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The Database Environment: Basic Concepts, Organizational Issues and Database Models. Jason C. H. Chen, Ph.D. Professor of MIS School of Business Administration Gonzaga University Spokane, WA 99258 [email protected]. Events. New State. Transactions. (Add, modify, delete, …). D.B. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Copyright © Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. & Dr. Chen, Business Database Systems
The Database Environment:Basic Concepts, Organizational
Issues and Database Models
Jason C. H. Chen, Ph.D.Professor of MIS
School of Business AdministrationGonzaga UniversitySpokane, WA 99258
A Relationship Between the Organization and the DataBase
OrganizationalIS Resources:
PictureOr
Model
OldState
NewState
Activities
DataBaseManagement
SystemsCorrespond with the processing of the events
(Add, modify, delete, …)
Transactions
D.B.
Information must be:
User
Events
1. Hardware2. Software3. Data4. Procedures5. People
1. Time: Timely, 2. Content: Accurate, relevant, and verifiable.3. Form: Presented in a useable form.
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A Relationship Between the Organization and the DataBase
OrganizationalIS Resources:1. Hardware2. Software3. Data4. Procedures5. People
PictureOr
Model
OldState
Events
NewState
Activities
DataBaseManagement
Systems D.B.
Transactions
(Add, modify, delete, …)Correspond with the processing of the events
Information must be:1. Time: Timely, 2. Content: Accurate, relevant, and verifiable.3. Form: Presented in a useable form.
User
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TM 0-4Copyright © Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. & Dr. Chen, Business Database Systems
What is Information ?
DATA
Information is refined data.
INFORMATION
TM 0-5Copyright © Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. & Dr. Chen, Business Database Systems
Data vs. Information
• Users really want is– Information
i What users can learn from the datavhow to satisfy their best customersvhow to allocate their resources most efficiently,vhow to minimize losses
TM 0-6Copyright © Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. & Dr. Chen, Business Database Systems
Are they Data Bases?
• MS/Access, MS/SQL Server• ORACLE• IBM/DB2• etc.
Why don’t we just create a huge data file contain ALL fields?
TM 0-7Copyright © Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. & Dr. Chen, Business Database Systems
What Is a Database and DBMS?• A database is an organized collection of
logically related and integrated data files. • Models real-world enterprise.
– Entities (e.g., students, courses)– Relationships (e.g. Scott is taking bmis441)– A Database Management System (DBMS) is a
software package designed to store and manage databases.
TM 0-8Copyright © Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. & Dr. Chen, Business Database Systems
Objectives of the MISDeliver the right informationto the right people,at the right time,with the right form.
Ultimately, MIS should improve the workers’ productivity.
who has what information about whom and when, where, and how will all be decided in the process of building an information system.
TM 0-9Copyright © Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. & Dr. Chen, Business Database Systems
Why Study Databases??• Shift from computation to information• Datasets increasing in diversity and volume.
– Digital libraries, interactive video, Human Genome project
– ... need for DBMS exploding• DBMS encompasses many business applications • These days, practically everything is built around
a database.• If you understand how databases work, you
understand how a lot of business function
?
TM 0-10Copyright © Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. & Dr. Chen, Business Database Systems
Data Models• A data model is a collection of concepts for
describing data.
CUSTOMER ORDER
• Three database models– Hierarchical– Network– Relational
Type of Database Model
Processing Efficiency
Flexibility
End-User Friendliness
Programming Complexity
Hierarchical
High
Low
Low
High
Network
Medium-High
Low-medium
Low-moderate
High
Relational
Lower but improving
High
High
Low
Comparison of Three Database Models
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