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The Courageous FollowerA New View of Leader-Follower
Relationships
Leader Followers
Based on the Books
The Courageous Follower and The Art of Followership
Copyright 2009, Ira Chaleff. May be used with attribution
Highlights of the Emerging Field of Followership Studies
• Leader-centric studies citing role of followers • 1988 - HBR article “In Praise of Followers” by Robert Kelley• 1992 – The Power of Followership – Kelley• 1995 – The Courageous Follower – Chaleff• 2003 – Dixon – Dissertation on Chaleff model• 2005 – Lipman-Blumen – Allure of Toxic Leaders• 2006 – Rethinking Followership Conference• 2008 – The Art of Followership – Lipman-Blumen, Riggio, Chaleff• 2008 – Followership – Barbara Kellerman• 2008 – ILA Followership Learning Community• 2009 – Weekly enquiries re: dissertations/ books/articles
Why Followership Now?
• Groundwork laid by leadership scholarship• Failures of leadership at all levels• Inverted pyramid in knowledge orgs• Widespread access to information• Telecommunications enabling peer to peer orientation/collaboration• Language/memes entering the culture• Professional development generating followership standards
Resistance to being “a follower”
• Cultural bias towards leaders• Confusion between follower as personality type and follower as role
5
Leader-Follower Organization
Leader-follower Leader-follower
Leader-follower Leader-follower
Leader-follower
Leader-follower Leader-follower Leader-follower
Leader-follower
Leader-follower
Source: Gene Dixon
Resistance to being “a follower”
• Cultural bias towards leaders• Confusion between follower as personality type and follower as role• Desire for egalitarianism
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Shifting Roles
LeaderFollower
Follower
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Shifting Roles
Leader Follower Follower
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Shifting Roles
LeaderFollowerFollower
Distinctions still exist when roles shift with activity
Resistance to being “a follower”
• Cultural bias towards leaders• Confusion between follower as personality type and follower as role• Desire for egalitarianism• Lack of positive models of followership
Common Purpose
The Courageous Follower: A New Model of Leader-Follower Relationships
Leader Followers
Shared Values
Leaders and FollowersServe a Common Purpose
Source: The Courageous Follower – Ira Chaleff
Five Dimensions of Courageous Followership
Courageto:
Assume Responsibility for common purpose
Support leader
and group energetic
ally
Take Moral Action when
needed
Participate in Transformation
Constructively Challenge counterproductive policies & behaviors
Source: The Courageous Follower – Ira Chaleff
13
Implementer Partner
High Support
LowSupport
Resource
HighConstructiv
eChallenge
LowConstruct
iveChallenge Individualist
Followership Styles
Source: The Courageous Follower – Ira Chaleff
14
Why do Leaders Need Partners?
What dynamics of Leader development and behavior require Courageous Follower behavior?
15
Visibility & Pressures Intensify as Leader Rises
Regulation
Rivals
Interest Groups
Family
Press
Budget
Identity Groups
Litigation
Leaders Need Energetic Support
16
Impact Magnifies as Leader Rises
Leaders Need Constructive Feedback
17
Candid Information & Feedback
NegativeResult
2. Improved Action
Disconfirming Feedback
1. Poor Action
= Learning
18
Interrupted Candor & Feedback
Leader Follower
2. Continued Poor Action
= No Learning
InhibitedFeedback
Screened-outFeedback
1.Action
Source: The Courageous Follower – Ira Chaleff
19
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Physical SurvivalSafety
Social Needs - Belonging
Achievement
Self-Actualization
Courage and Skill are needed to speak up
20
Other Models of Followership Styles
Art of Followership Chapter 1: Robert Kelley Independent Thinking & Action Engagement Exemplary Followers vs, Sheep, Yes-people,
Alienated and PragmaticsArt of Followership Chapter 11: Rodger Adair How employees view themselves Disciples and Doers vs. Disengaged and
DisgruntledsFollowership: Barbara Kellerman Levels of engagement Isolate, Bystander, Participant, Activist, Diehard
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Need for a Research Agenda
Role of followership in world events Followership in different cultures Early follower development Evolving role of followers Language of followership Courageous Conscience
* Adapted from Kelley chapter – Art of Followership
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For more information Leader-Follower
Partnership
The Key To
The Courageous Followerwww.courageousfollower.com
International Leadership Association’sFollowership Community of Learning
http://followership2.pbwiki.com/