnat to define a program of instructions for a

particular workpart or job [Mikell P Groover 1987) The program of instructio ns is

changed when job changes The capabiJity to change the program is what makes NC

suitable for low and medium volume production A numerica l contro l system consists

of three components they are program of instructions machine control unit and

processing equipmert The development of numerical control was a significant

achievement from technological and a commercial viewpoint in both batch and job

shop manufacturing

The extensions of NC technology include direct numerical control (DNC) and

computer numerical control (CNC) DNC was offered in the mid to late 1960s and

CNC systems were commercially introduced during the earl y 1970s DNC involves

the use of large central comput~r to direct the operations of a number of separate NC

machines This gave a great advantages in computer technology over the years and

resulted in smaller less costiy yet more powerful computers The developme1t

cortinued to result in new configuration called computer numerical control Accord ing

to Mikell P Groover (1987) CNC denotes a numerical control system that uses a

dedicated stored-program computer to perform some or all of the basic NC contru l

functions CNC is a NC system using a dedicated microcomputer as the machine

control unit Due to the programmable fl exible and interchangeable characteristics of

the CNC machine it is used to produce workpieces with high accuracy and

repeatability

12 FIXTURE PLANNING AND DESIGNING

The manufacturing planning activities are traditionally classified as design

process planning and production planning In this thesis attention is focused on the

fi xture design for specific product design on CNC machine Fixture plaruung is an

2

important issue in small batch manufacturing which requires the flexibility Fixture

planning determines the fixture that holds a workpiece finnly in position iil a

particular setup and provides a mean to reference and ~lign the cUlling tool or probe to

the workpiece Proper location of the workpiece is essential to ensure accllracy and

repeatability of the machining Fixture planning is difficult because there are many

different types of fixtures and fixture elements Fixture has to satisfy many constraints

on stability location restraint accessibility and cost Fixture plarning is important

because it contributes significantly to the overall manufacturing cost and process

Fixtures that are specially designed and built for a particular workpiece are called

dedicated fixtUlcs

13 DEFINITION OF DESIGN

According to George E Dieter design can be categorized as to create

something that has never been or arrange existing things in a new way to satisfy a

recognized need ofsociety

From the manufacturing view design can mean establishing the basic

parameters of a system It involves detailing the materials shapes and tolerance of the

individual parts of a product It is an activity that starts with sketches of parts and

assemblies and progresses to the drawing board or CAD workstation where assembly

drawings and detailed part drawings are produced [Geoffrey Boothroyd 1994]

Hollins and Pugh (1990) describe total design as a multidiSCiplinary iterative

process thaI takes an idea or market need forward inlO a successful product Design

3

does not end with production but with product disposal Middendorf (1990) defines

design as an iterative decision-making activity whereby scientific and technological

information is used to produce a system device or process which is different in some

degree from what the designer knows to have been done before and which is meant to

meet human needs Bebb (1988) describes design as the set ofprocess that translates

customer reqll irements into manufacturable outcomes

Generally design is creative multidiscipline process need to be iterative

evolutionary and serves human needs Quality is meeting the customers requirement

Therefore design for quality is the processes and activity that need to be carried out to

enable the manufacture of a product that fully meets customer requirements

A good design requires both analysis and synthesis Analysis is to calculate as

much about the part behaviors as possible by using Li)e approlriate diciplines of

science and engineering science and the necessary computationa l tools in order to

understand how part will perform in service Synthesis involves the identifi cation of

the design elements that will compri se the product its decompos ition into parts and

the combination of the part so lution in total workable system

14 BACKGROUND OF THE COMPANY

WTNCO Precision Engineering Sdn Bhd in Malacca provides precision

engineering contract services These include

a) Precision CNC Tum Process

b) Precision CNC Milling Process

4

c) Precision CNC Auto-lathe Process

d) Production of Small High Precision Zinc Die-cast Components

WINCO usually receives orders from the customers and at the same time raw

materials are provided by the customers WINCO will provide the service of

machining the raw materials to the final products Then they wi ll be send back to the

customer In this project the product invo lved is Bearing 97 which is a new job

assigned to the company The product will go th ro ugh few machini ng processes before

it comes to the finished product

WINCO is equipped with 15 CNC m2chines with different purposes have the

ability to produce a workpiece up to micron precision They have CNC turning

machine CNC lathe machi ne CNC drilling-tapping machine CNC machining center

and etc In order to produce Bearing 97 wi th the spec ification of the customer the

machines used are CNC turn ing machine and drilling-tapping machine However the

drill ing and tapping process will be the main atlentio n of this project

15 OBJECTIVES

The drilling-tapping machine or called J(jwami machine is not equipped with

Jlg or fi xture Therefore the workpiece is unable to be hold in position on the

worktable This gives the difficulties for the machining processes In order to ho ld or

clamp the workpiece on the worktable a suffIcient fi xture system is needed Thus the

main objective of thi s project is to design a fixture sys tem for the partic ular product

5

Bearing 97 for CNC drilling-tapping machine in order to accomplish the process ing

task Besides that the purposes of thi s des ign are to

a) Detennine the material selection

b) Understand the mechanism and assembly within the worktable fi xture and

workpiece

c) Model the prototype

d) Test on the prototype to obtain resu lt by analysing the quality of the output

6

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

21 QUALITY AND DESIGN

Quality is conformance to requirement or specification This is the definition

used by Crosby (1979) A more general definition of quality is fitness for use This

definition is attributed to Juran (1974) It places emphasis on the customer aspect of

quality including design quality

An addi tional formal definiti on of quality is quali ty is the totality of features

and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy given needs

This definition is the consensus definition in ASNIIASQC standard A3 (1978) a

document that provides a comprehensive discussion of quality and related tem1S

In order to produce a quality product the design qua lity and manufactu red

quality must be considered respectively Design quality is an important aspect of

quality and must b~ considered carefully in planning the design manufactwing and

marketing of a product

But design quality is not the only aspect of quality After a product has been

designed and placed in manufacture it is found that the manufacturing process does

not always produces each unit in conionnity to the requirement The defects may be

related to the product design itself and also related to the poor manufacturing

processes planning and machine tools setup In this project the focus is on the flx ture

planning that w ili result in the level of quality of the workpiece Therefore in order to

7

produce a quality finished product a sufficient fixture system which will coordinate

with the manufacturing processes is required

22 FIXTURE AND JIG

The modem manufacturing of interchangeable parts is established on the fact

that each part wiJi be produced within a specified tolerance range By using a jig or

fixture the part is presented to the tool in a fixed relationship thus satisfying the

prescribed tolerances

Jigs and fixtures are used primarily for holding and positioning parts during

manufacturing Jigs physically hrnit and control (guide) the path of a cutting tool

during the machining process Fixtures do not guide the tool but allow it to find its

own path [Jerome C Lange 1984] Both jigs and fixtures eliminate the six degrees of

freedom of the part which is required during machining The main function of a jig or

fi xture is for locating and holding Locating here means attaining the required

positional relationship between the workpiece and processing equipment Holding

denotes maintaining the workpiece in required orientation and position [Sundar

Balasubramanian 1999]

Earl y stage of fixture system research began in 1940 s Then followed by the

deveiopment of manual and guidelines for jig and fixture design This usually depends

on the discretion and experience of the tool designer With the development of

technology emphasis has been towards eliminating human intervention and increasing

automation The planning of fixtures with using computer-aided method has been

8

growing In recent years There is some study in the overall automation of fix ture

configuration and assembly FUlthermore there is fix ture design automation for

spec ified application domains

221 DEGREE OF FREEDOM

For a part to be statically s table wh ile it is being machined it must be in

equ ilibri ~m in the x y and z direct ions [Jerome C Lange 1984] There fore the sum

of the machining forces in the x y and z d irections must be equal to zero Also the

sum of the moments about the x y and z-axes must be equal to zero if the part is to be

in equilibrium [n other words the free body of the part must be in equilibrium

Since a part may have three degree offreedom of translation and three degrees

of fr-edom of rotal ion it is the Pdrpose of a jig or fixture to restrict these six degrees

of freedom of a part during the machining operation These six degrees o f freedom are

shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y

Figure 2 1 Six degrees of freedom (Courtesy of Design Dimensioning with Computer Graphi cs AppJ ication Jerome C Lange)

9

222 FIXTURE HARDWARE

Basic components are

i) Mounting components - mounting blocks are a form of locating and

supporting elements that are used to position locators and clamping devices at

specific heights off the mounting base Eg base plates angles plates

mounting or riser blocks and rotary tables bases

ii) Locating uni t - external and intemal locators

External locators are devices which are used to locate a part by its external

surfaces There are fixed and adjustab le

Fixed extemal locators are solid locators that establish a fixed position fo r the

workpiece Some instances of fi xed locators are

~ Integral locators are machined into the body of the work holder Hene-e it

requires added time to machine the locator and additional material has to

be provided to allow for machining of the locator

~ Locating pins are the simplest and most basic forms of locating element

~ V -locators

~ Locating nests involve a cavity in the work holder into which the

workpiece is placed and located No supplementary locating devices are

required

~ Edge ba rs and edge blocks

10

Adjustable external locators are movable locators that are freque ntl y used for

roughcast parts or simi lar parts with surface irregularities They are

~ Threaded locato rs

~ Spring pressure locators

raquo Equalizing locators

Internal locators are locating features such as holes Or bored diameters are

used to locate a part by its internal surfaces There are two types of internal

locators fixed and compensating

Fixed locatOrs are made to a specific size to suit certain holes diameter Eg

machine locators pin locators

Compensating locators are used to centralize the location of a part or to allow

for larger variations in hole sizes Two typical forms are conical and selfshy

adjusting locators

iii) Clamping units such as toe-clamps strap clamps screw clamps cam clamps

wedge-action clamps toggle clamps swing clamps and hook clamps

iv) Locating and clamping units are vises collets chucks and indexing units

II

PKHICMAT MAKLUMA T AKACEMIK

11111 I1111 Ifl1lTIiJ 111111 II II 0000107204

SOTang P~ n yc r~hJn L aporan Projek Univcrsili Ital 3ysia Suawak

R 13~

BORANG PErWERAH AN LA PO RAN P RO EK

Judul THE DES IGN OF FI XTURE FOR PRO DUCT BEARING 97 FOR CNC MACHINE

199912002 _ _ ___ _SESI PENGAJI AN

Saya LEE WAN INN

(HURUF BE$AR)

mengaku me mbenarka l1 LCsis ini d isimpan d Pusa Khidnul Maklumal Akade llllk liniversili Malaysia $arnwak dell ll syaral-syanll kegullJan sepeni ~nkul

I Haknullk k( rUs proJek ada lah mlill penulls dan UN IMAS

1 Naskhah salillan dl da larn benruk kcrus aUI mi lcro han)ll hold l J ibual dengan kehenaran bcflUhs da rip3d1 G~ IMAS 31au penulis

J usal Khidm31 MaklurTIa l Ak3demlk UN IMAS dibenarkan mt mbual sa liI1 ll unl ltk pcngaj iall mcrcka

4 Kc ctas projek hanya bold l ducrbitbu dcngan kebenaran penu lis 3V1U UNfM AS Bayaran ro)lthi adalali mc ogiku kadar )ling d lPCTSCluJu i kelak

S bull Saya mcmhcn ukall dak mc rnbenarkall Perpustakaan mcmbu al salin all kectas projck in i sehag~1 h han pcrtukaran d i a illaTl innilUSl pengaJlan lllgSi

6 bullbull Sila tandakan ( ) d l mana kOl3k png hcrkenaan

~ SUUT (vleng3ndllllb maklumal yang bcrda rp h kcsc lanl lan alu kepm lmgarr

Mala ys ia sqeni yang termaktub dr d2ian AKTA RAHS IA RASMI I(71)

~ TERHAD ( ell~md llllbi maklulll~ 1 TERHA D yang le lal] dtte llhl lan a lell o rganisasil

badilll d i rltla na ~nydiJikan dljai311kl rl)

~ T IDAK TERHAD

Oisahk I olch

(TANDAT AgtGAN PENUU $) (T A14DAT ~N PENYEL IA) -shy -

Ala lll leUp 179 JALAN S ANOAR HI UR

75000 M ELAKA SYEO T ARM 1Z I SY ED SHAZALI Nama PCQyeha

l anklt l ankh

CATATAN POlone va ll i Ida berken a ll J t- l Ktrl u PrOlek 1111 SULI T alau TERHAD s la lam pl rlo l n sural d a r lp d ~ pihak bukuau1 org amsul berkenu n d ~ni 1 n men ~middotr l a k a n seka ll Irmpoh kerl a projek lni per lU d ikcljlln ~tb1 g n SULI T a lau T ERHAD






bJ-cI J-oe Lshyr I



LEE WAN INN




Acknowledgement











help



Abstract













ii

Abstrak













iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Abstrak

List of Figures

List of Tables






15 Objectives



22 Fixture and jig









Page

II

III

Vll

x

2

3

4

5

7

8

9

10

12

J3

16

17

18

19

[ y



236 Locator wear 23
















421 Travel axis 34

422 Turntable 34





44 1 Steel 41

442 Carbon steel 41

45 Proto typing 43

v


452 Drilling 50

453 Tapping 53




52 Inspecti0 n 72


61 Conclusion 74


REFERENCES 78

APPENDIX 80

VI

List of Figures

Figure Page





Process 58








assembly view) 64




VII








55 Workpiece 67



by the fixture 69










spindle head 71

viii

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION













(APT) language










shop manufacturing













repeatability





2










dedicated fixtUlcs












3






















4















15 OBJECTIVES






5





workpiece



6

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW




















7



22 FIXTURE AND JIG



















8













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II






bJ-cI J-oe Lshyr I



LEE WAN INN




Acknowledgement











help



Abstract













ii

Abstrak













iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Abstrak

List of Figures

List of Tables






15 Objectives



22 Fixture and jig









Page

II

III

Vll

x

2

3

4

5

7

8

9

10

12

J3

16

17

18

19

[ y



236 Locator wear 23
















421 Travel axis 34

422 Turntable 34





44 1 Steel 41

442 Carbon steel 41

45 Proto typing 43

v


452 Drilling 50

453 Tapping 53




52 Inspecti0 n 72


61 Conclusion 74


REFERENCES 78

APPENDIX 80

VI

List of Figures

Figure Page





Process 58








assembly view) 64




VII








55 Workpiece 67



by the fixture 69










spindle head 71

viii

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION













(APT) language










shop manufacturing













repeatability





2










dedicated fixtUlcs












3






















4















15 OBJECTIVES






5





workpiece



6

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW




















7



22 FIXTURE AND JIG



















8













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II


LEE WAN INN




Acknowledgement











help



Abstract













ii

Abstrak













iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Abstrak

List of Figures

List of Tables






15 Objectives



22 Fixture and jig









Page

II

III

Vll

x

2

3

4

5

7

8

9

10

12

J3

16

17

18

19

[ y



236 Locator wear 23
















421 Travel axis 34

422 Turntable 34





44 1 Steel 41

442 Carbon steel 41

45 Proto typing 43

v


452 Drilling 50

453 Tapping 53




52 Inspecti0 n 72


61 Conclusion 74


REFERENCES 78

APPENDIX 80

VI

List of Figures

Figure Page





Process 58








assembly view) 64




VII








55 Workpiece 67



by the fixture 69










spindle head 71

viii

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION













(APT) language










shop manufacturing













repeatability





2










dedicated fixtUlcs












3






















4















15 OBJECTIVES






5





workpiece



6

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW




















7



22 FIXTURE AND JIG



















8













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II

Acknowledgement











help



Abstract













ii

Abstrak













iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Abstrak

List of Figures

List of Tables






15 Objectives



22 Fixture and jig









Page

II

III

Vll

x

2

3

4

5

7

8

9

10

12

J3

16

17

18

19

[ y



236 Locator wear 23
















421 Travel axis 34

422 Turntable 34





44 1 Steel 41

442 Carbon steel 41

45 Proto typing 43

v


452 Drilling 50

453 Tapping 53




52 Inspecti0 n 72


61 Conclusion 74


REFERENCES 78

APPENDIX 80

VI

List of Figures

Figure Page





Process 58








assembly view) 64




VII








55 Workpiece 67



by the fixture 69










spindle head 71

viii

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION













(APT) language










shop manufacturing













repeatability





2










dedicated fixtUlcs












3






















4















15 OBJECTIVES






5





workpiece



6

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW




















7



22 FIXTURE AND JIG



















8













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II

Abstract













ii

Abstrak













iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Abstrak

List of Figures

List of Tables






15 Objectives



22 Fixture and jig









Page

II

III

Vll

x

2

3

4

5

7

8

9

10

12

J3

16

17

18

19

[ y



236 Locator wear 23
















421 Travel axis 34

422 Turntable 34





44 1 Steel 41

442 Carbon steel 41

45 Proto typing 43

v


452 Drilling 50

453 Tapping 53




52 Inspecti0 n 72


61 Conclusion 74


REFERENCES 78

APPENDIX 80

VI

List of Figures

Figure Page





Process 58








assembly view) 64




VII








55 Workpiece 67



by the fixture 69










spindle head 71

viii

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION













(APT) language










shop manufacturing













repeatability





2










dedicated fixtUlcs












3






















4















15 OBJECTIVES






5





workpiece



6

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW




















7



22 FIXTURE AND JIG



















8













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II

Abstrak













iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Abstrak

List of Figures

List of Tables






15 Objectives



22 Fixture and jig









Page

II

III

Vll

x

2

3

4

5

7

8

9

10

12

J3

16

17

18

19

[ y



236 Locator wear 23
















421 Travel axis 34

422 Turntable 34





44 1 Steel 41

442 Carbon steel 41

45 Proto typing 43

v


452 Drilling 50

453 Tapping 53




52 Inspecti0 n 72


61 Conclusion 74


REFERENCES 78

APPENDIX 80

VI

List of Figures

Figure Page





Process 58








assembly view) 64




VII








55 Workpiece 67



by the fixture 69










spindle head 71

viii

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION













(APT) language










shop manufacturing













repeatability





2










dedicated fixtUlcs












3






















4















15 OBJECTIVES






5





workpiece



6

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW




















7



22 FIXTURE AND JIG



















8













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title

Acknowledgement

Abstract

Abstrak

List of Figures

List of Tables






15 Objectives



22 Fixture and jig









Page

II

III

Vll

x

2

3

4

5

7

8

9

10

12

J3

16

17

18

19

[ y



236 Locator wear 23
















421 Travel axis 34

422 Turntable 34





44 1 Steel 41

442 Carbon steel 41

45 Proto typing 43

v


452 Drilling 50

453 Tapping 53




52 Inspecti0 n 72


61 Conclusion 74


REFERENCES 78

APPENDIX 80

VI

List of Figures

Figure Page





Process 58








assembly view) 64




VII








55 Workpiece 67



by the fixture 69










spindle head 71

viii

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION













(APT) language










shop manufacturing













repeatability





2










dedicated fixtUlcs












3






















4















15 OBJECTIVES






5





workpiece



6

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW




















7



22 FIXTURE AND JIG



















8













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II



236 Locator wear 23
















421 Travel axis 34

422 Turntable 34





44 1 Steel 41

442 Carbon steel 41

45 Proto typing 43

v


452 Drilling 50

453 Tapping 53




52 Inspecti0 n 72


61 Conclusion 74


REFERENCES 78

APPENDIX 80

VI

List of Figures

Figure Page





Process 58








assembly view) 64




VII








55 Workpiece 67



by the fixture 69










spindle head 71

viii

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION













(APT) language










shop manufacturing













repeatability





2










dedicated fixtUlcs












3






















4















15 OBJECTIVES






5





workpiece



6

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW




















7



22 FIXTURE AND JIG



















8













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II


452 Drilling 50

453 Tapping 53




52 Inspecti0 n 72


61 Conclusion 74


REFERENCES 78

APPENDIX 80

VI

List of Figures

Figure Page





Process 58








assembly view) 64




VII








55 Workpiece 67



by the fixture 69










spindle head 71

viii

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION













(APT) language










shop manufacturing













repeatability





2










dedicated fixtUlcs












3






















4















15 OBJECTIVES






5





workpiece



6

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW




















7



22 FIXTURE AND JIG



















8













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II

List of Figures

Figure Page





Process 58








assembly view) 64




VII








55 Workpiece 67



by the fixture 69










spindle head 71

viii

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION













(APT) language










shop manufacturing













repeatability





2










dedicated fixtUlcs












3






















4















15 OBJECTIVES






5





workpiece



6

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW




















7



22 FIXTURE AND JIG



















8













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II








55 Workpiece 67



by the fixture 69










spindle head 71

viii

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION













(APT) language










shop manufacturing













repeatability





2










dedicated fixtUlcs












3






















4















15 OBJECTIVES






5





workpiece



6

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW




















7



22 FIXTURE AND JIG



















8













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION













(APT) language










shop manufacturing













repeatability





2










dedicated fixtUlcs












3






















4















15 OBJECTIVES






5





workpiece



6

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW




















7



22 FIXTURE AND JIG



















8













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II




shop manufacturing













repeatability





2










dedicated fixtUlcs












3






















4















15 OBJECTIVES






5





workpiece



6

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW




















7



22 FIXTURE AND JIG



















8













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II










dedicated fixtUlcs












3






















4















15 OBJECTIVES






5





workpiece



6

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW




















7



22 FIXTURE AND JIG



















8













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II






















4















15 OBJECTIVES






5





workpiece



6

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW




















7



22 FIXTURE AND JIG



















8













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II















15 OBJECTIVES






5





workpiece



6

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW




















7



22 FIXTURE AND JIG



















8













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II





workpiece



6

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW




















7



22 FIXTURE AND JIG



















8













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW




















7



22 FIXTURE AND JIG



















8













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II



22 FIXTURE AND JIG



















8













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II













shown in Figure 2 1

z Rotation

x

y


9
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II
















~ V -locators



required


10













adjusting locators




II













adjusting locators




II

Documents

THE DESIGN OF FIXTURE FOR PRODUCT, BEARING 97, FOR …