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"BLACKREVOLUTION

..SNCC REPRESENTATIVES TALK TO PRESS IN HAVANA. (l to r) George Ware, Julius Lester, Stokely Carmichael, Cubaninterpreter. (Photo: Felix Greene)

By. Julius Lester,

Julius Lester was one ofthe SNCC representativeswho visited Cuba along withStokely Carmichael. In thisarticle he talks about thatvisit.

ISREAL"STOKELYIN CUBA

THE CORAL SEAASailor Tells THE MOVEMENT:

LIFE IS HELLIN THE NAVY

Stokely Carmichael's visit to Cubaraised more comment from the pressand Congress than word that Lynda Birdwas going to marry Mao Tse-Tung's son.To the right-wing it was all the "proof"they needed that SNCC, Black Power andthe rebellions were Communist and thatindeed, as U.S. NEWS AND WORLD RE­PORT "reported," Fidel himself wasbehind the "riots." To the liberals Stoke­ly Carmichael had, once again, hurt_the"cause" of the Negro. And meanwhile,Detroit, Milwaukee, and eight other citieswere being devastated and it was too muchfor white America to deal with. Niggers,niggers everywhere. Some whites startedwishing for the good old days when allthey thought we wanted was to,marry theirdaughters.

Stokely's visit to Cuba was on theoccasion of the first meeting of the Or­ganization of Latin American Solidarity(OLAS). Gathered in Havana were dele­gates from some 20 Latin American coun­tries, as well as invited guests from thesocialist countries (except China, whodeclined to come, saying that OLAS wasnot serious if they were going to debatethe efficacy of armed struggle. Whenthey had concluded that armed strugglewas the only way, G'hina would be happyto attend and talk business.) Presentalso were observers and invited guestsfrom Europe and a full contingent ofU.S., Latin-American and Asian press.

The meeting was like a gathering ofrevolutionary who's who. Regis Debray'sattractive wife was there, as well asFrantz Fanon's widow, Senora Che Gue­vara, Wilfred Burchett, Felix Greeneand a delegation from the National Frontof Liberation from South Vietnam.

Stokely's unexpected appearance hap­pened to coincide with the insurrection inDetroit and the analysis that he gave toit and the other insurrections was par­ticularly relevant in the over-all contextof OLAS and played no small role in thefinal resolutions. OLAS, in brief, cametogether to debate the future of revolu­tionary movements in Latin America andwhat their approach should be - armedstruggle or struggle through more legal­istic means. The Communist Party fol­lowed the Russian line and pushed peace­ful co-existence and a go-slow approach.The guerillas were for armed struggle.Cuba, of course, was the strongest pro­ponent of armed struggle and stated itsposition unequivocally in the two openingspeeches of the conference delivered byArmando Hart and President Dorticos. Itwas apparent, as the conference openedhowever, that to pass a resolution forarmed struggle was going to be almostas difficult as armed struggle itself.

STOKELY MEETS PRESSOn the opening day of the conference

Stokely held a press conference. Hav­ing been swamped with requests for in­terviews, it was decided that he holdan open-ended press conference - notime limit, no questions left unanswered.All press were invited, except for UnitedStates press. This was considered pay­ment for past services rendered.

The press conference lasted two hoursand forty-five minutes and when it wasover, the press applauded. They hadasked serious questions and had receivedlengthy, serious answers, and what theyhad heard had been beyond their expec­tations. This was not much so that for thefirst three days of OLAS news of thepress conference overshadowed every­thing else.

CONTINUED ON P. 4

By Mark K1<~iman

I recently made contactwith two men on the USSCoral Sea, a 68,000 ton air­craft carrier which had re­turned from Vietnam andwas docked in Oakland. Bothm en were against the war,and neither of them wantedto go back for their secondtour of Vietnam, but theCoral Sea pulled out July26, and they went. This ispart of an interview withone of the sailors.

Q. When were you in Vietnam?A. We deployed on July 29, 1966 and

returned February 23rd, 1967.Q. How many planes were you carry­

ing?A. There were around sixty aircraft.

I never made - an exact count be­cause it didn't seem important. Dur­ing the cruise, 29 planes were shotdown. We left most of the rest inJapan, disabled by lack of parts ormechanical difficulties.

Q. How many atomic weapons does theCoral Sea carry?

A. I can't tell you exactly how many,because I don't have clearance toget near them. But we have enoughto blow half of Asia off the map.

CASUALTIESQ. Do you ever hear anything about how

many soldiers and Marines are killed?A. I can't give you any exact figures, but

I will tell you that the word that getsback to the States as to how manyAmericans get killed and as to howmany Vietnamese get killed is abunch of bullshit. I've talked to Ma­rines while I was overseas and a lotmore of them are getting killed thanis getting out in the official figures.I can't say whether it is more or lessthan the number of Vietnamese.

Q. Would you say that holds true for ouraircraft losses as well?

A. Yes, when I came back no one everknew how many planes the CuRALSEA actually lost. I've never readan announcement in a paper about thenumber of dead pilots, so they mustnot be telling them. And they haveCIA people around in the shore patrol,

CONTINUED ON P. 11

IMMORALITY OF PEACE

LETTER TO LBJ

SNCC AND THE ARAB-ISRAELI CONFLICT

THE MOVEMENT would like to urge all those people outraged and indignant at thearticle in the SNCC Newsletter of june-July on ~'The Palestine Problem" to read it.again, thiS time in good faith, quietly and without malice aforethought.

We have read it many times. It is not anti-jewish. It does not characterize jewsas a group. It carefully distinguishes between jews and Zionists:

" •.. several American and European jews, who are not Zionists aild cannot sup­port the horrors committed by Zionists in the name of judaism, have spoken out andcondemned the Zionist distortions of the jewish religion •• :'

In fact, the statements made by SNCC pale in contrast with the accusations hurledagainst the Zionists by anti-Zionist jews. SNCC knows deeply and well that a peopleare not to be j'udged AS A GROUP, but that the political actions of a STATE are to bejudged, and if wrong, to be condemned. SNCC has never flinched from speaking itsmind.

SNCC IS PARTISAN

Friends:What THE MOVEMENT does is im­

portant, its coverage of what's happeningreally comes from where it's happening;but, because of the Movement's impor­tance, I worry about some of your writer'sconclusions. I found julius Lester's pieceone of the two most questionable.

Does peace in Vietnam have to meanpacification by the military force of theUnited States? lf the foreign military with­drew, would not the people of Vietnamsoon be able to establish a peace based onthat people's conception of their ownneeds? Won't U.S. forces be withdrawnquicker if a majority bfthe U.S. populationfavors it? Isn't it, then, a hopeful de­velopment that more and more organiza­tions and publications come out for peace

President Lyndon johnsonThe White HouseWashington, D.C.

between American and Asian forces andagainst armed intervention in Asia by U.S.forces? Is not, then, the Peace Movementaccomplishing something of possible val­ue?

It is true that if we don't have inter­national peace, we shall probably soonhave no more oppression by Caucasians- because there will no longer be anypeople to oppress or to be oppressed.

By the way, were the people of Spainor of the world benefited by there beingso few people (Lester calls them Ameri­can liberals) ready to combat the Spanishcounter-revolution?

Yours for a much better worId,Tom Lawrence

SNCC IS POLITICAL

SNCCRESIGNERS

IF YOU SUBSCRIBE

PLEASE READ IT

I remember, Mr. President, when youstood up in the U.S. Congress, and beforethe nation said, •'We shall overcome;'"'Ever since then, the decent people'sbeen having a hard time throughout theUnited States. Mr. President, if you wantlaw and order, you should prove to thenation that you do want law and order.

Senator Eastland, Stennis, and the restof the Mississippi delegation should notbe there. You had a chance_to prove to allcitizens of the United States that they havelaw and justice on their side when theMississippi Freedom Democratic Partyhad their Challenge. But instead, you andthe U.S. Congress seemed to ignore ·theCongressional Challenge, The citizens ofMississippi and the United States knowwhy you did this. Because Eastland andthe rest of the southern senators havemore political power, and I feel, and sodo other citizens, that you put this beforethe well-being of the citizens ofthe UnitedStates.

Yours in Freedom,Mr. Roosevelt Vaughn

ANOTHER REASON

Mr. President, if you are looking fora reason for the riots, here is one: aNegro kid from Alabama got killed, fight­ing for his country, and he couldn't beburied in his home town. I am sure thatyou remember this. because it wasn'tnothing that the federal government coulddo about it. Because they didn't want to donothing about it. Now you're talking aboutjustice for all the citizens in the UnitedStates, but we know that it's no justice forNegroes unless they fight for it. But youare going to tell us that we are civildisobedient because we try to take backsome of the things that the white mantookfrom u!>' and from our foreparents over ahundred years ago. Because we are still inslavery, like our foreparents were over200 years ago.

NOT GOING TO SIT STILLMr.. President, I've got to inform you

that the Negroes throughout the UnitedStates are through taking it from therich man. Because if he hits us or oneof our women, we are not going to sitstill for that.

Mr. President, didn't no one- set upa committee when Negroes were beaten injackson, Mississippi, by white cops duringa peaceful demonstration.

Mr. President, one girl lost her babyduring that time, because a police hit herin the stomach, but now, because the Ne­groes are hitting back, you wantto find outthe trouble. And on this committee, Mr.President, you do not have any Negroes;and I feel, and so do other citizens, thathalf of this committee should be Negroes.But we feel that you should reconsider thatcommittee, and take that committee, andbring those peoples that killed the threecivil rights workers in the State of Miss­issippi, and bring them to justice.

Mr. President, I could give you manyreasons why they are having all thistrouble, but you don't need a reason,because you already know.

11iE MOVEMENTis publ1shed monthly byThe Movement Press+49 14d1 streetSan Frandsco, CaUfornia 94103626-4577

SUBSCRIPTIONS$2 per year, individual copies,$7 per hundred per month. non­commer-cial bulk subscriptions·Advertising: $4 per column inch

OIICAGO STAFFMike James4533 N. Sheridan Rd.Chicago, W. 60640334~8040 .

LOS ANGELES STAFFLou Gothard583-0968Bob Niemann478-9509

1657 Federal Ave. #5Los Angeles, Ca. 90025

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EDITORIAL GROUPTerence Carmon Joe BlumBobbl Cledorka Krts DymondMike Sharon Buddy SteinBrooks Penney Dave WelbnanHardy Frye Karen KoonaD

Dear Mr. PreSident:I am writing you this letter in regard

to your address'to the nation on july 27,when you said that you were setting up acommittee to investigate the riots in the /United States.

Mr. President, you do not need a com­mittee to investigate riots, You know thetrouble as well as I do. The trouble, Mr.President, is because the Negroes andthedecent whites is tired of the rich peoplespushing them around.

Mr. President, you said that you wantedlaw and order, but it can not be law andorder as long as Senators Eastland, Sten- ­nis, and the rest of the southern senators

.and congressmen say that the poor man donot count.

Mr. President, I am against violence,but I must say, from past experience, thatthe Negro do not have justice. Because,Mr. PreSident, I was beaten in Maben,Mississippi, along with three other guys.The F.B.I. came to the house and tookstatt>ments, but didn't anything happen.

I went to Washington, Mr. President,and talked to the justice Department. Igave them two names of the guys thatbeat us, and now, Mr. PreSident, you talkabout setting up a committee to investi­gate the riots. Mr. President, you needto set up this investigation to investigatethe Ku Klux Klan ana the Citizens Coun­cils.

Sincerely,Bernard Gayman

cc: Mr. GoldenNorth Carolina Israelite

(himself a jew) who was called an anti­semite by the same Zionists.

I am of the belief that the statementsmade by the above gentlemen is a stabin the back of the Civil Rights Movement.S.N.C.C. should be I a u d e d for itscourageous stand against injustices per­petrated against minorities, be they inIsrael, South Africa or any part of theglobe.

I suggest Mr. Golden res e r v e hisweaponry to combat racism in the rightplaces. I would highly recommend for himto intensify in his own press the gospel ofthe alliance of all minorities in our coun­try Uews especially) against the e v i Iforces, that wish to hurt the Negro Eman­cipation.

Would appreciate receiving your lit­erature and the pleasure of joining yourorganization.

TO THE MOVEMENT,

Last month we got three or four requests from readers to cancel their subscriptions.This puzzles us. They don't say why. We assume it's because of SNCC's position on riotsand/or Israel and/or Cuba and/or revolution.

Why is it that when people disagree with us, they don't even want to read our point ofview? Are they afraid to get it at their house? Don't they want to know what we are for,instead of only what the Establishment SAYS we are for?

We've decided not to cancel any subscriptions. Folks paid for them so they are going toget them. They can toss them in the wastebasket if they want to. But we don't believein cutting off communication with people, not when the crisis in America is as tough as itis. mE MOVEMENT ain't so evil it can't be read.

The article in the Newsletter is partisan, no doubt about it. SNCC clearly supportsthe revolutionary aspirations of the Third World: and Israel, as characterized by theactions of its statesmen and military men, is opposed to these aspirations.

We question the motives of those. Americ_ans who oppose American militarism andsupport Israeli militarism, who denounce johnson and acclaim Dayan(a military ad­visor to American forces in Vietnam), who cry out against the napalming of Viet­namese and consider the napalming of Arabs "necessary:'

Time and again we have seen people angrily denounce SNCC and withdraw theirsupport whenever SNCC has dared to make POLITICAL judgments, ·when it hasattacked johnson's hypocrisy, denounced the war against Vietnam, supported theArab cause, identified with Latin American revolutionary aims. We suspect that SNCCis denounced because Americans fear a black political movement that is opposed tothe desires of America's political decision-makers. Political judgments are not thesole province of American whites.

The attack on SNCC's "anti-Semitism" can only be called hysterical. You who de­nounce black violence for liberation and support Israeli violence for conquest are ina trap. You counter political decisions with slander, you label fighters for freedom

"outlaws!' You have lost you cool: you are afraid, Please think, please concentrate,

Your souls and your lives and your freedom are at stake,

Gentlemen:The story in the S.F. Chronicle re­

garding Mr. Golden's w: hdrawal from. your organization prompted me to write

this letter.Unfortunately I have not read the bulle­

tin to which Mr. Golden refers and wouldtherefore have to rely on quotes that ap­peared in the press, expressed by anotherdissenter, Mr. Bickel.

I assume Mr. Golden is'a Zionist(since not all jews are ZionistS) andtherefore would be very sensitive aboutaccusations of possible atrocities theIsraeli army may have committed in theprocess of their military activities, and thedisplacement of much r:Jf the Arab citizen­ry in the occupied territories.

I have obs~rved during the Israeli­Arab... war Zionists gave monolithic andunqualified support to the Israeli forces.And if some jews (not Zionists) daredas much as cast serious doubts about thedangerous course Israel has chosen, theyalso were labelled apologists for theSoviets. I believe it was Mr. Alvah Bessie

j'. i ........ .1..

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Jim Buckley

a couple of abortive attempts. Never­theless, fear of riots has won for WROa few concessions from the welfare de­partment and the cot,mty commissionersrerently.

Whites as well as Blacks talk aboutplaces to burn and loot when the riotcomes, and share a hatred of the sym­bols of oppression and degradation. Thefact that Black and White often reactin the same way to exploitation, of course,doesn't mean there is no racism or preju­dice - just that racism is considered a"contradiction among the people" andultimately even the racists are beginningto see that the real fight is against thosewho oppress us all.

CADRE

Dear Sirs:After burning my draft card in uniform

on April 15th, it became obvious that theonly reasonable thing to do with my lifewas to go full-time into the peace move­ment. I also realized that I was not in­terested in simp.l y protesting the war;I was out to stop it.

I have since been involved in settingup the first, real. live draft resistancemovement in Chicago. We call ourselvesthe Chicago Area Draft Resisters (CAD­RE).- Our program is large and ambitious;we are building a broad-based move­ment, involving large numbers of peoplenot simply to fight the draf , but also towork for the positive alternatives weseek. The program emphasizes anti-draftand anti-war education among young men;it emphasizes non-violent direct action atmilitary and Selective Service centers;it emphasizes organizing around a num­ber of draft counseling-draft resistancecenters being set up. The intent is to goout into the community to present ourmessage to young men, not to sit in ouroffices and wait for them to come tous.

I would like to appeal to your readersfor support. We desper!ltely need fundsto support organizers and pay for officeand printing supplies.

We now have twelve full-time organiz­ers working without salary, and manymore part-time workers. We can hire agreat many more full-time people if wecan get the money.

We are working closely with SNCCto recruit and support Black organizersto work in the Ghetto. There is a tre­mendous lack of knOWledge of simply thelegal alternatives to the draft amongBlack youth in the Ghetto; some draftcounseling is now available at the SNCCoffice. The problem is money: there area dozen committed Black organizers wecould hire if we had the money.

Contributors should make checks pay­able to CADRE. and send them to ourtreasurer. David Greenberg, at 5120 S.Harper Ave., Chicago, Ill. 60615. Re­ceipts will be mailed promptly.

Yours in Peace,Gary Rader

PHONE FREE IN CUBA"The Cuban government is providing an

increasing number of free services to thepublic.

"Cuban propaganda repeats PriemierFidel Castro':"s May 18 statement that 'theday will come when money, the vile in­termediary between man and the productshe creates. will be eliminated.'

"Yesterday Havana radio announced thathenceforth local calls made from publictelephones will be free in the whole cOJ.mtry.

,.Last week the government decreed thatfuneral and burial services would be furnished gratis by the state.

"Medical and dental services have beenfree for years under the Castro regime."

fI"om the S. F. Chroniclesame day

From the S.F. Chronicle

'~The Pacific Telephone Company con­tends its rate of return is now 5.1%. It isasking the State Public Utilities Com­mission for 7.9%. The difference amountsto $181 million annually that Pacific seeksto charge its customers.

''If approved, the new one-party resi­dential rate for most residents of SanFrancisco would increase from $3.85 to$5.75 a month. Business one-party servicewould be boosted to $8 a month.

..Pacific Telephone official said thatthe increase is necessary 'to do the com­munications job that California needs, andat the same time remain attractive to theinvestor' "

RAISE PHONE RATE

Dear Editors:Just a note to show my support of the

kind of reporting in recent issues ofTHE MOVEMENT. The excellent cov­erage of organization and exploitationof Black people. Mexican Americans.Indians and poor whites not only showsthe class character of exploitation, andtherefore of radical change or revolu­tion, but also says a lot about the na­ture of the individuals and institutionswhich exploit us.

Most of the 25 copies of THE MOVE­MENT I get each month find their wayinto the hands of both Black and Whitepeople in the Columbus Welfare RightsOrganization. Many of us feel a littleleft out since there have been no riotsin Columbus despite lots of rumors and

WHO NEEDS A REVOLUTION? WE DO!

Sincerely yours

COLUMBUS, OHIO

Gentlemen:Presently 1 am in the San Francisco

County J ail, waiting to be sentenced onpossession of two (2) codeine pills, withtwo prior convictions, for which 1 couldget five (5) to life. Can you imaginewhat_it's like to stand before a judgewith the prosecuting attorney on oneside - and hoping the public defenderis on your side - with two or threecitizens in the spectators section - thatis if it's a good day for tourists ­none of which could possibly be fromyour hometown, because you were bornand raised in "Watts"?, 1 must saythis creates a very foreign atmosphere;it makes you feel like a forgotten son,no mother or father, not even a brotheror sister (if you know what I mean)present to encourage and wimess thejustice, if any, that is about to be be­stowed upon you.

Days, weeks, months,. you've waitedwhile the court remains in a quandary,about what to do with you, while you'vebeen watching Russian ballet dancers andhippie after hippie (that'S those flowerchildren from those middle class fami- .lies) get dismissals or receive pro­bation or county jail sentences. for pos­sessing and selling everything from LSDto heroin.

1 wish you would tell somebody tocome to court, and see for themselves.Like some of the people over in the

. Fillmore, Hunters Point and Mission dis­trict, the ones without jobs and nothingto do and people like yourselves, ifyou're not playing golf that day or some":body's " commjttee to help fill the emptycourt rooms.' Actually any court day orcourt room you choose to visit wouldbe appreciated, because I've got a brotherthat's on trial every day ..

I just thought 1 would let you knowthat there is justice in the court room,that is, if you can dance a beautiful"Swan Lake." 1 hope this letter will en­courage you and your organization to sup­port and help fill the empty court room forjustice.

LETTER FROM JAIL

PAGE 4 THE MOVEMENT SEPTEMBER 1967

CASTRO ON STOKELY &BLACK REVOLUTION

From speech by major Fidel Castro Ruz, Prime Ministerof the Cuban Revolutionary Government at the closing of theFirst Conference of the Latin American Organization ofSolidarity (OLAS) at the Chaplin Theater on August 10, 1967,"Year of Heroic Viet Nam." (Translation of the transcriptmade by the Department of Stenographic Transcripts of theRevolutionary Government).

The very essence of imperialist thinking is revealed in'what the imperialists publish.Of course, we should state, to avoid any misunderstanding, so no honest person will mis­takenly think I am referring to him -(hat we know that, in spite of the infamous conditionsthat prevail there, there are some honest writers and journalists in the United States. Iam not talking about them. But there are so many of the other kind that I am afraid some­one may think we do not know how to distinguish between them. But here is a case whichexpresses the essence of imperialist thinking.

It is an article in TIlE NEW YORK DAILY NEWS entitled, "Stokely, Stay There." Wewould indeed be honored if he wished to remain here •••1 But he himself doesn't want tostay here, because he believes that the struggle is his fundamental duty. But he must knowthat, whatever the circumstances, this country will always be his home.

The article s tat e s: "Stokely Car­michael, the Negro firebrand, is in Ha­vana, capital of Red Cuba, after havingstopped off at London and Prague, andwe suggest that he remain in Havana,his spiritual home.

"As pointed. out, we urge Stokely toremain in Red Cuba until this miserableisland is rescued from communism, andthen he can head for some other Redcountry. lf Carmichael returns to theUnited States we think that the Depart­ment of Justice should throw the bookat him."

And in conclusion, after more of thesame sort of thing, it states: "While weare busy in Vietnam, we can hardlycrush Castro - ahhough the Govern­ment could, and should, stop discourag­ing Cuban refugees who plan Castro'sdestruction."

Stop discouraging I Stop discouragingCuban exiles who plan Castro's destruc­tion! Discouragement indeedI .. But let'sstick a reminder in Uncle Sam's hatto trample Castro underfoot with all theforce necessary to destroy his com­munist regime just as soon as we win

the war in Vietnam."lf the danger posed to this country

depended on a U.S. victory in Vietnam,we could all die of old agel

Observe how they express themselves,with what unbelievable exasperation, withwhat contempt, they speak of "a Negrofirebrand," of "the miserable island,"of "trampling underfoot." Because it

. must be said that the imperialists areannoyed by many things, but most ofall they are annoyed by the ViSit hereof a Negro leader - of a leader of themost exploited and most oppressed sec­tor of the United States.

In the past few days, innumerable ar­ticles about Stokely's trip have been pub­lished in the U.S. press; some very in­SUlting, others more SUbtle. They haveelaborated a whole series of theories.Some say "Stokely is fooling Castro,""Castro is fooling Stokely," "Stokelywants to make him believe that he rep­resents the Negro movement - the ma­jority of the Negro movement - andCastro is using him." Statements ofthat sort.

SNCC'S "RACISM"And they have gone still further. Some

theorists have stated: "How strange thatthis country is not racist, and Stokelyis a racist • • • How strangeI Howstrange ," Their aim is to create theimpression that the Negro movement inthe United States is a racist movement.

It is logical that the exploiters, who

for centuries practiced racism againstthe Negro population, now label as rac­ists all those who struggle against rac­ism.

SNCC'S PROGRAMIt is claimed that they have no pro­

gram. Well, that shows that often amovement can begin before a program

CONTINUED ON P. 10

Castro addressing aLAs.

(Photo: Felix Greene)

STOKELY IN CUBA- CON'T. FROM PAGE 1

Stokely at press conference. (Photo: Felix Greene)

The following morning it was announc­ed that Stokely had been voted the statusof "delegate of honor" of aLAS, a statusaccorded no other individual. Later thatday he addressed the conference, receiv­ing a standing ovation at the close of hisspeech. (This speech is being published·by SNCC. Watch the Movement for newsof its availability.)

No one had anticipated the overwhelm­ing response that came from his appear­ance at aLAS. Least of all, Stokely. Itwas thought that he would simply beanother revolutionary among the hun­dreds there. Instead, he was the focus ofattention, because of what he embodied- the spirit of Detroit - and what he hadto say. "We are ready to destroy fromthe inside," he said in closing his aLASspeech. "We hope you are ready todestroy from the outside." Few had everheard someone from the United Statesspeak thus and none had ever heardsuch coming from a black man. And toprove that his words weren't merelywords were the articles in each day'spaper on the insurrections. Prior toStokely's appearance at aLAS, the pos­sibility of guerilla warfare and revolu­tion within the U.S. was a matter of in­tellectual conjecture for Latin-Ameri­c an revolutionaries. Stokely made it a re­ality and through his words the revolution­ary potential of blacks becarr.c real. TheU.S. ITess reported that Stokely hadissued a call for urban guerilla warfare.The reality was much simpler. Urbanguerilla warfare was developing. He wassimply putting it into a political frame­work.

RECOGNIZE THE ENEMYIt has been disappointing to iearn that

some black militants have been mouthingthe enemy's words and accusing Stokelyof having' joined the Communist camp'. Itis disappointing to know that these mili­tants would get caught up in the enemy's"trick bag" of Communism vs. De­mocracy. No matter what these militants

. may think of Stokely's trip to Cuba, it doesnot speak well of them to use the enemy'swords and concepts and, at the same time,expect others to believe that they are partof the black revolution. The talk of 'let'slynch Stokely' that has come from the hallsof Congress and the press should be in­dication enough of the rightness of hisvisit to Cuba. The fact that the State De­partment is working night and day to get

him back inside the country should be proofenough that the U.S. is hurting because he'soutside.whereever Arne I' i can economicpower and political influence is, that isthe battle ground. Continental U.S.A. isonly imperia·lism's living room. The otherrooms of the house are Latin America,Asia and Africa. And it's the house we'retrying to destroy. Not just one room.

It was this concept and others that Stoke­ly discussed in an interview with MarioMenendez of SUCESOS, a Mexican revolu­tionary periodical. What follows are ex­cerpts from this interview where he ex­panded upon ideas expressed at the Havanapress conference:

ON REVOLUTIONLet me say very clearly that the only

solution is black revolution and that weare not concerned with peaceful co-exis­tence. Armed struggle is the unly way, notonly for us, but for all oppressed peoplesaround the world.

People who talk about peaceful co­existence are talking about maintaining thestatus quo, because the only way that youdisrupt an imperialistic system is whenyou disrupt it by force. You do not disruptit with talk. That has been crystal clearto us. It has been crystal clear to us,especially, because for 400 years themajority of African-Americans inside theUnited States have been talkillg, talking andtalking. And the reason is because whenyou talk you play the imperialist game.They invented the game of talk and whenyou talk, you talk in their language.

But now we have a new game, whichis called guerilla warfare. They cannot

play that game. And if you want to win agame, you've got to make the rules; ifsomebody else makes the rules, they al­ways win. The imperialists have made therules of talk, so when you sit down to talkwith them, you can't possibly win, for theyalways find a reason why they can't do thisnow, or why they can't do it then, and theyseem very rational. And you will sit thereand try to reason with them on their ground,in their terms. But they can't do that.

In the first place, they have no right tooppress people so there is no need to talkabout oppression. They have absolutely noright to oppress and to exploit anybodyelse. So to begin to talk about freeingyourself from exploitation and oppressionto the people who oppress you is to beridiculous. It is like a slave sitting downwith his master, or talking to his masterabout when his master is going to let himgo free. That is nonsense! The masterhas no business enslaving him. So whatdoes the slave have to do? It's easy I Getup and kill the master, if the master re­fuses to stop enslaving him. That is theonly solution.

REACTIONARY VIOLENCEThe reactionaries only stay in power

by arms. That is the only way they stay in'power. But they legitimatize their violenceand they tell everybody else violence isnot the way. Take away their guns and theirimperialist forces and see how manypeople would listen to them. Take awaytheir bases in Santo Domingo, take awaytheir bases in Venezuela, take away theirbases in Brazil, take away their bases inChile, take away their bases all over

South America and get their guns out ofthere and you'will see - nobody will lis­ten. But it is because of their guns thatpeople are forced to listen.

GUERRILLA WARFAREGuerilla warfare should never be dis­

cussed as to whether it's right or wrong.It is the only way to stop exploitation andoppression. To carry on a discussion ofwhether it's right or wrong is to play thegame of the imperialists. When you arewaging a war there is no right; there is nowrong. It is just what you feel is neces­sary to obtain your goal. And that is whatwe must understand, those of us who arein the oppressed world.

Guerilla warfare is where we are movingto in the United States. We are going todevelop our urban guerilla warfare andwe're gonna beat them in urban guerillawarfare., because there is one thing that theimperialists do not have. Their men do nothave the will to fight •..

INTERNATIONAL STRUGGLEWhat we have not recognized in the past

is that capitalism has become interna­tional and that we are fighting internationalcapitalism and in order to fight interna­tional capitalism you must wage an in­ternational fight. What has happened inthe past, for example is that if one nationwas struggling, everybody wished thatnation good luck but nobody saw it aspart of this same fight, although theycould see that the same countries wereoppressing that country, they still didn'tmake the connection in their minds thatthat was their common enemy. It is cry­stal clear to us that we are fighting aninternational structure that enslaves usall. The only way we can beat it is to in­ternationalize our struggle so you'll havean international power fighting an inter­national power. That is the only way we canwin, because if we do what Che says weshould do, that is, to create, two, three,many Vietnams, we will have them fight­ing on all fronts at the same time andthey cannot win. When we isolate the strug­gle they can bring all their power onone country and once they do that, thatcountry is lost.

But they cannot fight us all at thesame time. So that even if we do not havethe same goals, even if we do not have thesame political ideology, we have the samecommon enemy.

SEPTEMBER 1967 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 5

Ken Epstein talks to demonstrators at Induction Center. Standing behind him isMorgan Spector.

WAR. ON THE ARMY

C.O. CHANGE

CONTINUED ON P. 9

Enough of that legal bull-shit, and onto a run down of present anti-draft ac-

In the section on CO's the part defining"religious training and belief" as "anindividual's belief in a relation to a Su­preme Being involving duties superior tothose arising from any human relation•• :' was cut out of the law. This wasdone in an attempt to nullify ~he Seegerdecision but it looks like it will have noeffect on the Seeger precedent since itjust eliminated the part of the law thatmade the Seeger decision necessary.

Women may now serve on draft boards.

them all over. (Remember, this is firstclass mail. Ed.) He did so reluctantly.Names were taken of all who receivedthem. Some may have been opened. I wasangry and upset; it looked like • . . wewere going to have a struggle just to havethe right to get our mail rather than havea chance to read the truth in peace. Themail was to be sent to' our battalion S-2(intelligence section). The mail clerk gotmad and said that this was all illegal.They backed down . . . So The BONDwent out this afternoon to all intended.The NCO's and officers were very upset.They told people to turn them into theorderly room. Some did. But now this beganto stick in people's craw. THEY know thatthey had a right to accept or reject theBond as they felt and not as the army felt. . . So the brass really hurt themselvesby trying to crush dissent. People havereacted and have been forced to takesides."

The BOND is currently mailed free toany serviceman whose name is received.Subscriptions for non-servicemen are $3for six months. The BOND requests: 1)Articles, especially first - hand infor­mation on Vietnam; 2) Names and ad­dresses of servicemen; 3) Funds. Send toThe BOND, 2056 Emerson St., Berkeley,California 94703.

WHAT'S HAPPENING

for doctoral or combined master's-doc­toral students who have finished at leastone year.

The law also provides mandatory de­ferments for a course of graduate studyin medicine, dentistry, veterinary medi­cine, osteopathy, optometry, pharmacy,or in any other subjects necessary to themaintenance of the national health, safetyor interest,:' :The application of I-S(C)student deferment ONLY to undergrad­uates who receive induction orders duringan academic year. The elimination of theIll-A fatherhood deferment for all carry­!ng a II -S which begins after 6/30/67. And the placement of students in themost vulnerable draft age group aftertheir II-S's are up no matter what agethey are.

Besides the changes in the II-S Con­gress specifically prohibited the institu­tion of a lottery without the approval ofCongress. The extension of the time lim­its for requesting a personal appearanceor appeal from 10 days to 30 days (CO'sstill have only 10 days to return theirapplication once it's been requested).

The Justice Department advisory opin­ion in CO appeals has been eliminated;which cuts the FBI investigation and Jus­tice Department hearing out. This willgreatly shorten the time that CO casesnow take.

DRAFT

ARMY RESPONSEThe fourth mailing of The BOND in­

cluded every Private, Spec 4 and Spec 5of an entire company stationed in Hawaii.

A soldier from that company reportedthe response:

•'Someone thought it would be funnyto give the company commander one. He-:-eacted. He told the mail clerk to hand

The BOND is a new newspaper for menin the sendce. It publishes uncensorednews of the war, letters from soldiers,reports on the cases of men who have re­fused to serve in Vietnam and other in­formation of interest to men in the armedforces.

Published in Berkeley, California, TheBOND is mailed first class to protect themen who receive it. The editors state thattheir mailing list is also carefully pro­tected. They urge individuals to sendthem names and addresses of servicemen- regardless of attitude to the war -towhom they can send The BOND.

Letter response from the first fewissues indicates that many servicemenfeel a great need for a source of un­biased news as well as the knowledgeof the many other soldiers who opposethe war.

SEGAL ON THE

GETTING TRUTH

Jeff Segal, National DraftResistance Coordinator forSDS, talks about the changesin the draft laws and aboutwhat's happening in the draftresistance movement aroundthe country.

For graduate students things are a weebit tighter. The law essentially grants aone-year deferment for present graduatestudents. The specifics are: I) one year forfirst year graduate students, 2) one yearfor master's candidates (or graduationwhichever is first) regardless of year inschool, 3) one additional year or a total offive years of deferment after receivinga Bachelors degree, whichever is greater,

TIGHTER FOR GRADS

LAW· CHANGES,RESISTANCE GROWS

INTO THE ARMY

Congress passed a new draft law whichwent into effect on July 1, 1967. Whilepromising for months and months great"reforms" and "democratizing" very fewchanges were actually instituted by theCongress. In what seems to be an attemptto buy off students' dissent and minimize'the disruptive impact of the draft amongeconomic classes that the Congressmenthink might cause them to lose electionsthey have provided for MANDATORY lI­S (student) deferments for all undergrad­uates. Conditions for student defermentsare now: 1) a written request. from thestudent, 2) written notification from theuniversity or school that he is persuing afull-time course of study, which is definedby the school (this is usually fulfilled byschools filing SSS Form #109), 3) thecourses taken are worth credits toward adegree, 4) the student is making "satisfac­tory progress, which is, according to thelaw the completion of at least 25% ofcredits needed for a four-year degree bythe end of the first academic year, 50%by the end of the second year, etc. and5) the student has not reached his 24thbirthday. The academic year is definedby the law to be .a 12-month periodfollowing the beginning of a particularcourse of study. .

If you have questionsabout the draft, or wouldlike to know the addressof a draft counselor inyour are a, send re­quests to Jeff Segal, C/OTHE MOVEMENT, 44914th St., San Francisco,Ca. 94103

off. One of the demonstrators had beenpounding on the glass, around the door,and had put his fist through it. The Rent­a -Cop charged past me and grabbed theguy, determined to hold him until theOakland cops could arrive. This clearlywouldn't do. I grabbed one arm of thecop, and Morgan grabbed the other, andwe pulled until he let go of the demon­strator, who then split. The cop retreatedto the safety of the induction center. Whenthings cleared up, we discovered thatthere was a hole the size of a softball inthe glass, and a lot of cracks. It lookedpretty good.

We resumed the picket line. Therewere no arrests, and Ken's inductionwas delayed 30 to 60 days for securityreasons. This may have been only asmall skirmish, but war has been de­clared, and we're gettin' ready.

BROKEN INDUCTION CENTER' WINDOW

AT THE CENTERThere were about 40 of us there at

6:15. By 7, another 50 demonstrators,three Oakland police cars, a wagon, aplain-clothes federal car, and a goodnumber of press showed up. When thefirst bus-load of inductees was herdedinto the recruiting chamber without aproblem, most of the cops left. As soonas this happened, Ken got up on top of acar in front of the induction center andbegan a' rally. He read the text of' hisletter to the draft board, stating thathe did not expect justice from them,that he felt oppression must be foughtboth inside and outside the Army, andthat his training as a member of PLwould help him to organize once he gotinto the Army. Morgan Spector, fromthe Union, talked about how we couldn'tlet the Army push us around.' Ken'sinduction really brought things horne tous. There was a new feeling of militancywhich was reflected when Morgan said,"We declare war on the Army:'

The rally broke up, and when Kenstepped inside the induction center, aboutfifty of us stood in the outside doorwaychanting, "Hell, No, Nobody Goesl" Twosoldiers carne over to close the door,which they couldn't do because Morganand I were standing directly in front ofthe doorway. The two soldiers then gotreinforcements in the form of threemore soldiers' and a Rent - a - Cop. Afootball skirmish-type pushing match de­veloped between those in front and theAuthorities. We held our own for severalminutes, when the struggle suddenly broke

By Mark Kleiman

Ken Epstein was one of the first or­ganizers for the Berkeley Anti -DraftUnion. When he had a physical last April,he passed out leaflets inside the inductioncenter. When asked to stop, he refused.When he was told to leave, he left. In June,his San Bernadino dtaft board declaredhim I-A delinquent and he was orderedto report for induction on August 30.

This presented a political problem forthe union. Until this date, we had been ableto say that none of our members hadever been drafted. Also, Ken was theonly one of over two dozen men wholeafleted inside to receive a I-A delin­quent, so this could possibly be a test to seehow we react. Finally, Ken is a goodfriend of many of us in the Union, andwe were determined not to let him gowithout a fight.

Ken's position has been that if he'sdrafted, he'll go into the Army and or­ganize, but none of us have been too'happy about the prospect of his going inIf it could be helped. It was clear thatsomething more militant than our usualdemonstrations would have to be done.We got the support from the San Fran­cisco, Haight-Ashbury, and Stanford DraftResistance Unions, and set a demonstra­tion for 6:15 a.m.

WHERE WOULD WE BE WITHOUT AHANDF~

For m~ny years us black people have been trying to find a wayto stop the white man from cheating us and beating us and makingus pay him high rents to live in his run down houses, while hewould just sit in his air conditioned rooms and ignore us when wewould come begging him to lower his prices, fix up our apartments,clean up our streets, and demand that his police stop beating aridshooting our innocent black people. Who would ever have dreamedthat a handful of rocks might be one of the most valuable things wehave, at present, in our black communities?

For instance: A handful of rocks put Dixie Hills on the map.No one had ever heard of Dixie Hills or Summerhill or Watts, be­fore a handful of rocks. No one ever cared about the problems inthese black communities until, one day, a handful of rocks openedeveryone's eyes.

A handful of rocks brought news reporters and television cameras.For the first time, people were able to complain about problems inDixie Hills to the City of Atlanta and to people across the country.

A handful of rocks brought Negro preachers from all over thecity and elected Negro leaders came to the community for thefirst time since people helped put them in office years ago.

a so-called "Ner:;ro Leader"

We would probably never have know what they really w€

another "leader": which side is HE on?

A handful of rocks even brought Mayor Ivan Allen to IMost of us would never get to see the mayor face t(wasn't for a handful of rocks.

As a matter of fact most of us never would have eVEthat the smiling white-haired hunky of a mayor (J

about another white man's store than about an innocent blife, it it wasn't for a handful of rocks.

A handful of rocks and the city sends street sweepeHills for the first time in a long time. Garbage collection

beforea handfulof rocks

aftera handful·of rocks

A handful of rocks and all of a sudden someone promisa lot of shiny garbage cans to the community. (We hathem yet).

A handful of rocks on Monday night and on Tuesday ill

city sends gravel and a bulldozer to build a playground.

IL OF ROCKSre like:

?•

This story is about the Dixie Hills community in Atlanta.However, the problems in Dixie Hills are not much dif­ferent from the problems faced in Watts, Newark, Tampa,Cincinnati and many, many other ghettoes across the cO'un­try, where up to now, black people have been forced to liveand suffer quietly.

Because of a handful of· rocks, a lot more people in Dixie Hillsare beginning to wonder: Why is EOA in a Black Community runby a HUNKY? And why is it staffed by people who do not really careabout the community, because they do not live here? We havepeople who live in Dixie Hills who are capable of doing the workthat they are supposed to do~

Because of a handful of rocks, people in Dixie Hills will nolonger stand for outsiders cheating and insulting the community.Why should they continue to charge us high prices for rotten food.We could run this store ourselves. Prices would be lowered. Ourpeople would manage it, and more black people would be hiredto work in it. It would be owned cooperatively by the community. Theprofits would go into a community fund and be re-invested in otherbusiness ventures. Controlling our own businesses in our owncommunities is a first step toward achieving BLACK POWER forall our people.

ixie Hills.face, if it

n dreamednes moreack manJs

~s to Dixieimproves:

A handful of rocks on Tuesday night and on Wednesday morningsomeone offers to send the community some playground equipment.

A handful of rocks, and presto! the city promises to build a specialroad to Anderson Park.

A handful of rocks and busses arrive to take Dixie Hills childrento Six Flags over Georgia and other places.

A handful of rocks and the community is suddenly offered 300tickets to the baseball game.

A handful of rocks on a Monday and on Friday the city of Atlantareceives $4,500,000 (four and a half million dollars) from thefederal government for job training programs.

The city also received $600,000 for "emergency" recreation,after a handful of rocks.

Just one week after a handful of rocks, the city began to lay con­crete sidewalks so we can finally get out of the mud and dust.

The hunky who owns the Dixie Hills Apartments broke down andgave jobs to some of the young men in the community to clean upthe grounds, after a handful of rocks.

's to send"en't seen

rning the

A handful of rocks is just a beginning. (As one man said, "Ifa handful of rocks can do all that, how much could we get donewith a ton of bricks?")

With a handful of rocks (or by any other means necessary) anda community full of people ORGANIZED and determined to deal

"with hunkies and hunky Toms, us black people can move to getwhat we've been trying so hard to get for so long: freedom,justice and black power, through control of our own communities.

For the sake of our children . ..

PAGE 8 THE MOVEMENT SEPTEMBER 1967

REPRESSION VS. LIBERATION IN NASHVILLE

FREEDOM FIGHTERS BATTLEIN SOUTHERN RHODESIA

COPS HARRASS TOPREVENT RIOTS

later, it was clear that the police had noevidence against those arrested. Some ofthe defendents, including 11 few who werebetter dressed and more respectable look­ing, were told by the prosecutor that ifthey would plead guilty to DisorderlyConduct the other charges would bedropped. Nineteen of them accepted thisdeal and traded an admission of guiltfor a $25 fine and their freedom. Theremaining thirty-five were returned tojail with bonds of $5000 to $10,000 setarbitrarily and without hearing by thejudge, in clear violation of the criminalcode and the Eighth and Fourteenth Amend­ments to the Constitution. The trial datewas set two weeks off and many whocould not possibly make the exorbitantbonds were condemned to spend that timein jail before their case was even heard.

At this point several groups of lawyersin the city became interested in the case.An organization called Citizen's Alerthad been set up to handle the many casesof police abuses. Several law. studentsassociated with Citizen's Alert and super­vised by attorneys from the Chicago LegalServices Project and Community LegalCounsel -- two organizations set up in thepast year to handle legal work for slumcommunity organizations -- mounted acourt suit for a hearing on reasonable­ness of bail. In the end the court didhold a new hearing and bail was drasLicallyreduced -- in most cases from $5000 and$10,000 to $1000 or $500. From the pointof view of the imprisoned defendents,however, the bail reduction was too littleand came too late: they had already beenin jail for over a week and many werestill unable to raise the money to get out.

and a Negro mother, the youngster pointsto the white person as, the one he'd liketo resemble. We're trying to change this-- to help Negro boys and girls reachthe point where they can identify positivelywith people of their own race, to showthem reasons for being proud of theirheritage.' ,

The school began as a SNCC project, butwas shifted in mid-June to the sponsor­ship of the church. Reverend Davis, headof the city's agency for antipoverty funds,rejected the proposal for the schoolbecause it "sounded racist because it wasoutlined as exclusively for Negro childrento teach them Negro history. MAC couldn'tfund that any more than it could fundan exclusively white school to teach whitehistory." When the •'exclusive" clausewas modified, the plan was approved. ThenSorace made his charges and the reactionbegan.

Bishop Vander Horst told a press con­ference that the decision to forbid theschool to use St. Anselm's was reachedbecause"it is the judgment of the Bishopsof the Episcopal Diocese of Tennesseethat the curriculum at the school ap­parently deals with and teaches somethingquite contrary to our Christian heritageof reconciliation and love to the Lord. ThisLiberation School is not contributing to aconstructive and healthy relationshipamong the people of the Nashville com­munity."

Rev. Woodruff replied: "Our staff of12 Tennessee State and Fisk studentsincludes three SNCC members, four Epis­copalians, and five who are nei!her SNCCmembers nor Episcopalians," he went on."I work very closely with SNCC becausethese kids are doing what I think needs tobe done. Remember each SNCC chapter isautonomous, and makes and carries outits own plans. I don't agree with every­thing Stokely Carmichael says, and Idon't agree with Fred Brooks all the time,either. But I believe SNCC has the supportof almost 100% of the students at thesetwo universities."

Asked what will happen to the schoolif OEO funds are denied, Rev. Woodruffsaid, "We'll keep going somehow. We'lllower our sights and curtail where wehave to, but we'll go on. The kids on thestaff are willing to sleep on floors andeat only one meal a day. if need be."

Ware's arrest on August 22, under­lined the determination of the city todestroy pro-black organizations and pro­grams. He was held in lie\.; of $10,000bail. The courts refused to lower his bailand he was held in jail until a grand juryrefused to indict for lack of evidence.

on absurdly transparent pretenses -- aNegro officer told them it was becausethere were blacks and whites riding to­gether in the car. On the same nightthere were 30-40 people arrested inseveral incidents on the South Side, in­augurating the mass arrest phase of thepolice summer program. Individuals werearrested largely to break up groups orprevent them from forming -- not foranything they had done or were doing, butfor what they or others might do in thefuture.

At the urging of the city prosecutor,most of those arrested were held onblanket charges of Mob Action, DisorderlyConduct, Obstructing Police Officer andResisting Arrest, in spite of the total lackof evidence to support these charges. Whenthe arrested persons appeared before thejudge, he refused to hold a hearing to seeif there was probable cause for the arrestand ordered them held for trial two weeksaway; setting bonds as high as $50,000.

This pattern has been repeated severaltimes over during the summer. On AugustI, a crowd gathered following a shootingincident in the .alley behind Big Jim'sLiquor St'ore at 67th and Cottage Groveon the South Side. By 7 p.m. most of thecrowd had been dispersed by local groupsincluding gang workers, but the policestill arrested 54 persons during the even­ing, many hours later and blocks awayfrom the incident. Two boys working at agas station across the street from Bigjim's were ~rrested without leaving theirjobs. Their boss'was almost taken h whenhe attempted to intercede with the of­ficers. Another man was on his way homefrom the store with some milk for hischild, and another man was leaving ahouse where he had just sold some in-,surance. Several YMCA and KOCOworkers were arrested even after theyexplained that they were simply carryingout their duties and persuading people togo home.

Each of the fifty-four was charged withthe same four offenses, including MobAction and Resisting Arrest. When thecases finally came up for trial weeks

Revolution from bringing uhuru to theSouth. Our victory against their forcesmight not be easy and soon; but it is theduty of every revolutionary patriot tospare no sacrifice towards bringing theday of victory nearer.

We look to our brothers in independentAfrica and to progressives everywhere inthe world to intensify the anti-apartheid,anti-colonialist struggle in their respec­tive countries. We rely on the moral andmaterial support of all those progressiveforces who strive to eradicate the evilsYStem of colonialism, apartheid andrac­ial discrimination from the face of theearth.

We call upon all Southern Africansabroa,d' committed to the building of newsocieties on a non-racial basis in ourdifferent homelands to render maximumand selfless assistance to the armedstruggle waged in the South.

The school headquarters at St. Anselm'sdisplays hand-lettered placards reading"Black Power," a map of Africa, andphotos of Stokely Carmichael, H. RapBrown, and the late Malcolm X. Some 50Negro boys and girls, age 6 and 12, attendclasses three mornings a week; otherschool activities are crafts work andswimming.

No white children attend, Rev. Woodruffattributes this to the fact that no whitefamilies reside in the area.

He told one audience, "behavior studiesin ghettos indicate that, when you showa Negro youngster a picture of a whitechild and a Negro child, or a white mother

Obed Lopez being arrested at a welfaredemonstration. (Rioto: Nanci Gitlin)

By A. L. Lincoln

CHICAGO -- As 'ghetto rioting spreadacross the country this summer and un­rest built up in the Chicago slums, theChicago machine acted with repressiveforce ,and violence of its own. MayorDaley threatened to meet'the slightestdisturbance with full force and to havethe National Guard troops deployed withinthe hour. Instructions went out to thepolice force, the prosecutors and thejudges to deal harshly with "trouble­makers".

In the early summer the police ap­peared to concentrate their preventiveharrassment on individuals identified as"leaders". These individuals were fol­lowed, picked up and loaded with minorcharges. In particular, Obed Lopez of theLatin American Defense Organization(LAOO) and, Frank Ditto of the KenwoodOakland Community Organization (KOCO)were victims of this harrassment andended up spending-most of the summer incourt.

Organizers from the West Side Or­ganization, LAOO and SDS were stopped

LIBERATION SCHOOLThe Liberation School is headed by

Fred Brooks, former chairman of Nash­ville SNCC. St. Anselm's and its pastor,Rev. James E. Woodruff, are its sponsors.

oppressors whose mentality has been con­ditioned into expecting the oppressedAfri­cans to turn the other cheek under assaultby White-man-boss. The enemy has ad­mitted the ferocity of the encounters withthe Freedom Fighters; six - hour gullbattles in which our men killed fromforty (40) to sixty (60) Rhodesian andSouth African soldiers have been reportedover the radio. A ring of steel has beenthrown round the RhodeSian, South Africanand Botswana borders called the "wind- 'proof wall" to keep the freedom forcesat bay. But enemy casualties are growingon either side of his embattlements.

We call upon our people to stand firmand rally round their sons and daughterswho are doing battle in the forests tocrush our colonialist and White racistoppressors. The White racist regimeshave combined their military, police andintelligence services to stop the African

Committee that, while MAC and OEO At­lanta office had approved the project, no

'government funds had yet been disbursedto it, pending further investigation.

A week later John Vander Horst, Epis­copal Bishop of Tennessee evicted theschool from St. Anselm's. Ten days afterthat George Ware of SNCC was arrestedin Nashville and charged with sedition.

Clergymen, cops, and Congress tryingto place the blame for ghetto insurrec­tion on any shoulders but their own arefollowing a familiar pattern in Nashville.They are hunting for "agitators" andfinding them in SNCC and even the OEO.

Nashville police captain John A. Soracetold the Senate Judiciary Committee thata Liberation School at St. Anselm's Epis­copal Student Center in Nashville wasbeing used to teach black children "hatredof the white man". The school received$7,700 from the poverty program, he said.Next day the Rev. J. Paschall Davis,director of Nashville's MetropolitanAction Commission, testified before the

For the past three weeks our militantshave inflicted such heavy blows on theenemy that even the naked lies dis­seminated by Rhodesia and South Afri­can newspapers and radio broadcastingstations have sometimes been self-con­tradictory. Government 1e a fie t s weredropped over the forests in the Wankie/Dett area depicting two fake surrenders.The entire tone of the leaflet speaks ofthe despair and trepidation of the Whiteracist soldiers to face our men who strikefast and with devastating accuracy born ofa determination to meet rifle fire withrifle fire; to use force against force; andto return two blows for one, This hasparalyzed the 'false valour of the White

The following is a press re­lease from the Zimbabwe,African Peoples' Union (ZAP U) and the African Na­tional Congress of South~fr~ca (ANC SA), dated1jlgust 19, 1967. It is fol­lowed by ~cerpts from aneditorial in Spa tli gh t onS'outh Mrica, a, publication

'of the African National Con­gress.

Furious fighting has been and is stilltaking place in varioos l'ftrts 4 SouthernRhodesia.

From the thirteenth of this month, thearea of Wankie has been the scene of themost daring battles ever fought betweenFreedom Fighters and the White oppres­sors' army in Rhodesia. Only last nightthe Rhodesian regime admitted haVingbeen engaged in a six-hour battle yester­dav. In fact, the fighting in this area hasbeen going on continuously for a full sixdays.

Both the Rhodesian and the South Afri­can regimes have admitted that SouthAfrican Freedom Fighters belonging to theAfrican National Congress have been in­volved in these courageous battles, fight­ing their way to strike at the Boers them-

, selves in South Africa.We wish to declare herethatthefighting

that is presently going on in Wankie areais indeed being carried out by a combinedforce of ZAPU and ANC which marchedinto the country as comrades-in-arms ona common route, each bound to its desti­nation. It is the determination of thesecombined forcesto fight thecommon settlerenemy to the finish, at any point of en­counter as they make their way to theirrespective fighting zones.

In the fighting Front, the enemy hassuffered untold casualties and as the fight­ing continues, the Fighters are determinedto inflict more harm without surrender.After all, as comrades-in-arms, we arefacing a common enemy, fighting for acommon purpose, facing a common fate,

--- hence a combined force for a commononslaught against the enemy at every pointof encounter as we march down for theliberation of our respective countries.

SEPTEMBER 1967 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 9

RESISTANCE GROWS Con't. from Page 5

The middle of August saw the gatheringof most of the major anti-draft activistsat a conference called by the Boston andMadison groups. The conference was de­signed to bring activists together for thepurpose of exchanging information anddeveloping techniques and tactics for ex­panding the .draft resistance movement.But fruitful discussion never took placeand the conference floundered without apurpose arid direction.

What this means is that the anti-draftmovement has pushed itself out of thespontaneous "gut-level" organizing stageand is now uncertain about exactly what itshould now do.

There has apparently been no strategicthinking down on the local level about anti­draft programming. Although most of thedraft activists have a general radicalper­spective there has been no clear develop­ment in which people could fit counselling,induction center disruptions and other ac­tion into a revolutionary framework. Thishas been one of the basic problems of allof the present single issue "movements:'

Programatically, this has meant thateven in areas where draft work has begunwith very militant or radical activityit gets tied up in a very moderate coun­selling-servicing program in which thereis no difference between liberals andradicals. The dangers of co-optation be­come very great.

Even though the conference collapsed,a few positive results emerged.

It forced most of the participants tobegin to grapple, around their local work,with the problem of relating day-to-dayactivity with a long-term perspective.

The halting discussion of strategy thatdid occur has planted the seeds for theproduction of a broad, radical, multi­issued framework within which the draftbecomes the initial catalyst issue.

Next a discussion of this strategy anddiscription of models for local fall pro­gramming.

MADISON CONFERENCE

in a large urban area has been to dividethe city into sma 11 geographic areas(neighborhoods and draft board areas).After the initial core of 20-25 was de­veloped they began to send-off a few ofthe full-time organizers out to the neigh­borhoods to set up local cadres. Thesesmaller "cells" would initiate program­ming in their own area and be largelyautonomous, but would be in constanttouch with the other "cells" and wouldcarry out joint actions at the inductioncenter or where there were other citywide programs.

In a new move in the development oftheir draft program the SDS National Con­vention passed a resolution calling forpeople to aid servicemen to desert. Theresolution said, in part, • 'SDS encourageschapters and draft resistance unions to aidservicemen in disseminating informationabout conscientious objection and the w~__in Vietnam, as well as aid them in opposi-tion and disrUPtion _ within the ArmedForces. We urge aid to servicemen whowish to terminate their association withthe Armed Forces by going underground.Plans are now underway to implementthis resolution and information that can bemade public will be available shortly.

Copies of the SNCCNewsletter containing"The Palestine Problem"are available fromSNCC, 360 Nelson St. SW,Atlanta, Ga. 30313Copies are 20¢ each.--...;...---------------' '--advertisement

"There are only two paths open to the white workers: with the boss, or with theNegro workers; abandonment of all claim to share in the shaping of our destiny,or . repudiation of the white-skin privileges for which we, in our very infancy,pawned our revolutionary soul."

from WHITE BLINDSPOT, a contributio~

to the discussion of proletarian strategy,by J .H. Kagin

Osawatomie Pamphlet No.1 (25 pages) Order from Box 667, G.P.O., Brooklyn,N.Y. 11202. Price, 25 cents.

THE WHITE QQESTION

OAKLAND, CALIF. -- The Alliance forBlack Unity (ABU) has begun fund raisingfor the Cultural Center and bookstorewhich they hope to open soon in Oakland.They have set the goal of $14,845 whichwill allow them to rent, stock and operatethe Cultural Center for its first year.

ABU is a black peoples' membershiporganization. It stands for self defense,Black Power, knOWledge of black historyand pride in blackness. It opposes the warin Vietnam. Not a separatist organization,it believes in strengthening bonds betweenall exploited and oppressed people, anddesires to work for progress for all ofAmerica.

It is hoped that the Black Cultural Cen­ter and bookstore will help people gainknowledge of black history and blackheritage and will strengthen culturalidentity and black art forms. It is seenas a place where positive expression of therighteous anger of young black people canoccur. It will also provide an outlet forb I a c k-white communication. Be sid e sstocking black literature and history, thebookstore win carry information on theVietnam war, anti-draft activities, and theliberation struggles of oppressed peoplesthroughout this country and the world.

Anyone wishing to support the ABU funddrive is urged to send a contribution toABU Cultural Center, PO Box 182, Ber­keley, Calif.

PROSPERITYWhen Governor Paul

Johnson heard of thet est i m 0 n y telling ofstarving people in Mis­issippi he had this tosay: "No one in thisstate is starving todeath. Every Negro that1 know can buy a loafof bread. All of them thatI've seen lately are sofat they shine."---from the CDCMnewspaper

meetings, mailings and door - to - doordiscussions with guys on the I-A list, etc.These activities, in most cases, are con­nected with such provocative acts as draftcard burnings, induction refusals and dis­ruptions, and organizing people not toregister. The acts of confrontation haveoccurred both as local actions and arebeing used as a part of such nationalprograms as the End the Draft Week orthe October 16 draft card turning-in. Outof this work there has developed numbersof different and imaginative ways of in­volVing large numbers of people in mean­ingful anti-draft activity. We will discussthese programs in a future column.

ABU PLANSCULTURECENTER

CADREOne of the most active and effective of

draft unions has been CADRE (ChicagoArea Draft Resisters) whu have found thatthe most successful way of organizing

The newspaper is important.It reports the news that hap­pens while organizing South­ern whites in Chicago. You'llfind out what that means.It's important!

.Send the money toTHE FIRING LINE4533 N. Sheridan Rd.Chicago, Illinois 60640

have generally followed a similar pattern.A union is set up with, at its core,students, most of whom had been active incampus anti-draft work. The union, atbase, is designed to (a) activate people toresist the draft, particularlY,by startingwith their own. relatiollship to the draftand (b) act as a self protective agent fortheir members. They begin their activityby organizing demonstrations around theinduction center for the area and simul­taneously setting up one or more servicecenters. These provide a geographic basefor educational/organizing work and pro-·vide a matrix for plugging in draft coun­selors who supply advice on ways ofbeating the draft.

Then comes the development of a wholeseries of projectS designed to get theword out: leafleting at induction c~n­

ters, draft boards, on street corners,TV and radio interviews, speaking at

advertisement

If you send us $5 we'll sendyou the newspaper-and thisposter-and this JOIN button.(Separately the poster is $1,the button 50~)

-There's no good reason you!don't get THE FIRING LINEevery week.

/f)1a4£, '"1<ead

1aFIRINGLINE

tivity. The summer began with most of theanti-draft activists refocusing their pro­grams from campus to community work.There are now anti-draft programs in al­most every major northern City and anumber of cities in the south; such as,Portland, Seattle, the San Francisco Bayarea, Sacramento, Los Angeles, San Diego,Denver, Austin, Des Moines, Kansas City,Minneapolis, Chicago, Madison, Detroit,Cleveland, Cincinatti, New Orleans, At­lanta, Washington, Philadelphia, New YorkCity, Buffalo, New Haven and' Boston.People have been working in a wide va­riety of communities including white mid­dle and working class, Black, Puerto Ri­can, and Mexican; all of them have pro­vided counseling services, most have beeninvolved in demonstrations around induc­tion centers, and some have also been in­volved in a wide variety of other activities.

Exclusive of local variations activities

PAGE 10 THE MOVEMENT

WILL THEY DIE?SEPTEMBER 1967

CASTROCon'l. from P. 4

LIBERATION 15 COMINGFROM A BLACK THING

HQUSTON -- Five black students fromTexas Southern University, all membersof TSU Friends of SNCC, have beencharged with murder in Houston, Texas.The students are: John Parker, 20; Traz­well Franklin, Jr., 20; Charles Freeman,18; Floyd Nichols,. 25; Douglas WayneWaller, 21.

They have been charged with the murderof Patrolman Louis Kuba on May 17 andassault to murder in the shooting of twoother officers:

We reprint here from an article writtenby a witness, Rev. William Lawson, pub­lished in the Houston FORWARD TIMESon May 27, 1967: .

"A week after the explosion of violenceat Texas Southern University, many peoplewondered what happened. It has been calleda "riot" but most of the ingredientsof a riot are absent. There is no evidenceof looting. There were no noticeable at­tempts at repetition. There was not evenWidespread resistance to arrest eventhough brutality by police was painfullyobvious.

Yet for some reason the full concentra­tion of police power was sent to a collegecampus and ordered to attack its dor­mitories like an enemy village. One mandied, at least three were wounded bygunfire, scores of others were injured bythe police. One dormitory was so plun­dered as to render it unfit for residence.489 college students were arrested - thelargest mass arrest in the city, but thisincident does not have the earmarks of aWatts, why has it been so reported?

The chain of events which made uglyhistory on that night have never beenfully reported, because the victims and thewitnesses have not been quoted. That chainof events might cast blame on thecity'rather than on the students, and the citydoes not want to bear on its hands theguilt of the blood of young Louis Kuba..•

EARLY PRO.TESTSFrustrated citizens in Northeast

Houston and in Sunnyside had been pro­testing two completely separate conditionsall day Monday, May 15 and Tuesday,May 16. Negro students expelled fromNorthwood Junior High School for fight­ing with white students were not re-ad­mitted when the white students were;and a long protested garbage dump nearSunnyside had claimed the life of an 11year old boy. On Tuesday afternoon stu­dents from city high schools and collegesjoined the citizens in both protests, , ,

For Some reason Houston police focusedon the easily identified concentration ofNegroes at TSU, Students already ir­ritable, yelled jeers at a groWing build­up of squad cars, Heavy weapons .andpolice dogs were in evidence near Jep­pesen stadium. Some students threw awatermelon rind at a parked squad car,The air was tense as the two policeofficers emerged and the students duckedoff the street -- all except one whoclaimed that city police had no right to

...,;/ LOS ANGELES - A Western RegionalBlack Youth Conference will be held inLos Angeles, November 23 - 25, with thetheme of LIBERATION IS COMING FROMA BLACK TI-IING. This conference growsout of a proposal at the National BlackPower Conference held recently in Newark

~/ for a National Black Youth Conferenceto be held in Chicago on December 24.Regional conferences will preceed thenational one.

Purposes of the conference are: 1. Toestablish a national black communicationsystem; 2. To create awareness and pro­mote activity in the western states of.Nevada, Arizona, New Mexico, Utah,Washington, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana,and Oregon; 3. Establish operational unitywith inner city groups; and 4. Define andpresent new meaningful alternatives as tohow to cast off the oppression as im­posed on black and oppressed people.

To safeguard the conference from be­:oming just another talk session, each

intimidate him on state property. He wasDouglas Wayne Waller, a veteran of thewar in Vietnam, He was seized andarrested, and the students screamed theirrage as he was taken to jaiL

I was one of the arrested Sunnysideprotestors. At the request of the mayor,I was released at about 12:30 AM Wed­nesday and rushed to the campus at TSUwhere I was told a "riot" was bUildingup. I was asked to help prevent it.

TOO LATEBut when the squad car arrived, it was

obvious I was too late, The city police hadalready assembled a show of force byblocking the street with scores of squadcars, barricade style, and helmeted of­ficers with aimed guns were holding thedormitories in their sights,

I was led to Rev, F, D, Kirkpatrick,usually effective in commanding the al­liegence of the students, and Rev .. EarlAllen, a skilled professionalwho organizescommunities for the Economic Opportun­ities Organization, All three of us doubtedthat we could convince anyone who mightbe prepared to strike back at the policeto lay down any weapons he might have,

Rev Allen pleaded with Police ChiefHerman Short to remove the showofforc-efrom the streets and block off WheelerStreet from through traffic, Short wasreluctant, but agreed to a kind of. com­promise -- he would not .block off thestreet, but he would move the barricadeof squad cars, We then realized he wasonly pulling them back to the adjacentblock; the guns were still very much inview.

We looked desperately around for somestudents who might be leaders of the scaredand angry boys milling around the lawnsand driveways. and realiz.ed to our horrorthat no existing leadership could be iden­tified. Most of the student leaders werein jail off campus. We cornered a coupleof students and began to tell them thelie that Chief Short was removing theinvasion force. But they knew better,and somebody yelled, "Then we'll blockthe street ourselvesl" We turned des­perately to see big sheets of corrugatedmetal being thrown out into the streetsto obstruct cars, and behind us rolledtwo large tar barrels from the construc­tion materials. They had been soakedWith' kerosene, and somebody threw amatch at the metal cylinders. It burst intoflames ...

It was then that the' 'riot'· began. ChiefShort, without warning to anybody gavewhat must have been the most blunder­ing order of the evening.

He had not arranged to surround, thedormitories nor to demand evacuation ofall occupants (a step invariably takenwhen an unknown number of armed andunarmed people are inside a building).He had not arranged to use tear gas orother non-lethal means of control taking.

But he gave the command to chargethe dormitories, and to shoot as they

individual and group. which attends is re­qUired to present a position paper whichoutlines the group's history and ways inwhich the group could work with otherblack youth organizations. TI.ese paperswill also include criticisms; suggestionsand alternatives for the workshops at theconference.

Workshops topics include the draft,political responsibility of blackpoliticians, black ~ultural revolution,black economics, role of black women,and many others.

Donations and people are needed tohelp promote the conference. Send dona­tions and requests for information to:Western Black Youth Conferencec/o Jahid711-1/2 W. 49th St., Los Angeles, Calif.90037. 231-0339or:National Black Youth Conferencec/o James Librud627 E. 9th St., New York, N.Y. 10009

BERSERK COPSI watched the pathetic confusion that

followed. Over 600 policemen ran down theempty street on the defenseless parkinglot side under the street lights. Andthey loosed a saivo of shots that soundedlike a hundred machine guns as over5,000 rounds of ammunition were pouredforth. They were in each other's way.Young rookies who had never seen realdanger fired wildly. One policeman shotanother. One went berserk and was takenaway in shock. They had been sent intoan unshielded opening, and they leapedbehind trees, piles of dirt, telephonepoles '-- anything. They shot throughwindows in spite of instructions to shoothigh, and kept shooting when studentsinside begged to be allowed to bring outwounded Morris English, shot through awall while he lay on his belly.

KUBA KILLEDYoung Louis Kuba was one who managed

to rush over into the safety of a concretepit in front of the unoccupied StudentUnion. This was the haven where news­men found cover. But in the disorganizedvolleys of fire from behind them, eventhe pit was not safe. The young officer,huddled against the empty building, fellback into the arms of a newsman, fatallywounded -- and no one knows whose bulletfrom the countless hail oishots hit him.The FBI has been to the spot still soakedwith his spurting blood, and they know itdid not come from a dormitory. Thereare no rooms or windows on the eastend of the dormitoryl·

Shortly after 2 AM the main volleysstopped. The police dashed into the dor­mitory with fire-axes and drawn guns.

The housemother had been forced to hitthe floor with all the boys when officers,guns and dogs charged into the building.The police trampled over her body (sheis still in the hospital at this wr.iting)and rather than use her passkey, brokeopen doors with .axes, ripped doWlT ceil­ing tiles, broke mirrors and brutallyattacked students with clubs and dogs.

POLICE LOOTINGThey said they were looking for weapons,

but students' statements of loss listedrecord players, band instruments, even a'little walkie-talkie in the apartment ofthe housemother was snatched from itsstyrofoam box and smashed.

The brutalization of students -- I wasbrutalized too, until somebody said,"That's Reverend Lawson." (You don'tbrutalize blacks you recognize) -- wasthe order of the night. One young manhad his hand broken; a foreign studentwho could not understand orders barkedat him was severely beaten and hos­pitalized; many were taken to jail half­naked and beaten, pushed and shoved.

COVER UPIt became vital for the Chief of Police

to prove that the decision was wise andwas approved even by Negroes. And theMayor has had to use the mass mediato deny what many statements and photo­graphs and the reports of the FBI willshow: that the massive attack on TSUwas a panic action forced by clumsyleadership. And that the building up ofthat force was originally designed to teacha lesson to Negroes in Houston; that thecity is strong enough and determinedenough to crush any uprising.

The tragic twist which took a man'slife was unexpected. Chief Short's bunglingtroops were very funny in the emptystreet with their trembling hands andtheir extra ammUnition. But nobody laughs-- nobody laughs at all.

Much will be determined by the courts-- but the final price was paid by thestudents, whose chief crime was thatthey had not dropped out of school beforethe police attacked Texas Southern Uni­versity.

Rev. William LawsonFORWARD TIMES

May 17, 1967

is drawn up. But it' is also false thatthe movement has no program, What ishappening is that the Negro sector of thepopulation of the United States at thismoment, overwhelmed by daily repres­sion, has concentrated its energies ondefending itself, on resisting, on strug­gle.

But it will not be long before they willdiscover something that is inevitable ac­cording to the law of society, the law ofhistory. And that is that the revolution- .ary movement in'the United States willarise from this Negro sector, I;>ecauseit is the most exploited and repressedsector, the most brutally treated in theUnited States; the revolutionary van­guard within the United States will arisefrom the most mistreated, the most ex­ploited and oppressed of the Negro sec­tors.

The revolutionary movementwithin U.S,society will arise from this sector bythe law of history - not for racial rea­sons', but for social reasons, reasons ofexploitation and oppression, because thissector is the most long suffering andoppressed - as has been the case inall epochs of history; as occurred withthe Roman plebians, the glebe serfs ofthe Middle Ages and the workers andpeasants of modern times.

This is a social truth, a historic truth.Have patience, and from that oppressedsector the revolutionary movement willarise - vanguard of a struggle - thatwill one day liberate all of U.S. societyI

UNITYThat is why we must reject ~ as in­

jurious and slanderous - the attempt topresent the Negro movement in the UnitedStates as a problem of racism. We hopethey will give up the illusion that anyonehas deceived anyone. The drawing to­gether of the revolutionaries of the UnitedStates and those of Latin America is themost natural thing in the world, and themost spontaneous. And our people havebeen very receptive to and very capableof admiring Stokely for the courageousstatements he has made in the oLAS Con­ference, because we know that this re­quires valor, because we know what itmeans to make such statements within asociety that applies the most cruel andbrutal procedures of repression, thatconstantly practices the worst crimesagainst the Negro sector of its population;and we know how much hatred his state­ments will arouse among the oppressors.

And for this reason, we believe thatthe revolutionary movements all overthe world must give Stokely their utmostsupport as protection against the repres­sion of the imperialists, so that it willbe very clear that any crime committedagainst the leader will have serious reper­cussions throughout the world. And oursolidarity can help to protect Stokely'slife.

U.S. REVOLUTIONARIESAnd this is why - because all these

inevitable events within the process aredeveloping - revolutionaries are gettingtogether, internationalism is being prac­ticed. We believe that the attitude of thisU.S. revolutionary leader offers a greatlesson, a great example of militant inter­nationalism, something very character­istic of revolutionaries. We undoubtedlysympathize much more with this type ofrevolutionary than with the super-theore­ticians who are revolutionary in word butbourgeois in deed.

This internationalism cannot be mere­ly proclaimed: it must be practicedl Andthe Negroes of the United States areoffering resistance, they are offeringarmed resistance. They didn't go aroundpropounding theses, or talking about ob­jective conditions before they seized wea­pons to defend their rights. They didnot seek a philosophy -and, much less,a revolutionary philosophy - to justifyinaction.

And we believe that if there is anycountry where the struggle is hard, wherethe struggle is difficult, that country isthe United States. Aud here we have U.S.revolutionaries setting an example andgiving us lessonsl

SEPTEMBER 1967 THE MOVEMENT PAGE 11

LIFE IS HELL IN THE NA~1 Con't from Page 1and if somebody gets too loud whenthey're drunk the shore patrol haulsthem 'back to the ship and secures'

.their liberty.q, How did people on the CORAL SEA

feel about the truces, say the lastone on New Year's Day?

A. Oh, it was great! New Year's Evewe started and the end of New Year'sday we quit. They never once stoppedthe bombing. They loaded planes andtook off all day.

449 14th STREETSAN FRANCISCO, CALIF. 94103

DESERTIONQ. What do you think, now having to

leave for another tour in a day?A. I've thought about going over the

hill, and I've thought about 16,000different ways I could getout. But the only thing they'd do wouldbe to put me in the brig on a ship,and there is no way of telling whatit would be like. When you're in thebrig, they just get away with any­thing. They could put you down thereand forget about you, and nobodywill ever know that they did it. Theycan beat you up and keep you awakefor six or seven days at a time,just screaming in your ear. By thattime what kind of a guy are you, any­way. You're a jellyfish; you can'tthink. I was in the brig once, andI could never take it again. So thatwouldn't be a real alternative forme. They've got everybody in theNavy afraid of what they'll do thatnobody really would start anything.If somebody could start it, like ifthey could organize it, it would beall over with. The Navy wouldn'tknow what happened. There'd be no­body left to run their stupid, fuck­ing ships.

Last cruise there were four or fiveattempts of guys trying to get out ofthe brig. One guy I knew personally,they really fucked him over. Theyput him in the brig on a trumped­up charge. He appealed it, and gotsome officers pissed at him. Sothey just kept him down there andkept fucking him over, Finally hetried to cut his wrists. When thatfailed, and they were marching himfrom one place to another, he trieeto jump overboard.

Q. How long has the CORAL SEA beepin port?

A•. Since February 23. We went downto San Diego for two or three weeks,and have gone out for ten days at atime a couple times.

Q. How many guys have gone' over thehill during that time?

A. They make out a list of the guyswho are UA (UnauthorizEd Absence)and the guys who are deserters. Thatlist is single-spaced, and two pageslong. There are at least 100 guys onthere. (There are 4000 men on theship. -ED.)

Q. These are guys who haven't beencaught?

A. None of them have been caught.Q. About how many guys have been

brought back or have turned them­selves in?

A. Not very many. In the Navy the ruleis that if you go over the hill youare UA until you go over the thirty­day limit. Then you're-a deserter.Once that happens they can hang yourass no matter what. Usually guyswill go over for 29 days and then say,"Well, you can have me back for awhile." They get 30 days in the brig,lose their hair, go through hell, thengo out and do it again.

Q. What are you going to do when youget back on ship? What organizing doyou think you can do?

A. I'm going to try to talk to guys, butI'm not too, much on the organizingthing. I'd JUSt like to get the Navy introuble. Maybe get a little light shedon some of the shit they're puttingout. I'm just glad to fuck over UncleSam. He just shit on my life, and nowit's my turn.

MAIL TO THE MOVEMENT

LIVING CONDITIONSQ. How are the actual living conditions?A. Well, we're stacked four high in

rows of bunks. Uving that closetogether, there's a lot of diseasesgoing around. They've got it so youwon't dare go down to sick bay,You'll have to die before they letyou in the front door. If you have astomach ache and go down there,they'll say, "Well, you're just try­ing to get out of work." So they'llput you on medical restriction whichmeans no liberty - and you'll stillwork. The dental department's reallygood. Instead of fixing your teeththey just pull them out. It's quickerto pull them, I guess. They don't fill'them well. After a few weeks thefilling falls out so you go back downagain and they say, "It wouldn'tstay:' So they pull your teeth.

When they had that fire on theORISKANY that killed 34, they wentgung-ho on the idea of fire pre­cautions, and they pulled a drillon the men of the CORAL SEA.They set up the' same conditions.They shut off all the lights and hadobservers standing around sayingwhere there were fires. Instead of34 guys being killed, there were83, and 250 injured. Half the shipwas burnt and it nearly sunk.

Q. What happens during a real fire?A.. I don't know if any of you have

ever been on an aircraft carrierwith solid steel around when thelights have gone out, when there'sno hatch to the outside. It's dark:you can't see anything. They havelittle lanterns that are supposed togo on automatically when the lightsgo out. But for some reason noneof them have been fixed in the lasteight or ten years, and only one outof six or seven works. If you're notin the right place, it's all over.

Last year there was quite a problemwith men hurting their feet, They'ddrop bombs or heavy gear on them.The men wanted safety shoes butthe Navy didn't want to shell out themoney for it. So after several hun­dred people lost toes, they finallygave in, Everyone still doesn't havethem yet.

TURNING ONQ. At Lemoore Naval Air Base in Cali­

fornia there have been a lot of guysturning on. Has this happened on theCORAL SEA?

A. Let's put it this way: If everybodyon the CORAL SEA did it all at onceand decided that they wanted to leave,the ship wouldn't go anywhere be­cause there would only be half thecrew on it.

Q. You'd say about half of the guysturn on?

.A. Yes. The Navy has been trying tomake them drink, but their attempthasn't been too successful. The lasttwo months that the ship has beenin Alameda I will guarantee that therehas been a terrific increase in thenumber of guys who have started touse grass. Now it's moving in toLSD and in some cases, STP. Theguys are actually happy for once.They've finally found a way to for­get about the, fact that they arestuck in the Navy and that they can'tget out of it.

ADDRESS

~~.....~~~~~~~~~3_C~I_T~Y;~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~!S_T~_A~T~E~~~~~~~~~;}_Z~I_P~_=_~=_=_= ....)SEND- ONE TO A fRIENDI

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me how bad it was, but I figured itcouldn't be iliAT bad, so I enlisted.My shore duty and school floated toVietnam the minute I got out ofBoot Camp.

SAFETYQ. How are safety conditions on board?

What safety precautions are taken forthe men?

A, They take care of that real welL Youshould look up whether or not thepapers ever had anything about thisaccident that happened on the CoralSea two or three weeks ago. Ihear, this was some petty officer'smistake. He put this kid up therewho didn't even know what he wasdoing. He didn't look where he wasgoing and backed into a propeller.He lost both his arms and half hisback. He lived for about a day~ Lastcruise one guy lost a leg when aplane ran over it. Two guys oncegot blown off the flight deck. Theywere near an elevator where a planewas turning up. Often they try torefuel ships or bring ammunitionaboard when it's really hazardousto do so. They lost three guys duringone operation like that and only foundone of them. Guys have also fallendown hatches. At least once a dayyou'll see somebody hobbling aroundthe hangar bay with a broken legor something like that.

I wish rhey'd bring some inspec­tors on board from a civilian groupinstead of the Navy guys who over~

look hazards. The ship could fallapart tomorrow but they'd never sayanything about it. They're using Oxy­gen Breathing Appratus units thathave been out of date since WorldWar II. We had 115 fires during thelast cruise. A fire is the most haz­ardous thing that can happen on a shipbecause they carry so much fueland so many bombs.Then there's the 'fog foam we use

for electrical fires. When it sitsaround, the ingredients settle to thebottom, so it has to be replacedevery six years. We have some onthe ship from 1942 and 1946. We wentaround last cruise and marked everyone of them with the date they shouldhave been replaced. The markingsare still there, and they're stillsitting in the same place. This wasabout six months ago. We're hopingthat one of these days the Navy willdecide to make it safer for us.

NAME

NAVY CONDITIONSQ. How are conditions on ship?A. You usually work 14 or 16 hours a

day. They have it worked out. Theyfigure if you work so damn hard allday, you just go to sleep; you'renot going to bitch about anything ­and you get up in the morning andgo back to work. And then they throwin these ridiculous watches so you losea little more sleep. By that time youjust say, "Fuck it." When you comeaboard the ship, you get this "dreamsheet," where you can say whetheryou want to be a plane-puf:her, store­keeper, or barber. And then theyput you where they want. Uke theyjust brought on 500 new guys. Theywere quite short in G Division, whichis ·bomb-handling. It didn't make anydifference what people put down; theywound up pushing bombs.

• •ABOUTTHEWAR.Q.

HOW TO ORGANIZE?Q. What do you think would be the best

thing to organize around?A. Bringing the guys home would do itl

A lot of them, they have been overthere all this time, and they have kindof lost contact with what's been hap­pening over here, like with the warmovement and everything. All theyreally want is just to come home. Ukeme, I could probably hack the Navy forthe rest of my enlistment if I wasstaying over here and if I was ableto get off at night and see what therest of the world has to offer, insteadof getting stuck in Vietnam doingtheir dirty work for them. Three ­quarters of the guys don't want to goback to Vietnam. That's why so ma'nyguys go over the hill. If somebodycould organize them we could reallydo something.

Q. You enlisted in the Navy. What sort, of things were you promised? Were

those promises lived up to?A. I think I have the perfect story for

that. Probably everybody I've talkedto or asked about got fucked in thesame way. You go to these recruit­ers - they place them around very

neatly - and they tell you how greatthe Navy schools are. Well they dohave good schools, but what the re­cruiters don't tell you is that it'sharder than hell to· get into them.And once the Navy puts 'you some­where, you can't do anything aboutit. You could put in a request to besent to school, but they. just fileit away and forget about you. That'sall. I've got a high school education,and couldn't afford college. Before Iwent in, I talked to this recruiterwho told me that I could get shoreduty and go to school. I had talkedto some guys in the Navy who had told

How do you feel about the war, now,having been over there?

A. Well, I'm tired of risking my fuck­ing life for Johnson's bullshit. Whenyou're over there, it seems likeyou're playing some stupid fuckinggame • . • I don't see why they keepit up, they should just get the hellout. They've wasted all this time,money, and lives for nothing. I don'twant to go back.

Q. What made you change your feelingsabout the war?

A. Well, having been-t-over there, andhaving had to put up with all thebullshit the Navy puts out.

Q. Is there much opposition to the waramong the crew members?

A. Oh yes, quite a lot. Actually most.of the crew isn't too morally con­cerned, they just want out becausethey're tired of risking their livesfor some bullshit. All they want to dois come back. If Johnson suddenlycame up to that ship and said, "Well,if you don't want to go, just walk off,3/4 of the crew would leave and thatship wouldn't go anywhere. I eventhink the pilots would do it too. Notall of them are gung-ho about fight­ing for their country.

Q. How do some of the olcer men, par­ticularly the chiefs and officers feelabout the war?

J>.. The lifers, which is the perfect termused for them in the Navy, they goin for so long that they are afraidto go on the outside. They'll put upwith anything just to have a littlesecurity.

SEPTEMBER 1967

THE OAKLANDINDUCTIONCENTER WILLBE CLOSED

BY OUR DECREE

THERE WILLBE ADRAFTHOLIDAY

Official endorsers of STO P THE DRAFTWeek to date are:

THE MOVEMENT

OAKLAND -- Plans for a four-day seige of theOakland Induction Center, October 16 - 21were announced today by spokesmen forNational STOP THE DRAFT Week Com­mittee. Compulsory conscription was labeledto a criminal conspiracy against Americanyouth that must be stopped." ,

"We have picketed, protested, leaflettedand argued against the draft and -the racistwar in Vietnam," said Terence Cannon,member of the STOP THE DRAFT SteeringCommittee. "There is only one way to keepyoung men from being shanghaied into thearmed forces and that is to stop the draftfrom operating. We declare that we areopposed to the government's policy and willdo everything we can to bring it to a halt.

"In every brig and stockade in Americaare hundreds of Gl's jailed for refusing toserve in Vietnam. There is tremendous dis­sent within the armed forces. Individualsare powerless inside a totalitarian army.We plan to create a base of power that willkeep the government from forcing moreyoung men in against their will."

Steering Committee member Morgan Spec­tor stated, "This week marks a declarationof war by us, the draft age men, on theArmy: on the brass, on the generals andall the other old men in the governmentand the Pentagon who are happy to shed theblood of young Americans in military op­pression against foreign countries and theurban centers of America.

"Our participation in this week meanswe are no longer willing to accept the feelingthat we are impotent over our own lives either ­until we have been shot up in Vietnam orare too old for the Army to want us."

Reverend Don Ganoung, speaking in sup­port of the week's activities said, "AChristian now faced with the draft has twoalternatives. Be drafted and be a potentialexecutioner for Murder Incorporated, USA,or be imprisoned. Man cannot, nor a nationcannot, maintain sanity when these are theonly consequences of a decision. Stop thewar. Stop the draft." Ganoung, an episcopalpriest, is the Oakland staff worker for theRight Reverend -C. K. Myers, Bishop of theEpiscopal Diocese of California.

Another supporter of the action, ProfessorFranz Schurmann, Asian Studie,s expert at theUniversity of California, said, "The UnitedStates is destroying a small people for rea­sons that have nothing to do with nationaldefense. It threatens to expand that war tosatisfy the Pentagon's hunger for worlddomination.

"Since no other country is willing to pro­vide the cannon fodder for the Pentagon'sappetite, it must be the young men of Ameri­ca. Since the draft has become the instru­ment to provide cannon fodder for an im­moral and unjust war, the draft itself isimmoral and unjust. The draft and ulti­mately all of America's instruments of ag­gression must be done away with. 'Other­wise America will go the way of NaziGermany.".. The committee also announced that theywill begin an extensive campaign in highschools and colleges in the Bay Area, usinga mobile theater group and speakers to bringtheir anti-draft message to young people."It is the young people who are under thegun, and it is the young people who will stopthe draft," a spokesman said.

"tLL,PAGE 12

•

STOP THE DRAFT WEEK COMMITTEE449 14TH ST.SAN FRANCISCO626·4577

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee(SNCC), Students for a Democratic Society(SDS), National Mobilization - Draft Re­sistance Project, THE MOVEMENT (SNCC­affiliated newspaper), THE SPOKESMAN(Hunters Point community newspaper), Oak­land Peace and Freedom Center, OaklandDirect Action Committee, Alliance for BlackUnity., Berkeley Anti-Draft Union, S.F. DraftResistance Union, The Resistance, June 23rdMovement, Marin County Vietnam Summer,Portland Draft Resistance Union, SeattleDraft Resistance Union, UnitedStudenr Move­ment (high school).

FOR INFORMATION ON STOP THE DRAFTACTIVITIES IN OTHER CITIES, CONTACT:PORTLAND: Bill Vandercook, 233-1264SEATILE: Fred Lonidier, PO Box 713BOSTON: Paul Schacter, Chuck Isenberg, 5Cadbury Road, Cambridge, 492-6700NEW YORK CITY: Nick Salvatore~ 280 9thAve, Maris Cakars, 857 Bway, 675-4605MADISON: Draft Resistance Union, 107 StateStreetLOS ANGELES: Mike Klonsky, 663-9628

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