The CreekThe Creek• Consisted of 2 distinct groups the upper Consisted of 2 distinct groups the upper

and lower Creeks and lower Creeks • The Upper and Lower Creeks were The Upper and Lower Creeks were

divided in their feelings toward the U.S.divided in their feelings toward the U.S.• The Oconee War was between the Creek The Oconee War was between the Creek

and the settlers– they were fighting over and the settlers– they were fighting over territoryterritory

• President Washington called Chief President Washington called Chief Alexander McGillvray to New York for Alexander McGillvray to New York for peace talkspeace talks

• McGillvray signed the Treaty of New McGillvray signed the Treaty of New York, by which the Creek gave up all land York, by which the Creek gave up all land east of the Oconee Rivereast of the Oconee River

The CreeksThe Creeks• Red Sticks wanted war and the White Red Sticks wanted war and the White

Sticks wanted peaceSticks wanted peace..

• On August 30On August 30thth, 1813 the Red Sticks , 1813 the Red Sticks attacked Fort Mimsattacked Fort Mims

• Fort Mims Massacre Fort Mims Massacre

1,000 Red Sticks overan the fort1,000 Red Sticks overan the fort

Killed and scalped 500 peopleKilled and scalped 500 people

Murdered innocent white & mixed Murdered innocent white & mixed blood familiesblood families

• Ignited a civil war between the upper Ignited a civil war between the upper and lower creeks – known as the Creek and lower creeks – known as the Creek WarWar

Chief McIntoshChief McIntosh• Leader of the Lower CreekLeader of the Lower Creek• Indian mother and Scottish fatherIndian mother and Scottish father•Government used him to get rest Government used him to get rest

of the Creek landof the Creek land•Without consent of tribe signed Without consent of tribe signed

Treaty of Indian Springs ceding Treaty of Indian Springs ceding Creek land to U.S.Creek land to U.S.

•Was shot down and stabbed to Was shot down and stabbed to deathdeath

The CherokeesThe Cherokees• Living in mountains they were out Living in mountains they were out

of main path of white migrationof main path of white migration•Went to war with whites and Went to war with whites and

Creeks oftenCreeks often• In 1794 they signed peace treaty In 1794 they signed peace treaty

with U.S.with U.S.•Sequoyah – Created and taught Sequoyah – Created and taught

others to write Cherokee languageothers to write Cherokee language•Syllabry – set of written characters Syllabry – set of written characters

or symbols used to represent or symbols used to represent spoken syllablesspoken syllables

The CherokeeThe Cherokee• Cherokee EffortsCherokee Efforts to adapt to the to adapt to the

settlers’ culturesettlers’ culture

Joined together to form nation Joined together to form nation that that crossed four statescrossed four states

Set up Constitution much like Set up Constitution much like U.S.U.S.

• Cherokee Phoenix – Cherokee Cherokee Phoenix – Cherokee bilingual newspaper, edited by Elias bilingual newspaper, edited by Elias BoudinotBoudinot

• New Echota – Capital of Cherokee New Echota – Capital of Cherokee nationnation

Georgia General Georgia General AssemblyAssembly• Put an end to Cherokee nationPut an end to Cherokee nation

• Declared Cherokee laws null and voidDeclared Cherokee laws null and void• Passed Act extending authority of GA Passed Act extending authority of GA

laws to Cherokeelaws to Cherokee• Indian or descendent couldn’t testify Indian or descendent couldn’t testify

in courtin court• John Marshall – Chief justice that John Marshall – Chief justice that

ruled that Georgia’s courts did not ruled that Georgia’s courts did not jurisdiction over the Cherokee Nation jurisdiction over the Cherokee Nation and lands (Worcester v. Georgia)and lands (Worcester v. Georgia)

President Andrew President Andrew JacksonJackson

•Led troops in the Battle of Led troops in the Battle of New Orleans after the War New Orleans after the War of 1812 of 1812

•Would become PresidentWould become President•Asked Congress to pass an Asked Congress to pass an

Indian removal bill giving Indian removal bill giving him more powers in Indian him more powers in Indian mattersmatters

•Told them to move WestTold them to move West

Indian ConflictIndian Conflict

• The discovery of Gold in Dahlonega led The discovery of Gold in Dahlonega led to the final Indian Removal from Georgiato the final Indian Removal from Georgia

• The Indian Removal Act of 1830 allowed The Indian Removal Act of 1830 allowed Georgia to push Creek and the Cherokee Georgia to push Creek and the Cherokee out of the state and seize their landout of the state and seize their land

• John Ross – Chief of the Cherokee that John Ross – Chief of the Cherokee that fought move westfought move west

• Major Ridge – led Cherokee movement Major Ridge – led Cherokee movement west, believed it was better for themwest, believed it was better for them

• Treaty of New Echota – Ridge faction Treaty of New Echota – Ridge faction agreed to give up land & move west for agreed to give up land & move west for $5 million$5 million

Indian ConflictIndian Conflict

• Trail of TearsTrail of TearsThe route to Oklahoma Cherokees The route to Oklahoma Cherokees used when forced to leave GAused when forced to leave GA

Moved west on foot in dead of Moved west on foot in dead of winterwinter

Thousands died and were treated Thousands died and were treated inhumanelyinhumanely

Winfield Scott – General who Winfield Scott – General who rounded up the last 15,000 rounded up the last 15,000 Cherokees in GACherokees in GA