The Coalition Peering Domain

A New Entity in the Routing Landscape

Manish Lad, Saleem Bhatti, Peter Kirstein, Steve Hailes

Dept. Computer Science, UCL

7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 2

Overview

• Data Rate Disparity:– Local-Area– Wide-Area

• Opportunity:– Community-Area Network Provision– Better-Utilise Connectivity

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Community-Area Network Provision

• Community Networks starting to form

• Municipal Wireless Networks

• Commercial Hotspots

• Neighbourhood Networking Initiatives

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Ad Hoc Neighbourhood Peering

Ad Hoc Peering Agreement

Wide-Area Capable Peer

Local-Area Only Peer

Wide-Area Connectivity

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This is Highly Disruptive

• Ad Hoc Peering

• NATing and Tunnelling

• Static

• Connection Sharing

• Lack of Load Balancing

• “Experts only”

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Our Solution:

• Add Structure to the Ad Hoc Peering

• Encourage Collaboration Among Peers

• Maintain Local Control and Dynamism

• Coalition-Based Architecture– Collaboration Between Individuals– For Joint Action or Mutual Benefit

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Connectivity Aggregation

• High Potential Wide-Area Data Rate– Many Coalition Members – Many Coalition Egress Links

• Spray Egress Traffic Across All Wide-Area Links– Using Higher Data Rate Local-Area Links– Aggregate Wide-Area Connectivity

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Coalition Peering Domain (CPD) Architecture

Local Peering Agreement

Coalition-Edge Forwarder (CEF) Coalition-Internal Forwarder (CIF)

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CPD-Edge Egress Aggregation

P1

P3

P2, P4, P5

P5P4

P5

P2

P3

P4

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Benefit for Internal Members

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Spraying Across CPD Edge

P1

P3

P2, P4, P5

P5P4

P5

P2

P3

P4

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Can We Use Existing Methods?

• Single Administrative Domain?– NO

• BGP– Requires Expertise– Heavy-Weight– Back Pressure on Core Network

• Ad Hoc Routing– Single-Path Source-To-Destination– Single Administrative Domain

7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 13

Challenges

• Still Disruptive• Routing

– Multiple Source-To-Destination Paths– Implications for Higher Layer Protocols

• Addressing– Centralised Function – Distributed System

• Trust– Onward Forwarding– Policy

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Applications Beyond Neighbourhoods

• Highly Survivable Networks– Robustness Through Multi-Homing

• Sensor Networks– Requiring Multiple Distributed Edge Nodes

• Emergency and Disaster Scenarios– Relief Team — Non-Technical Users

• Heterogeneous Wide-Area Connectivity• Delay-Tolerant Applications

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Future Possibilities

• Inter-CPD Communication– Routing

• Emerging Opportunities– Localised Service Provision

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Summary

• Local-Area Peering is Happening

• Missing Opportunities

• Manage Available Resources Dynamically

• Diverse set of Scenarios

Questions?

Additional Slides

7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 19

Wireless London Study

• “Air Stumbling” Experiment in a Light Aircraft– Directional antenna– GPS– Laptop running Netstumbler

• Results– 1525 nodes seen– 50% were “open”– approx. 40% running factory default SSID settings

Julian Priest - The State of Wireless Londonhttp://informal.org.uk/people/julian/publications/the_state_of_wireless_london/

7-8 July 2005 The Coalition Peering Domain 20

Coalition: English Definition

• A coalition is defined as*:– a : the act of coalescing : UNION b : a body

formed by the coalescing of orig. distinct elements : COMBINATION

– a temporary alliance of distinct parties, persons, or states for joint action

* Merriam-Webster Dictionary Online - http://www.m-w.com/

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Neighbourhood Networking Initiatives

• Which initiatives exist at the moment?– consume.net

• http://consume.net/

– CUWiN• http://www.cuwireless.net/

– Stockholm Open• http://www.stockholmopen.net/

– FreeNetworks Affiliations• http://scoop.freenetworks.org/

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Keywords

• Community• Neighbourhood• Collaboration• Aggregation• Multi-Homing• Load-Balancing• Robustness• Routing & Addressing• Policy

• Disruptive

• Multi-Path src-to-dst• Self-Organising

• AD• Administrative

Responsibility Distributed