The Creation of The The Creation of The Constitution of the United Constitution of the United StatesStates

~The Abbreviated Version~~The Abbreviated Version~

Articles of Articles of ConfederationConfederation Very WeakVery Weak Very few Congressional PowersVery few Congressional Powers No Power to Regulate TradeNo Power to Regulate Trade

– Each state acts like its own country!Each state acts like its own country! No Central Court SystemNo Central Court System

– What happens when states are having What happens when states are having disagreements?disagreements?

No Power to TAX statesNo Power to TAX states– How do they raise money for an army?How do they raise money for an army?

No Head ExecutiveNo Head Executive– Who is really in charge here?Who is really in charge here?

Which statement describes a Which statement describes a characteristic of the government characteristic of the government established by the Articles of established by the Articles of Confederation?Confederation?

A.A. A Supreme Court had the authority A Supreme Court had the authority to declare acts of Congress to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional.unconstitutional.

B.B. The national government controlled The national government controlled interstate commerce.interstate commerce.

C.C. The president maintained exclusive The president maintained exclusive control over foreign policycontrol over foreign policy

D.D. A system was created where the A system was created where the states held the most power.states held the most power.

AnswerAnswer

DD States held most of the States held most of the

powerpower

Constitutional Constitutional Convention in 1787Convention in 1787 Let’s get together and talk about it!Let’s get together and talk about it! James Madison ~ Father of the ConstitutionJames Madison ~ Father of the Constitution Virginia PlanVirginia Plan

– Proposed creating an entirely new central Proposed creating an entirely new central government with three branchesgovernment with three branches

– We know there are problems, and simply modifying We know there are problems, and simply modifying the Articles is not enough. We need a NEW plan!the Articles is not enough. We need a NEW plan!

– Representation based on size of stateRepresentation based on size of state New Jersey PlanNew Jersey Plan

– Congress has a single house where each state has Congress has a single house where each state has the same number of representatives.the same number of representatives.

Who was the “Father Who was the “Father of the Constitution?”of the Constitution?”

A.A. James MadisonJames Madison

B.B. Alexander HamiltonAlexander Hamilton

C.C. George WashingtonGeorge Washington

D.D. Roger ShermanRoger Sherman

AnswerAnswer

AA James Madison was the James Madison was the

father of the Constitutionfather of the Constitution

A Union Built on A Union Built on COMPROMISECOMPROMISE Small states think one way, large states think Small states think one way, large states think

another. another. What about slavery? What about slavery? Connecticut CompromiseConnecticut Compromise

– AKA Great CompromiseAKA Great Compromise Gave us the House of Rep. and the SenateGave us the House of Rep. and the Senate

Three-Fifths CompromiseThree-Fifths Compromise– Should slaves count in determining a states Should slaves count in determining a states

population? population? South said yes, North said no.South said yes, North said no. Every 5 slaves=3 free citizens when counting for tax Every 5 slaves=3 free citizens when counting for tax

and representation purposesand representation purposes

What did the Three What did the Three Fifths Compromise Fifths Compromise accomplish?accomplish? A. It freed all slaves north of VirginiaA. It freed all slaves north of Virginia B. It broke an impasse between B. It broke an impasse between

North and South by counting every North and South by counting every five slaves as three free persons.five slaves as three free persons.

C. It broke an impasse between C. It broke an impasse between North and South by counting every North and South by counting every three slaves as five free personsthree slaves as five free persons

D. It gave the north more tax money.D. It gave the north more tax money.

AnswerAnswer

B B Every Five Slaves=Three Every Five Slaves=Three

Free PersonsFree Persons

A Framework for A Framework for Limited GovernmentLimited Government Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty

– Rule by the PeopleRule by the People Rather than a direct democracy, it created Rather than a direct democracy, it created

a representative system of government in a representative system of government in which elected officials speak for the which elected officials speak for the people.people.

FederalismFederalism– Strong central government with rights Strong central government with rights

preserved by the states. Power is divided preserved by the states. Power is divided between the national and state governments.between the national and state governments.

What Means “Rule by What Means “Rule by the People?”the People?”

A.A. CompromiseCompromise

B.B. DemocracyDemocracy

C.C. Popular SovereigntyPopular Sovereignty

D.D. RepublicRepublic

AnswerAnswer

CC Popular Sovereignty Popular Sovereignty

Separation of PowersSeparation of Powers

Three branches of governmentThree branches of government– LegislativeLegislative

Makes LawsMakes Laws– House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives– SenateSenate

– ExecutiveExecutive Enforces LawsEnforces Laws

– PresidentPresident– JudicialJudicial

Interprets LawsInterprets Laws– Federal CourtsFederal Courts

Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances– A means for each branch to monitor and limit the A means for each branch to monitor and limit the

power of the other two.power of the other two.

Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances

Which is an example of the Which is an example of the EXECUTIVE branch checking EXECUTIVE branch checking on the LEGISLATIVE on the LEGISLATIVE branch?branch? A. The Supreme Court determines a A. The Supreme Court determines a

law to be unfair.law to be unfair. B. The president vetoes a bill passed B. The president vetoes a bill passed

by Congress.by Congress. C. Congress passes a law by 2/3 C. Congress passes a law by 2/3

vote, after it was vetoed by the vote, after it was vetoed by the president.president.

D. None of the aboveD. None of the above

AnswerAnswer

BB The president vetoes a bill The president vetoes a bill

passed by Congress.passed by Congress.

Which is an example of the Which is an example of the LEGISLATIVE branch LEGISLATIVE branch checking the EXECUTIVE checking the EXECUTIVE branch?branch? A. Congress impeaches a president.A. Congress impeaches a president. B. The courts overthrow a law.B. The courts overthrow a law. C. The president vetoes a law.C. The president vetoes a law. D. Congress refuses to meet. D. Congress refuses to meet.

AnswerAnswer

AA Congress impeaches a Congress impeaches a

president.president.

Federalists and Anti-Federalists and Anti-FederalistsFederalists FederalistsFederalists

– Supporters of the ConstitutionSupporters of the Constitution– Power divided between state and national Power divided between state and national

governmentgovernment Anti federalistsAnti federalists

– Opponents of the ConstitutionOpponents of the Constitution Real issue was NOT that they were against a Real issue was NOT that they were against a

national government, it was whether a national national government, it was whether a national government or state governments would be government or state governments would be supremesupreme

True or FalseTrue or False

Anti federalists were against having Anti federalists were against having a central government.a central government.

AnswerAnswer

False False They were They were

against having it have too much against having it have too much power, more than the states. power, more than the states.

Fight for RatificationFight for Ratification

Needed to be ratified by 9 out Needed to be ratified by 9 out of 13 states.of 13 states.

Delaware was first, December Delaware was first, December 7, 17877, 1787

Tough in New York, where most Tough in New York, where most people were anti federalistpeople were anti federalist– Finally passed with a 30-27 voteFinally passed with a 30-27 vote

Major hiccup?Major hiccup?– Lack of a Bill of Rights, and Samuel Lack of a Bill of Rights, and Samuel

Adams would not let that go!Adams would not let that go!– North Carolina and Rhode Island North Carolina and Rhode Island

were the last two to ratifywere the last two to ratify

What was the main issue What was the main issue surrounding the delay in surrounding the delay in ratification?ratification?

A. Need for delegates to show up.A. Need for delegates to show up. B. Delaware refused to cooperateB. Delaware refused to cooperate C. Lack of Bill of RightsC. Lack of Bill of Rights D. None of the aboveD. None of the above

AnswerAnswer

CC Lack of Bill of Rights Lack of Bill of Rights

Do we have a republic Do we have a republic or a democracy?or a democracy? A. DemocracyA. Democracy B. RepublicB. Republic

How can you remember this?How can you remember this?– ……and to the _____ for which it and to the _____ for which it

stands, one nation, under God…stands, one nation, under God…

AnswerAnswer

BB Republic Republic

Important Important AmendmentsAmendments First Ten are aka Bill of RightsFirst Ten are aka Bill of Rights Amendment Number OneAmendment Number One

– Freedom of SpeechFreedom of Speech– Freedom of ReligionFreedom of Religion– Freedom of PressFreedom of Press– Right to assembleRight to assemble– Right to petition the governmentRight to petition the government

*Note: Nowhere does it say you have the *Note: Nowhere does it say you have the right to be an IDIOT!right to be an IDIOT!

More Important More Important AmendmentsAmendments Number 5Number 5

– What do you mean when you say “I plead What do you mean when you say “I plead the fifth?”the fifth?”

Number 6Number 6– Speedy and fair trialSpeedy and fair trial

Number 10Number 10– Powers reserved to the statesPowers reserved to the states

Number 13, 14, 15Number 13, 14, 15– Free Citizens Vote!Free Citizens Vote!

And still more…And still more…

Number 18, didn’t last too long…Number 18, didn’t last too long…Repealed by the 21Repealed by the 21stst amendment amendment– Outlawed alcoholOutlawed alcohol

Number 19Number 19– Women Vote! 1920.Women Vote! 1920.

Number 24, to help enforce Number 15Number 24, to help enforce Number 15– No Poll TaxNo Poll Tax

Number 26, affects all of you very Number 26, affects all of you very soonsoon– Age 18 to voteAge 18 to vote

Amendment that freed Amendment that freed slavesslaves

a.a. 1414

b.b. 1616

c.c. 1313

d.d. 1515

AnswerAnswer

CC 13th 13th

Amendment that Amendment that allowed women to voteallowed women to vote

a.a. 2020

b.b. 1919

c.c. 1717

d.d. 66

AnswerAnswer

BB 19th 19th

Amendment that allows Amendment that allows you to vote when you are you to vote when you are 1818A.A. 2222

B.B. 2323

C.C. 2525

D.D. 2626

AnswerAnswer

DD 26th 26th

Amendment that gives Amendment that gives freedom of speechfreedom of speech

A.A. 11

B.B. 22

C.C. 33

D.D. 44

AnswerAnswer

AA 1 1stst

Please note, the right of free Please note, the right of free speech does NOT give you the speech does NOT give you the right to be “stupid.” For example, right to be “stupid.” For example, you cannot yell FIRE in a crowded you cannot yell FIRE in a crowded theatre. theatre.

True or FalseTrue or FalseTwo QuestionsTwo Questions A town can, legally and without A town can, legally and without

infringing on your rights, require you to infringing on your rights, require you to obtain a permit to march on city streets.obtain a permit to march on city streets.– TRUETRUE

A town can, legally and without A town can, legally and without infringing on your rights, ban all infringing on your rights, ban all marches by certain groups it determines marches by certain groups it determines to be unethical. to be unethical. – FALSEFALSE

YOUR RESPONSIBILITYYOUR RESPONSIBILITY

To enjoy your rights to the fullest, To enjoy your rights to the fullest, you must be prepared to respect you must be prepared to respect the rights of others. Respecting the the rights of others. Respecting the rights of others also means rights of others also means respecting the rights of people with respecting the rights of people with whom you disagree. Respecting and whom you disagree. Respecting and accepting others regardless of race, accepting others regardless of race, religion, beliefs, sexuality, or other religion, beliefs, sexuality, or other differences is essential in society.differences is essential in society.