The Creation

of Israel

November 1st, 2016

Review

1. This was written correspondence showing British support for a Jewish homeland in Palestine

2. This was an agreement amongst the French and British about how to divvy up territories taken from the Ottoman Empire in WWI

3. This was a document in which the British advocated for the creation of an Arab state in Palestine and restricted Jewish migration there

Terrorism“The use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.”

King David Hotel, Jerusalem, 1946

• Attack carried out by Jewish Paramilitary group Haganah

• 91 killed

“A Real Mess”

• Jews migrated to Palestine secretly.

• Underground paramilitary groups of Jews (Lehi, Haganah) engaged in open warfare against the British and their installations.

• The British concluded that they could no longer manage Palestine and handed the issue over to the United Nations.

• In 1947 the UN recommended the partition of Palestine into two states one Jewish and one Arab.

• The Jews accepted the UN resolution, the Arabs rejected it.

Is terrorism a matter of perspective?

• Groups such as Lehi and Haganah used violence to push their political point of view

• This no doubt aided in them achieving their goals as an organization fighting for Jewish independence in Israel

• Freedom fighters or terrorists?

UN intervention in Palestine

• 1947 UN passed a resolution creating a division of Palestine with both a Jewish State and an Arab State

• The British Mandate over Palestine ended at midnight on May 14 Israel became its own country and David Ben-Gurion became the first president.

• The next day Israel is attacked by a coalition of Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq

1948: Arab-Israeli War

• The British Mandate over Palestine ended at midnight on May 14

• David Ben-Gurion became the first president of Israel

• The next day Israel is attacked by a coalition of Egypt, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon and Iraq

• After 9 months of fighting Israel is victorious

1956: Suez War

• President Gamel Abdel Nasser of Egypt attempts to take control of Suez Canal

• Great Britain & France are upset because they built the canal and own it.

• Israel is angry because Egypt can now close the Canal to Israeli traffic.

• GB, France and Israel attack Egypt

Lester B. Pearson

1967: Six Day War

• Nasser was blockading shipping traffic in the Gulf of Aqaba

• Israel launched airstrikes, destroyed most of Egyptian air force

• Israel makes major territorial gains• Sinai Peninsula & Gaza Strip from Egypt

• West Bank from Jordan

• Golan Heights from Syria

• Another 1 million Arabs now lived under Israeli jurisdiction

1973: Yom Kippur War

• Egypt and Syria launch a surprise attack against Israel

• Israeli again defeated its attackers

Palestinian Terrorism

Palestinian Terrorism

The PLO

• Palestine Liberation Organization

• Founded on the belief that only Palestinian Arabs should have a state in Palestine

• Yasir Arafat becomes leader, launches regular terrorist attacks against Israel

• Intifada – attacks and uprisings within Israeli occupied territories in Palestine.

Munich Olympics 1972

Israeli Occupation of Palestine

November 3rd, 2016

Occupation of Palestine• 1967 – Six Day War, land grab for Israel

• UN Resolution 242: “the inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war and the need to work for a just and lasting peace in which every State in the area can live in security”

• Occupation deemed illegal, security council votes for Israel to withdraw troops from occupied areas, they refuse

• Human rights• Palestinians in occupied areas are suffering human rights abuses on a daily basis

from Israeli occupiers

• Death Toll• According to a UN report in 2014 at least 2,104 Palestinians died (including 1,462

civilians, of whom 495 were children and 253 women) in Israeli attacks

• The U.S. sends Israel $3.1 billion in aid every year in terms of direct, unrestricted military aid. Hillary Clinton promises to increase that sum even more.

Palestine is Still the Issue (2002)

1. What is meant by “Cultural Vandalism”?

2. What lies at the heart of the Israel-Palestine Conflict?

3. Describe intifada

4. What types of harassment, dangers, human rights abuse to Palestinians face?

Rachel Corrie1979 - 2003

Can There be Peace?

Late 1970’s, POTUS Jimmy Carter sponsored a peace agreement between Israel’s Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egypt’s President Anwar Sadat.

The leaders each received the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts.

In 1981, Anwar Sadat was assassinated by one of his own troops.

Begin, Carter,Sadat

Attempts at Peace

Late 1970’s, POTUS Jimmy Carter sponsored a peace agreement between Israel’s Prime Minister Menachem Begin and Egypt’s President Anwar Sadat.

The leaders each received the Nobel Peace Prize for their efforts.

In 1981, Anwar Sadat was assassinated by one of his own troops.

• In 1993, Israeli Prime Minister Yitzak Rabin and Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat signed The Oslo Peace Accord.

• President Bill Clinton hosted the leaders at the White House.

• The Accord gave the Palestinians a larger degree of autonomy over the West Bank

• Both Rabin and Arafat, received the Nobel Peace Prize for these efforts

• 2 years later, after leaving the stage at a rally for peace, Rabin was shot in the back of the head by one of his own citizens

Rabin, Clinton, Arafat: Washington DC, 1993