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The Cold War:
How Can a War be Cold and yet have Hotspots?
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What are the objects in this political cartoon?
What do you believe “retaliate” means?
What are these gigantic objects?
Where do you think these soldiers are from?
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After World War II, the Cold War began and caused tension throughout the
world.
• The USA and the USSR were the two world “Superpowers.”
• The USA was a capitalist society with a democracy.
• The USSR was a communist country with a dictatorship.
• Both wanted to be the most powerful nation in the world.
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Nuclear Tensions• The USA had exploded the A-bombs
on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World War II.
• The USSR was also developing atomic weapons/bombs. Developed own bomb in 1949
• The USA and the USSR were in competition with each other to have the best, most powerful weapons in the world – this was called an Arms Race.
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After World War II, the world changed!
• Many countries became communistic:
- Czechoslovakia (1948)- Poland (1947)- Hungary (1947)- China (1949)- Cuba (1959)- North Korea (1945)
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Countries become Communist…• Korea becomes divided into two nations
• South Korea: democratic
• North Korea: communist, Mao Zedong becomes a dictator
• China becomes communistic: The People’s Republic of China in 1949
• 1954 Vietnam becomes divided
• North Vietnam becomes communist
• South Vietnam becomes democratic6
The Domino Effect• The USSR had a lot of power over the
new communist countries (especially those in Europe).
• The USA was worried the U.S.S.R. or Soviet Union was becoming more powerful.
• The USA did not want communism to spread any further – they were worried about the domino effect (one country becomes communist, then another, then another etc)
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This caused the world to become divided.
• At the end of World War II both countries wanted their government system and beliefs to spread
• The United States wanted people to vote and for democracy to spread
• The Soviet Union or U.S.S.R. wanted communism to spread.
• This tension/conflict between the two countries was noticeable.
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What were the goals of theses two countries?
United States• Containment: Do not let
communism spread• Assist countries to be
democratic• Wanted open trade policy
U.S.S.R.
• Spread communism around the world
• Control all communist countries around the world
• Control trade of communist countries
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How were these two government economic systems set up?
Free Enterprise/Capitalism• People are free to own or
work for a business of their choosing
• Consumers and business owners control the economy
• Also named capitalism• This is the economic system
of the United States• Democratic: vote for
leaders
Communism• The government owns all the
stores, factories, banks, utilities, transportation systems..etc
• The government has complete control
• This is the economic system of the U.S.S.R. or Soviet Union
• Run by a dictator, Joseph Stalin
People did not vote10
Cold War?• The tension and rivalry between the
USA and the USSR was described as the “Cold War” (1945-1990).
• There was never a real war between the two sides between 1945 and 1990, but they were often very close to war (Hotspots).
• Both sides got involved in other conflicts in the world to spread communism or stop communism.
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What are the objects in this political cartoon?
What do you believe “retaliate” means?
What are these gigantic objects?
Where do you think these soldiers are from?
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Lightning Round….
• What is a “superpower?
• What type of government system does the United States have?
• What type of government system does the Soviet Union have?
• Describe why the allies began to have tensions between them.
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Another Cold War Crisis..Germany
• East – West rivalry
• Berlin divided – Let’s compare /contrast the two halves.
WEST:
• Wealthier, helped by US, jobs
• Attracted people from the East.
EAST:
• Much less money, jobs
• Under Communist control
• Saw West Berlin as an “infection”/ “problem” 14
More Tension…The U.S.S.R-
East
• wanted a demilitarized Germany
• demands reparations for past invasions.
• a rebuilt Germany
would be a problem
The U.S.A. –West
• The West believed the rebuilding of Germany was needed; join Germany into one country
• refused to pay reparations from West Germany to the Soviets.
• rebuild Western Germany
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How did the United States respond to the U.S.S.R?
• President Truman promised to help any country that the U.S.S.R. wanted to turn into communist
• This policy was called the Truman Doctrine or policy of containment
• Soviet Union began putting restrictions on traffic to Berlin from Western Zones (March 30, 1948)
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• US personnel traveling through the Soviet had to present evidence of identity
• Shipments from Berlin to Western zones had to be cleared through Soviet check points
• All baggage had to be inspected at Soviet check points
• The US protested, but the Soviets did not listen• Spring of 1948, more restrictions were put into
place• Soviets explained them as “technical difficulties”
such as repairs to railways..etc
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What other factors led to difficulty between these two countries?
• NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) Democratic countries of Europe and the United States formed to support democracy; also called the Western Bloc
• Warsaw Pact: The countries under Russian control at the end of the war agree to Russian control; also called the “Iron Curtain”
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Why was Joseph McCarthy important?
• Meanwhile back in the United States Americans became more afraid because of the tension between the United States and the Soviet Union.
• This was evident when a man named Joseph McCarthy came to power in the United States as a senator.
• He claimed that communists were everywhere in the United States and that they were trying to change the American way of life. He said that Americans needed to watch out for communist spies. This time in our history was known as the Red Scare or McCarthyism
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• Rose to power in 1950 when he said he had a list of "members of the Communist Party and members of a spy ring" employed in the state department .”
• Never able to prove his list
• said, “The State Department is infested with communists. I have here in my hand a list of 205—a list of names that were made known to the Senator as being members of the Communist Party and who nevertheless are still working and shaping policy in the State Department.“
• Became known as McCarthyism: lasting roughly from 1950 to 1956; Time when fear of communist and their influence on American as well as fear of espionage by Soviet agents
Sen. Joseph McCarthy
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-April 1949-"You read books, eh?"
• Hundreds of elementary and high school teachers lost their jobs
• Some individuals compiled and circulated their own blacklists.
• The motives of some self-serving or vindictive accusers were summed up by Herb Block in a phrase: "If you can't crush the commies, you can nail a neighbor." 22
The Korean War 1950-1953
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What happens in Korea?
• June 1950: North Korea invades South Korea
• The U.S. and other countries sent troops through United Nations to stop the invasion.
• Troops were commanded by Douglas MacArthur
• Violent war; 36,500 American soldiers died
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How does this end?
• 1953 a truce is signed
• Both side agree to stop fighting
• An imaginary line is drawn separating the fighting called the 38th parallel
• Today this is still an armed area with soldiers from both sides armed and prepared to fight
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The Berlin Wall 1961
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THE BERLIN WALL
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Why did the U.S.S.R. build the Berlin Wall?
• The city of Berlin is still divided!
• East Berlin: Soviet control
• West Berlin: Allies control
• Thousands of people fleeing from Eastern Germany and Berlin to West Berlin and West Germany
• In August 1961; the Soviets built the wallhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A9mWgqYBZos
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People Escaping from East Germany or East Berlin to West
1949-129,245
1951- 165,648
1953- 331,390
1955- 252,870
1957- 261,622
1959- 143,917
1961- 207,026
1962- 21,356
1963- 42,632
1964- 41,876
Things are really tense!
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Day 4: Standards/Objectives
• SS5H8 The student will describe the importance of key people, events, and developments between 1950-1975.
• a. Discuss the importance of the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War.
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Lightning Round….
• What caused the Korean War?
• Describe why the allies began to have tensions between them that led to the Berlin Airlift.ow the United States became involved in the Korean War.
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The Vietnam War c.1959-1975
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• North Vietnam: Communist
• Southern Vietnam: Democratic
• North supported by: China, the Soviet Union
• South primarily the United States, United
Nations
• lasted for twenty years, something the US never expected when it joined in the fight.
• US lost the war
• the US lost prestige in the eyes of the world 34
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Significance of the War
• Over $200 billion spent
• 60,000 U.S. dead
• 3 million dead in Indo-China
• Destroyed Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
• Ruined U.S. credibility
• Ruined trust of U.S. public
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The Americans Leave…• For Americans, the lasting image of the
end of the Vietnam War came from the nightly news. On April 29, 1975, television showed the evacuation of Saigon as U.S. Marine helicopters swooped down to the U.S. Embassy and the roof of a nearby CIA safe house to rescue the last 1,000 Americans in the city and some 6,000 Vietnamese and their families who worked for them. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3AiyFF9qOls
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Day 5: Standards/Objectives
• SS5H8 The student will describe the importance of key people, events, and developments between 1950-1975.
• a. Discuss the importance of the Cuban Missile Crisis and the Vietnam War.
• Identify Joseph McCarthy and Nikita Khrushchev.
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Lightning Round….
• What caused the Vietnam War?
• Describe how the United States became involved in the Vietnam War.
• Who won the Vietnam War?
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The Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
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Tensions continue…• Nikita Khrushchev , leader of the Soviet
Union, September 7,1953-October 14,1964
• Leader of Cuba: Fidel Castro, Communist dictator
• John F. Kennedy, president of the United States
• The Cuban Missile Crisis began when the United States discovered that the USSR was trying to put Nuclear Missiles in Cuba. 46
What happened during the October Crisis?
• 24 October, 10:32 am, Soviet ships stop and turn round
• 25 October, aerial photos show continued construction of missile sites
• 26 October, Kennedy receives another letter offering to negotiate over missiles in Cuba with removal of blockade and US invasion threat
• 27 October, Kennedy receives second letter calling for withdrawal of US missiles in Turkey too
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What was the outcome of the crisis?
• Cuba remained communist and is still heavily armed (without nuclear missiles)
• Permanent hotline between White House & Kremlin set up (Soviet government)
• Supported theory of containment & co-existence because alternatives unimaginable
• Realized the result was nuclear war
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The Cold War Ends
SS5H9 The student will trace important developments in America since 1975.
a. Describe U. S. involvement in world events; include efforts to bring peace to the Middle East, the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Persian Gulf War, and the War on Terrorism in response to September 11, 2001.
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The End of the Cold War
• President Mikhail Gorbachev, leader, Soviet Union in 1985, reformer
• Revolution in Poland and the fall of the Berlin Wall signals the end of the Cold War.
• Changes Soviet Union, Renamed Russia
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkTO8ZDcOeg
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Citations
• www.kgv.edu.hk/...Cold_War/ , (slides 1-11)
• www.worldofteaching.com/powerpoints/history/coldwar.ppt , (slides 1-3)
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