Upload
penauk-mustanir
View
52
Download
5
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
efficient to ensure good financial system in the future. Refurbishments can be defined as the works to clean and decorate a room, building in order to make it more attractive, more useful. (New Oxford English Dictionary (2012) 2nd Ed., Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd). Therefore, the cost management play a main role in refurbishment building project which is must do in efficient ways
Citation preview
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS) FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND SURVEYING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM
1.0: THE RESEARCH TITLE
THE COST MANAGEMENT OF REFURBISHEMENT BUILDING PROJECT
IN MALAYSIA
1.1 Definitions and Keyword List:
A cost is a resource sacrificed (in the form of money or the value of the money
equation) to obtain products and services that will benefit current or future use of the
organization. The cost management is very important for an institution to keep the
flow of money in and out. Hence, the management should be done with utmost
efficient to ensure good financial system in the future.
Refurbishments can be defined as the works to clean and decorate a room,
building in order to make it more attractive, more useful. (New Oxford English
Dictionary (2012) 2nd Ed., Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd). Therefore, the cost management
play a main role in refurbishment building project which is must do in efficient ways.
Page | 1
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS) FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND SURVEYING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM
2.0: INTRODUCTION (CITATION)
Refurbishment in this study refers to upgrade, major repairs work, renovations,
alterations, conversions, extensions and modernization of existing building, but
excludes routine maintenance and cleaning work (Ali and Rahmat, 2009). The
provision of modern accommodation through the refurbishment and upgrading of
existing old has increased considerately in recent years and there are many reasons
for this.
According to Rahmat (1997), about half of the refurbishment projects started
with only 60% of the design being complete. In the majority of the refurbishment
projects, a high proportion of design information can only be obtained during the
construction stage.
The cost of refurbishing and re-using an existing building is generally lower
than the cost of demolition and new construction. However, due the complexity and
uncertainty of refurbishment projects proved by Egbu (1994) and Ali et al. (2008) it
may affect the real cost for the refurbishment process.
Besides that, the performance of refurbishment projects is much affected by
the design process (Stermen, 1992). The design process for the refurbishment then
will give implication to the work, cost and the refurbishment period. Therefore,
management in the design process needs to be improved in order to produce an
accurate design before starting work on site.
.
Page | 2
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS) FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND SURVEYING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM
3.0: PROBLEM STATEMENT
Nowadays, the construction sector in Malaysia has been rapidly developed
and prosperous since era of the 90s. When the construction industry sector to grow in
line with the progress of the country, it will indirectly bring our country under
increasing demand of the scarce and more expensive in term of land. The Local
Authorities and private building owner have to take alternative plan which to forced
refurbish existing buildings rather than build a new building.
Problems that arise as a result of damage to the building need to be
addressed as soon as possible. Maintenance is one of the best courses of action to
address the problem of damage. However, in carry out the refurbishment works,
several other problems arise before or during repair work are carried out. Among the
problems faced by the management consist of the factors internal organizing agency.
For the example, it might be have a management cost during design process of
refurbishment building project which involves many parties such as design team,
consultant, contractor, and supplier .
This means preparing estimates for refurbishment cost allocation is complex
and difficult. The types of factors that need to be considered in decision making of
maintenance cost allocation vary for the existing significant building. It is involve
control planning and process of refurbishment building works which are the main
criteria that should be considered.
According to Laufer (1994), construction planning is an interactive process
performed by multiple participants, at different organizational levels and at different
times and locations. Laufer et al. (1994) and Shapira et al. (1994) in their extensive
research on the involvement of participants in decision-making in construction
planning and control, discovered that the construction planning and control process
involves many parties, internal as well as external to the construction companies.
Information about building services is normally very limited and is one of the
major elements of unforeseen building conditions (Azlan, 2010). Electrical wiring
works and piping which embedded in walls or ceiling is one of the part of service that
may affected of the pre-estimate the management cost. Meanwhile, the lack of quality
in design information results in many problems which include among others
incompatible designs that might crop up throughout the design process (Cornick,
1991; Ali, 2009; Sanvido and Norton, 1994).
Page | 3
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS) FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND SURVEYING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM
Therefore refurbishment in future becomes an important sector in the
construction industry. The determination of refurbishment process would helps to
forecast and plan an appropriate time. By identifying the dominant factors, it provided
more information regarding the refurbishment cost of buildings. Hence, this would be
able to assist building managers to familiarize on the degree of risk and uncertainty
that need to be mitigated in the future problems.
Page | 4
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS) FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND SURVEYING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM
4.0: AIM OF RESEARCH
The aim of this research is to identify the cost effectiveness for refurbishment building
project in Malaysia
5.0: RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
The objectives of the study are mainly focus on the following areas:
1. To identify effective sources of information that can be used during the design,
process of refurbishment projects.
2. To identify the problem faced during management cost in dealing with the
refurbishment project process.
3. To highlight the solutions can apply for to reduce cost management in
refurbishment building project
6.0: RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Based on the objectives of the study, a few research questions emerge as stated
below:
1. What are the effective sources of the information that can be used during the
design, process of refurbishment projects?
2. How to identify the problem faced during management cost in dealing with
refurbishment project process?
3. What is the recommendation solution can apply for to reduce cost
management in refurbishment building project?
4. Who did responsibility for the lack of cost effectiveness effectiveness in
building refurbishment
Page | 5
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS) FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND SURVEYING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM
7.0: SCOPE OF STUDY
Practically a study limited by the constraints of time, energy and finance. It is study
to define the scope and limitations of the terms of reference. Examples of the scope
and limitations are as follows:
1. This research will be study on building refurbishment at Shah Alam,
Selangor and Kuala Lumpur.
2. The methodology used is Quantitative data and Qualitative data.
3. Questionnaire distributed to developers, project managers / site managers,
supervisor, consultants and contractor.
4. 3 shopping complex buildings are needed to be found and compare about
refurbishment.
5. Over 5 storey shopping complex building will be studied
Page | 6
Select the research title
Literature review
Problem identification
Formation of aim, objectives and scope of research
Research methodology
Formation of data gathering techniques
Results, summary, conclusions and recommendations
Primary data:
Questionnaire
Secondary data:
ArticlesJournals
Research papersPublishes books
Websites
Data collection
Data analysis
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS) FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND SURVEYING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM
8.0: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The Research methodology can be defined as a collective term for the
structured process of conducting research.
Hence, it means the methods will be used by researcher to collect their data
and present it then become the findings on the research. There are many types of
methodology have been used but the main method are Quantitative Data and
Qualitative Data. Besides that, the data collection methods will be used which is
comes from secondary data, primary data and basic method for survey research.
Figure 1: Flow Diagram of Research Methodology
Page | 7
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS) FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND SURVEYING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM
Primary data collected by survey, which questionnaires prepared for
developers, project managers, and estimators. Questionnaires were prepared based
on Likert scale with five-point ranging from “strongly agree”, “agree”, “neither agree
nor disagree”, “disagree”, to “strongly disagree” due to attitudinal measurement
(Ryerson University, 2004).
Strongly agree Agree Neither agree
nor disagree
Disagree Strongly
disagree
1 2 3 4 5
Table 1: Point ranging in Liker scale
The building plan shape will be
affecting the cost of refurbishment. 1 2 3 4 5
Figure 2 : Example of using Liker scale.
Data is analysed using the median and mode of the results where appropriate.
Analysed data are represented in bar diagram or pie chart.
8.1 Data Collection Methods
Data collection is a process of gathering raw information which is becomes
the findings for answering the objective studies. There can be form from secondary
data, primary data or tertiary source of data.
In our studies about building refurbishment, our data collection methods are
using secondary data. The secondary data can be defined as data gathered and
recorded by someone else prior. (Pandiyan and Chandran, 2011) The sources from
secondary data can be from internal sources which is annual report, special report
or other forms of report which issued by a government body by some private
institutions. Next, the external sources of secondary data can be from books,
government publications, regional publications, media sources and commercial
sources.
Thus, in our studies we are using internet as a tools for do some surfing
about related journals. Other than that, we are trying to find books, research papers
and any reliable resources at library.
Page | 8
DATAfrom secondary data; journals on internet, books
DATA COLLECTIONwe are collecting 10 Journals related to our topic from internet surfing and several books, articles , etc.the data are saved to our computer as collection
DATA PROCESSINGthe journals and books will be read and took out the important databy using taulation, edting and classification the data will be filteredonly the important will be highlight and presented it out
DATA ANALYSISthe data will be analysis whether answering the research problem or notthere are some of data have been find such as the cost of refurbisment, the problem during refurbishment and the solution to problem arising
INFORMATION
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS) FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND SURVEYING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM
Figure 3: Flow Of Data Collection Process
Page | 9
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS) FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND SURVEYING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM
9.0: CONCLUSION
The systematic of conducted maintenance management system is very
important to be considered to ensure the smooth and maximize quality while
minimizing the cost of refurbishment work done. It is impossible for a job done
properly and no weakness. Similarly, maintenance management, although a lot of
ways and methods that can be used to carry out refurbishment work well, there are
still weaknesses and flexibility in management implemented. An exposed weakness
in the building management system implemented is also a benefit to the
management.
The efficient management will analyze the loopholes that occur and find
ways to overcome them in the future in refurbishment work. This is where the
management will improve the quality of work and efficiency in managing refurbish
building. However, the problems cost management arising due to considerably
affected the lack of information in refurbished designs process often occurred in
Malaysian Project.
Efficiency and quality of management is dependent on the nature of the
business conducted. Weaknesses can be seen in the maintenance management
system should be examined in detail. Although a maintenance management system
which is said to perfect, in fact there are still weaknesses. Therefore propose
recommendations based on this research are to improve the quality and minimize
the problem of cost management. In addition, the efficiency and technical
knowledge about field maintenance should have this in the work force to perform the
job well and satisfactorily.
Efficient management is essential. For this purpose, each of the parties who
manage the refurbishment is to be given knowledge adequate and up to date. For
examples, the delivery of design information should be up to date and efficiency to
avoid the redundant aspects. In addition, the analysis of very important work carried
out to their shortcomings from time to time. Good management requires not only a
good system, but should always be updated constantly to provide the quality of work
provided was good and kept current with cooperation communication between
parties involved.
Page | 10
BACHELOR OF QUANTITY SURVEYING (HONOURS) FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE PLANNING AND SURVEYING
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA SHAH ALAM
10.0: LIST OF REFERENCE
10.1 Journals
1. Chau ,K.W., Wong ,S.K., Leung , A.Y.T., Yiu, C.Y. (2003),"Estimating the
value enhancement effects of refurbishment", Facilities, Vol. 21 Iss: 1 pp. 13
– 19
2. Azlan, S.A., Syahrul N.K., Hafez S., (2009), "The characteristics of
refurbishment projects in Malaysia", Facilities, Vol. 2 Iss: 1 pp. 56 – 65
3. Azlan, S.A. (2009),"Cost decision making in building maintenance practice in
Malaysia", Journal of Facilities Management, Vol. 7 Iss: 4 pp. 298 – 306
4. Wong, K.C., (2000),"Valuing the refurbishment cycle", Property
Management, Vol. 18 Iss: 1 pp. 16 – 24
5. Azlan, S.A. (2010), Design information in managing refurbishment projects
in Malaysia, Vol. 5(6), pp. 768-773, June 2010
6. Pugh C. (1991) "The cost and benefits of rehabilitation and refurbishment",
Property Management, Vol. 9 Iss:2 pp. 143 – 156
7. Lateef, O.A. (2008), “Building maintenance management in Malaysia”,
Journal of Building Appraisal, Vol. 4 No. 3, pp. 207-14.
10.2 Books
1. Marsh P. (1983), The refurbishment of commercial and industrial buildings,
London, Construction Press
2. Ismail R. (2008), Managing refurbishment projects, Shah Alam, University
Publication Centre (UPENA), Universiti Teknologi MARA
3. Gorse C. and Highfield D. (2009), Refurbishment and upgrading of
buildings. 2nd. ed, London, Spon
4. Smith, Peter F. (2003) Eco-refurbishment : a guide to saving and producing
energy in the home, Amsterdam;Boston: Architectural Press
10.2 Websites
1. Wikipedia, 2012, Renovation, Avaiable from :
<en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renovation> [Accessed 16 November 2012]
2. NST, 2012, refurbishment set to take off in malaysia , Available from :
www.nst.com.my/.../refurbishment-set-to-take-off-in-malaysia-1.920 [Accessed
16 November 2012]
Page | 11