The Classification of Matter

Unit I-1

Hebden 49-52

Substances

Can be heterogeneous Two or more

phases

Gravel, cookies

Can be homogeneous Only one phase

Air, water, salt water, a piece of iron

Mixture

More than one Pure Substance physically mixed together

Solution

A mixture that looks like a pure substance. Particles of all substances are completely

mixed together

Solutions: Homogenous Mixtures

A solute is the substance to be dissolved

The solvent is the one doing the dissolving

Universal solvent- generally thought of as water

Solutions

WHAT IS?

Identify the solvent and solute 100 mL of water 0.1 g of sugar

Solid Solutions -Alloys

Made by melting different metals and mixing them together Examples of Alloys are:

Steel (iron, carbon and other elements like Cr and Mo) Brass (copper and zinc) Bronze (copper and tin)

Solid Solutions -Alloys

Amalgams – special type of alloy that combines Mercury with other metals [old dental work]

Titanium alloys (used to make high-end bike parts & frames)

Solid Solutions -Alloys

Suspension

Particles are large enough to make it cloudy.

Mechanical Mixture

You can see particles of different substances

Pure Substances

Matter with a unique set of properties Can be an element or a compound

Elements

are composed of ATOMS Atoms of different elements have different

masses is a pure substance that can not be broken

down further by chemical means

Element A Pure Substance made up of ONE kind of atom Its symbol can be found on the Periodic Table

Metals and Non-Metals

An element can either be a metal or a non-metal

Non-Metals

Generally gases or dull, brittle solids at room temperature

Bromine is the only liquid

Conduct heat and electricity poorly

Non-Metals

Metals

shiny and solid at room temperature

Exception Mercury [only liquid]

Conduct heat and electricity

Ductile and malleable

Metals

Compound

A Pure Substance made up of two or more kinds of atoms.

Law of D

efinite

Proporti

ons

Compounds

Every compound has its own chemical formula

Water is H20

Compound Water

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Water

Compounds

Contain symbols of different elements

NaClH2SO4

C3H8

C2H5OH

Compounds

NOTE: The properties of compounds are always different than the properties of their elements!

Ionic Compounds

An Ionic Compound is made up a metal and a non-metal or has Polyatomic Ions in it.

Polyatomic ions are ions made up of more than one kind of atom

They can be found on your ion table (back of Periodic Table) Some Examples:

SO42- (sulphate), CO3

2- (carbonate)

Some example of IONIC compounds are: NaCl MgBr2

Al2O3

K2SO4

Ionic Compounds

Covalent Compounds

A Covalent Compound is made up of a two non-metals or is a hydrocarbon

Some example of COVALENT compounds are: CO2 , PBr3 , CCl4 , C8H18 , XeF6 , C4H9OH