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The Critical Period. Articles of Confederation & the Constitution. Overview. During the Constitutional Era, the Americans made two attempts to establish a workable government based on republican principles. 1) The Articles of Confederation 2) The Constitution - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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A R T I C L E S O F C O N F E D E R AT I O N & T H E C O N S T I T U T I O N
THE CRITICAL PERIOD
OVERVIEW
During the Constitutional Era, the Americans made two attempts to establish a workable government based on republican principles. 1) The Articles of Confederation
2) The Constitution When the Colonies achieved their independence, the
question that everyone was asking was, “What kind of government should we have?”
Most people still referred to their states when asked what country they were from.
Some people suggested that Washington become King of the US, but Washington refused to be seen as another monarch.
Few people wanted a strong National government. They did not want a government like Parliament.
THE ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION
In 1777, the Continental Congress created the ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION (which was approved in 1781) which created a Central National (or Federal) Government
The ARTICLES OF CONFEDERARTION would be the predecessor to the Constitution and the US would be governed by these for the first few years of existence.
WHAT THE AOC SAID
legislative
tax
war
representatives(to
Congress) one
PROBLEMS WITH THE AOC
Size or population
taxes(between the states)enforc
e
judicial
alliance
• Biggest Problem: States had more power than the national government
SHAYS’ REBELLION“Common” (poor)Paper money
stronger
taxes
Coin money
Causes of the Revolution
Boston
Articles of Confederation
State of MA
strong
by Alexander Hamilton & James Madison
THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION
Philadelphia
55 12 Rhode Island
fatherJames Madison
George Washington
keepRewrite the ArticlesVirginia Plan
THE CONSTITUTION IS BUILT ON COMPROMISE
Two (bicameral)
One (unicameral)
bicameral
Based on a state’s population
Equal representation
One house= equalOne House= populationPeople have
a popular vote
State gov’ts choose
House of Reps= popular vote; Senate= state gov’ts chooseJames Madison
(VA)William Patterson(NJ)
This plan was supposed to benefit BIG states with lots of people like Virginia
This plan was just like the AOC and was supposed to benefit SMALL states like NJ
It balanced the interests of big and small states, creating a strong national government with more power than the states
THE GREAT COMPROMISE
Roger Sherman
Ben Franklin
Each state got equal representation (2 people& 2 votes. Senators were chosen by state legislatures.
Each state gets representation based on itsPopulation. The people popularly elect members of the
House 9/01/1787
THE 3/5 COMPROMISE
3/5 (60%)
Freedom or the right to vote
1) They worried the North would end slavery2) Counting slaves in their population gave them more power
in Congress
9/17/1787
FEDERALISM: POWER TO GOVERN IS DIVIDED BETWEEN THE NATIONAL AND STATE GOV’TS
SEPARATION OF POWERS/CHECKS & BALANCES
Divisions/Separation of power
3
checks & balances
elections
upper
lower
Electoral College
electors
RATIFICATION DEBATE
THE BILL OF RIGHTS
James Madison
Creates idea of “judicial review” = only the Supreme Court (national gov’t) can declare laws to be unconstitutional
The Supreme Court said that states can’t tax the national gov’t because the “power to tax is the power to destroy”
States cannot regulate trade between the states. Only the national gov’t can deal with interstate trade.