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1!
The CKM Triangle(s) -- a Rosetta Stone for Flavour Dynamics
Frascati, June 2011
Ikaros Bigi (Notre Dame du Lac)
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
2!
The CKM Triangle(s) -- a Rosetta Stone for Flavour Dynamics
Frascati, June 2011
Ikaros Bigi (Notre Dame du Lac)
or!
“The Achaeans outside Troy”
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
3!
Why “The Achaeans outside Troy” ?
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Remember: Achaeans had besieged Troy for more than
nine years without success and losing their hero -- Achill.
4!
Why “The Achaeans outside Troy” ?
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Remember: Achaeans had besieged Troy for more than
nine years without success and losing their hero -- Achill.
They needed a new leader. The favored candidate was Ajax, clearly their strongest fighter.
5!
Why “The Achaeans outside Troy” ?
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Remember: Achaeans had besieged Troy for more than
nine years without success and losing their hero -- Achill.
They needed a new leader. The favored candidate was Ajax, clearly their strongest fighter.
But the Achaeans elected another hero – Odysseus
known for his thinking and ideas, not just for his physical strength!!
6!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Remember what happened:
7!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Remember what happened: They built the Trojan Horse (as shown by Tiepolo)!
8!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Remember what happened: They built the Trojan Horse (as shown by Tiepolo)!
and they took Troy and their prize – Helen, daughter of Zeus! !
9!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
“Fabula docet” – Lesson: Finding the physics beyond the Standard Model is like
the taking of Troy and Helen:
10!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
“Fabula docet” – Lesson: Finding the physics beyond the Standard Model is like
the taking of Troy and Helen: -- it has gone for a long time (more than 15 years);
11!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
“Fabula docet” – Lesson: Finding the physics beyond the Standard Model is like
the taking of Troy and Helen: -- it has gone for a long time (more than 15 years); -- the beauty of New Physics is hidden in the SM
(like Helen inside the walls of Troy);
12!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
“Fabula docet” – Lesson: Finding the physics beyond the Standard Model is like
the taking of Troy and Helen: -- it has gone for a long time (more than 15 years); -- the beauty of New Physics is hidden in the SM
(like Helen inside the walls of Troy); -- just more strength = more energy is not enough; need more thinking and novel ideas!
(give credit to Homeric Achaeans)
13!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
“Fabula docet” – Lesson: Finding the physics beyond the Standard Model is like
the taking of Troy and Helen: -- it has gone for a long time (more than 15 years); -- the beauty of New Physics is hidden in the SM
(like Helen inside the walls of Troy); -- just more strength = more energy is not enough; need more thinking and novel ideas!
(give credit to Homeric Achaeans) ! to find the new dynamics we cannot study only high pT processes – we need `low energies’ with precision!
14!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
One challenge: ! the Achaeans knew that beauty existed in the form of Helen – they saw Helen from a long distance on the towers of Troy;
15!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
One challenge: ! the Achaeans knew that beauty existed in the form of Helen – they saw Helen from a long distance on the towers of Troy; ! the beauty of New Physics hidden in the SM is implied `only’ by theorists!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
another lesson from German literature:
“A young man sees Helen in any young woman!”
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
another lesson from German literature:
“A young man sees Helen in any young woman!”
Remember this warning, young experimenters!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
another lesson from German literature:
“A young man sees Helen in any young woman!”
Remember this warning, young experimenters!
3 examples from FNAL 2nd run:
" D0 data on ASL(Bs): ibi comm.: no way!
" CDF data on pp ! WjjX: ibi comm.: maybe??
" CDF data on pp ! ttX: ibi comm.: good chance; CP violation in top prod.?
19!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Yet another lesson from English literature: Marlowe’s speech by Faustus in Act V, scene 1
“Was this the face that launch'd a thousand ships, and burnt the topless towers of Ilium?– “
20!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Yet another lesson from English literature: Marlowe’s speech by Faustus in Act V, scene 1
“Was this the face that launch'd a thousand ships, and burnt the topless towers of Ilium?– “
21!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Yet another lesson from English literature: Marlowe’s speech by Faustus in Act V, scene 1
“Was this the face that launch'd a thousand ships, and burnt the topless towers of Ilium?– “
or what happened:
Menelaus intending to strike Helen -- struck by her beauty -- drops his sword
22!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Yet another lesson from English literature: Marlowe’s speech by Faustus in Act V, scene 1
“Was this the face that launch'd a thousand ships, and burnt the topless towers of Ilium?– “
or what happened:
Menelaus intending to strike Helen -- struck by her beauty -- drops his sword -- only true beauty does it!
23!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Outline after the Prologue!
I. Nicola Cabibbo – Pioneer of Our View of Weak Forces
II. Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix (and Five more)
III. Status of Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix
IV. Rosetta Stone for Understanding Flavour Dynamics
V. The Future – and Memory of Nicola Cabibbo
24!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
I. Nicola Cabibbo – Pioneer of Our View of Weak Forces
in 1962 Paolo Franzini said to Cabibbo:
“Nicola, why don’t you do something fundamental?”
25!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
I. Nicola Cabibbo – Pioneer of Our View of Weak Forces
in 1962 Paolo Franzini said to Cabibbo:
“Nicola, why don’t you do something fundamental?”
(Cabibbo called it ‘encouragement’!)
26!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
I. Nicola Cabibbo – Pioneer of Our View of Weak Forces
in 1962 Paolo Franzini said to Cabibbo:
“Nicola, why don’t you do something fundamental?”
(Cabibbo called it `encouragement’!)
in his 1963 PRL Nicolo showed and pointed out importance of weak universality
27!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
I. Nicola Cabibbo – Pioneer of Our View of Weak Forces
in 1962 Paolo Franzini said to Cabibbo:
“Nicola, why don’t you do something fundamental?”
(Cabibbo called it `encouragement’!)
in his 1963 PRL Nicolo showed and pointed out importance of weak universality
! Nicola’s task has been achieved!!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Cabibbo –– as a native Roman learnt from experience of
his forefathers long ago, the survivors of Troy, understood the importance of thinking
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Cabibbo –– as a native Roman learnt from experience of
his forefathers long ago, the survivors of Troy, understood the importance of thinking
and convinced the Vatican to make him the President of the Pontifical Academy of Science
from 1993 to his death in 2010! ––
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Cabibbo –– as a native Roman learnt from experience of
his forefathers long ago, the survivors of Troy, understood the importance of thinking
and convinced the Vatican to make him the President of the Pontifical Academy of Science
from 1993 to his death in 2010! –– started on design the `Trojan Horse’ ! before the location of `new Troy’ was known and ! who is the new Helen!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Cabibbo –– as a native Roman learnt from experience of
his forefathers long ago, the survivors of Troy, understood the importance of thinking
and convinced the Vatican to make him the President of the Pontifical Academy of Science
from 1993 to his death in 2010! –– started on design the `Trojan Horse’ ! before the location of `new Troy’ was known and ! who is the new Helen! Less poetically: Most of the fundamental quantities of the SM come
from flavour dynamics: # quark and leptonic masses, CKM matrix
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Cabibbo –– as a native Roman learnt from experience of
his forefathers long ago, the survivors of Troy, understood the importance of thinking
and convinced the Vatican to make him the President of the Pontifical Academy of Science
from 1993 to his death in 2010! –– started on design the `Trojan Horse’ ! before the location of `new Troy’ was known and ! who is the new Helen! Less poetically: Most of the fundamental quantities of the SM come
from flavour dynamics: # quark and leptonic masses, CKM matrix
This is even much more true for New Physics!
33!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Cabibbo showed no arrogance and kept a nice sense of irony about theorists’ confidence
of their understandings!
34!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Cabibbo showed no arrogance and kept a nice sense of irony about theorists’ confidence
of their understandings! From his talk at Berkeley after the discovery of CP
violation: !We finally understand weak interactions!
35!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Cabibbo showed no arrogance and kept a nice sense of irony about theorists’ confidence
of their understandings! From his talk at Berkeley after the discovery of CP
violation: !We finally understand weak interactions!
Tatjana Faberge!
36!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
II. Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix (and 5 more) Kobayashi-Maskawa benefitted from “insider information”: worked at Physics Department of the University of Nagoya!
37!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
II. Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix (and 5 more) Kobayashi-Maskawa benefitted from “insider information”: worked at Physics Department of the University of Nagoya! for most places outside Nagoya
! 3 quarks: u,d,s ! quarks mathematical entities ! typical attitude: ”Nature is smarter than GIMaiani – she can do without charm!”
38!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
II. Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix (and 5 more) Kobayashi-Maskawa benefitted from “insider information”: worked at Physics Department of the University of Nagoya! for most places outside Nagoya
! 3 quarks: u,d,s ! quarks mathematical entities ! typical attitude: ”Nature is smarter than GIMaiani – she can do without charm!” `genius loci’ of Nagoya University ! home of the Sakata School
" quarks readily accepted as physical objects ! home of Prof. Niu -- expert in cosmic ray experiments in ‘71 Niu reported a candidate for charm seen
" 2 complete families were `known’
39!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
u d mass eigenstates c s ! t b interaction eigenstates!
VCKM = TU,L TD,L*
40!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
u d mass eigenstates c s ! t b interaction eigenstates!
VCKM = TU,L TD,L*
# 3 weak universality relations: |V(ud)|2 + |V(us)|2 + |V(ub)|2 = 1 |V(cd)|2 + |V(cs)|2 + |V(cb)|2 = 1 |V(td)|2 + |V(ts)|2 + |V(tb)|2 = 1
41!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
u d mass eigenstates c s ! t b interaction eigenstates!
VCKM = TU,L TD,L*
# 3 weak universality relations: |V(ud)|2 + |V(us)|2 + |V(ub)|2 = 1 |V(cd)|2 + |V(cs)|2 + |V(cb)|2 = 1 |V(td)|2 + |V(ts)|2 + |V(tb)|2 = 1
# 6 orthogonality relations "j=1
j=3 V*(ij)V(jk) = 0, i ! k !" triangle relations in the complex plane $ 6 triangles have equal areas !
42!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
u d mass eigenstates c s ! t b interaction eigenstates!
VCKM = TU,L TD,L*
# 3 weak universality relations: |V(ud)|2 + |V(us)|2 + |V(ub)|2 = 1 |V(cd)|2 + |V(cs)|2 + |V(cb)|2 = 1 |V(td)|2 + |V(ts)|2 + |V(tb)|2 = 1
# 6 orthogonality relations "j=1
j=3 V*(ij)V(jk) = 0, i ! k CP asym " triangle relations in the complex plane depend $ 6 triangles have equal areas on angles !
43!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
u d mass eigenstates c s ! t b interaction eigenstates!
VCKM = TU,L TD,L*
# 3 weak universality relations: |V(ud)|2 + |V(us)|2 + |V(ub)|2 = 1 weak universality |V(cd)|2 + |V(cs)|2 + |V(cb)|2 = 1 to interpret |V(td)|2 + |V(ts)|2 + |V(tb)|2 = 1 CP asym
# 6 orthogonality relations "j=1
j=3 V*(ij)V(jk) = 0, i ! k CP asym " triangle relations in the complex plane depend $ 6 triangles have equal areas on angles!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
% the emerging pattern:
# |V(us)| = # = sin $Cabibbo
# %(B) ~ 1 psec |V(cb)| ~ O(#2)
# |V(ub)|/|V(cb)| ~ O(#)
" Wolfenstein representation
VCKM=
1!"2 " #"3($!i%+%"2/2)
!" 1!"2/2!i%#2"4 #"2(1+%"2)
#"3(1!$!i%) !#"2 1
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
% the emerging pattern:
# |V(us)| = # = sin $Cabibbo
# %(B) ~ 1 psec |V(cb)| ~ O(#2)
# |V(ub)|/|V(cb)| ~ O(#)
" Wolfenstein representation
VCKM=
1!"2 " #"3($!i%+%"2/2)
!" 1!"2/2!i%#2"4 #"2(1+%"2)
#"3(1!$!i%) !#"2 1
Menelaus found out!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
% the emerging pattern:
# |V(us)| = # = sin $Cabibbo
# %(B) ~ 1 psec |V(cb)| ~ O(#2)
# |V(ub)|/|V(cb)| ~ O(#)
" Wolfenstein representation
VCKM=
1!"2 " #"3($!i%+%"2/2)
!" 1!"2/2!i%#2"4 #"2(1+%"2)
#"3(1!$!i%) !#"2 1
Menelaus found out!
“Anyone who keeps the ability to see the Beauty never grows old!” Franz Kafka
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
% the emerging pattern:
# |V(us)| = # = sin $Cabibbo
# %(B) ~ 1 psec |V(cb)| ~ O(#2)
# |V(ub)|/|V(cb)| ~ O(#)
" Wolfenstein representation
VCKM=
! I can see the hidden `Helen’ on the towers
1!"2 " #"3($!i%+%"2/2)
!" 1!"2/2!i%#2"4 #"2(1+%"2)
#"3(1!$!i%) !#"2 1
Menelaus find out!
“Anyone who keeps the ability to see the Beauty never grows old!” Franz Kafka
48!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy” 48!
$ 3 classes of 2 triangles
# # + # + #5
sd triangle: V*udVus+ V*cdVcs+ V*tdVts = &sd = 0 cu triangle: V*udVcd+ V*usVcs+ V*ubVcb = &cu = 0
# #2+ #2 + #4
bs triangle: V*usVub+ V*csVcb+ V*tsVtb = &bs = 0 tc triangle: V*tdVcd+ V*tsVcs+ V*tbVcb = &ts = 0
# #3+ #3 + #3
bd triangle: V*ubVud+ V*cbVcd+ V*tbVtd = &bd = 0 tu triangle: V*udVtd+ V*usVts+ V*ubVtb = &tu = 0
all six triangles have equal area!
49!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy” 49!
$ 3 classes of 2 triangles
# # + # + #5
sd triangle: V*udVus+ V*cdVcs+ V*tdVts = &sd = 0 K cu triangle: V*udVcd+ V*usVcs+ V*ubVcb = &cu = 0
# #2+ #2 + #4
bs triangle: V*usVub+ V*csVcb+ V*tsVtb = &bs = 0 tc triangle: V*tdVcd+ V*tsVcs+ V*tbVcb = &ts = 0
# #3+ #3 + #3
bd triangle: V*ubVud+ V*cbVcd+ V*tbVtd = &bd = 0 tu triangle: V*udVtd+ V*usVts+ V*ubVtb = &tu = 0
all six triangles have equal area!
50!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy” 50!
$ 3 classes of 2 triangles
# # + # + #5
sd triangle: V*udVus+ V*cdVcs+ V*tdVts = &sd = 0 K cu triangle: V*udVcd+ V*usVcs+ V*ubVcb = &cu = 0
# #2+ #2 + #4
bs triangle: V*usVub+ V*csVcb+ V*tsVtb = &bs = 0 tc triangle: V*tdVcd+ V*tsVcs+ V*tbVcb = &ts = 0
# #3+ #3 + #3
bd triangle: V*ubVud+ V*cbVcd+ V*tbVtd = &bd = 0 B tu triangle: V*udVtd+ V*usVts+ V*ubVtb = &tu = 0
all six triangles have equal area!
51!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy” 51!
$ 3 classes of 2 triangles
# # + # + #5
sd triangle: V*udVus+ V*cdVcs+ V*tdVts = &sd = 0 K cu triangle: V*udVcd+ V*usVcs+ V*ubVcb = &cu = 0
# #2+ #2 + #4
bs triangle: V*usVub+ V*csVcb+ V*tsVtb = &bs = 0 Bs tc triangle: V*tdVcd+ V*tsVcs+ V*tbVcb = &ts = 0
# #3+ #3 + #3
bd triangle: V*ubVud+ V*cbVcd+ V*tbVtd = &bd = 0 B tu triangle: V*udVtd+ V*usVts+ V*ubVtb = &tu = 0
all six triangles have equal area!
52!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy” 52!
$ 3 classes of 2 triangles
# # + # + #5
sd triangle: V*udVus+ V*cdVcs+ V*tdVts = &sd = 0 K cu triangle: V*udVcd+ V*usVcs+ V*ubVcb = &cu = 0 D
# #2+ #2 + #4
bs triangle: V*usVub+ V*csVcb+ V*tsVtb = &bs = 0 Bs tc triangle: V*tdVcd+ V*tsVcs+ V*tbVcb = &ts = 0
# #3+ #3 + #3
bd triangle: V*ubVud+ V*cbVcd+ V*tbVtd = &bd = 0 B tu triangle: V*udVtd+ V*usVts+ V*ubVtb = &tu = 0
all six triangles have equal area!
53!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
“The” CKM (= Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa ) Triangle
bd triangle: V*ubVud+ V*cbVcd+ V*tbVtd = &bd = 0 B
#3+ #3 + #3
54!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
“The” CKM (= Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa ) Triangle
bd triangle: V*ubVud+ V*cbVcd+ V*tbVtd = &bd = 0 B
#3+ #3 + #3
! all 3 sides of comparable length " all their angles are naturally large
55!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
“The” CKM (= Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa ) Triangle
bd triangle: V*ubVud+ V*cbVcd+ V*tbVtd = &bd = 0 B
#3+ #3 + #3
! all 3 sides of comparable length " all their angles are naturally large
VcdV*c b
VtdV*tb VudV*u b
'1(
'2(
'3(
a Cartesian notation!
control B transitions
)B=1
)B=2
56!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Angles in CKM triangle are indeed large: III. Status of Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix
57!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Angles in CKM triangle are indeed large: ! sin 2'1 = S(Bd ! J/* KS) = 0.658 ± 0.024
III. Status of Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix
58!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Angles in CKM triangle are indeed large: ! sin 2'1 = S(Bd ! J/* KS) = 0.658 ± 0.024
! sin 2'2 ~ S(Bd ! ++ +-) = - 0.61 ± 0.08!
III. Status of Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix
59!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
`the’ CKM Triangle!
60!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy” 60!
MeV
10-8 10-16 10-10 10-14 10-12
)mK(observ)!)mK (box)!
)mBd(observ)!
)mBd (box)!
if mt=40 GeV if tb= few x 10-14 sec!
small |V(td)| offset by large mt
)mK(box,no GIMaiani)!
,K(observ)!
,K(box)!
,K ‘(observ)!
,K ‘(SM)!
reproduced observables spanning several orders of magnitude
61!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy” 61!
MeV
10-8 10-16 10-10 10-14 10-12
)mK(observ)!)mK (box)!
)mBd(observ)!
)mBd (box)!
if mt=40 GeV if tb= few x 10-14 sec!
small |V(td)| offset by large mt
)mK(box,no GIMaiani)!
,K(observ)!
,K(box)!
,K ‘(observ)!
,K ‘(SM)!
reproduced observables spanning several orders of magnitude accommodated with parameter choices |V(us)|~ 0.22,|V(ts)|~0.04 |V(td)|~ 0.004 mu~5 MeV, mc~1.2 GeV mt~180 GeV, md ~10 MeV ms~0.15 GeV, mb ~ 4.6 GeV
62!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy” 62!
MeV
10-8 10-16 10-10 10-14 10-12
)mK(observ)!)mK (box)!
)mBd(observ)!
)mBd (box)!
if mt=40 GeV if tb= few x 10-14 sec!
small |V(td)| offset by large mt
)mK(box,no GIMaiani)!
,K(observ)!
,K(box)!
,K ‘(observ)!
,K ‘(SM)!
reproduced observables spanning several orders of magnitude accommodated with parameter choices |V(us)|~ 0.22,|V(ts)|~0.04 |V(td)|~ 0.004 mu~5 MeV, mc~1.2 GeV mt~180 GeV, md ~10 MeV ms~0.15 GeV, mb ~ 4.6 GeV that a priori would seem `frivolous’!
63!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy” 63!
MeV
10-8 10-16 10-10 10-14 10-12
)mK(observ)!)mK (box)!
)mBd(observ)!
)mBd (box)!
if mt=40 GeV if tb= few x 10-14 sec!
small |V(td)| offset by large mt
)mK(box,no GIMaiani)!
,K(observ)!
,K(box)!
,K ‘(observ)!
,K ‘(SM)!
reproduced observables spanning several orders of magnitude accommodated with parameter choices |V(us)|~ 0.22,|V(ts)|~0.04 |V(td)|~ 0.004 mu~5 MeV, mc~1.2 GeV mt~180 GeV, md ~10 MeV ms~0.15 GeV, mb ~ 4.6 GeV that a priori would seem `frivolous’! There could easily have been inconsistencies!
64!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
`the’ CKM Triangle!
65!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
`the’ CKM Triangle – Cathedral of Fundamental Science !
66!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
`the’ CKM Triangle – Cathedral of Fundamental Science !
67!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
about ~ 1500 HEP worked on the construction of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Triangle ––
68!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
about ~ 1500 HEP worked on the construction of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Triangle ––
but not all on the same level!
69!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
about ~ 1500 HEP worked on the construction of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Triangle ––
but not all on the same level!
arXiv: 1010.1589 [hep-ex] lists 601 references
70!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
about ~ 1500 HEP worked on the construction of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Triangle ––
but not all on the same level!
arXiv: 1010.1589 [hep-ex] lists 601 references
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
IV. Rosetta Stone for Understanding Flavour Dynamics
Cathedral of Flavour Dynamics has begun
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
IV. Rosetta Stone for Understanding Flavour Dynamics
Cathedral of Flavour Dynamics has begun
-- SM = SU(3)C x SU(2)LxU(1) + CKM + PMNS –
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
IV. Rosetta Stone for Understanding Flavour Dynamics
Cathedral of Flavour Dynamics has begun
-- SM = SU(3)C x SU(2)LxU(1) + CKM + PMNS --
`only’ thing not even accidental miracle
greatest thing
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
IV. Rosetta Stone for Understanding Flavour Dynamics
Cathedral of Flavour Dynamics has begun
-- SM = SU(3)C x SU(2)LxU(1) + CKM + PMNS --
`only’ thing not even accidental miracle
greatest thing
but not completed!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
IV. Rosetta Stone for Understanding Flavour Dynamics
Cathedral of Flavour Dynamics has begun
-- SM = SU(3)C x SU(2)LxU(1) + CKM + PMNS --
`only’ thing not even accidental miracle
greatest thing
but not completed!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
IV. Rosetta Stone for Understanding Flavour Dynamics
Cathedral of Flavour Dynamics has begun
-- SM = SU(3)C x SU(2)LxU(1) + CKM + PMNS --
`only’ thing not even accidental miracle
greatest thing
but not completed!
Have the atrium
Ca bib bo!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
IV. Rosetta Stone for Understanding Flavour Dynamics
Cathedral of Flavour Dynamics has begun
-- SM = SU(3)C x SU(2)LxU(1) + CKM + PMNS --
`only’ thing not even accidental miracle
greatest thing
but not completed!
Have the atrium & vestibule & the central nave
Ca bib bo!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
IV. Rosetta Stone for Understanding Flavour Dynamics
Cathedral of Flavour Dynamics has begun
-- SM = SU(3)C x SU(2)LxU(1) + CKM + PMNS --
`only’ thing not even accidental miracle
greatest thing
but not completed!
Have the atrium & vestibule & the central nave & an idea about the transept!
Ca bib bo!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
IV. Rosetta Stone for Understanding Flavour Dynamics
Cathedral of Flavour Dynamics has begun
-- SM = SU(3)C x SU(2)LxU(1) + CKM + PMNS --
`only’ thing not even accidental miracle
greatest thing
but not completed!
Have the atrium & vestibule & the central nave & an idea about the transept –
but not more!! Ca bib bo!
80!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
inspired by Kandinsky’s several paintings from 1920’s !
“Composition VIII” 1923 triangles of different shapes!
81!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
inspired by Kandinsky’s several paintings from 1920’s !
“Composition VIII” 1923 triangles of different shapes!
Kandinsky did not understand that triangles have same area – after all he is not a theorist! !
82!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
inspired by Kandinsky’s several paintings from 1920’s !
“Black & Violet” 1923 are they triangles,
quadrangle, ???!
“Composition VIII” 1923 triangles of different shapes!
83!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
(1) #2+ #2 + #4
bs triangle: V*usVub+ V*csVcb+ V*tsVtb = &bs = 0 Bs
S(Bs ! J/* ')|CKM ~ 0.03
84!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
(1) #2+ #2 + #4
bs triangle: V*usVub+ V*csVcb+ V*tsVtb = &bs = 0 Bs
S(Bs ! J/* ')|CKM ~ 0.03
(2) # + # + #5
cu triangle: V*udVcd+ V*usVcs+ V*ubVcb = &cu = 0 D !S(D0 ! KS ')|CKM ~ 10-5 , S(D0 ! h+h-)|CKM ~ 10-4
85!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
(1) #2+ #2 + #4
bs triangle: V*usVub+ V*csVcb+ V*tsVtb = &bs = 0 Bs
S(Bs ! J/* ')|CKM ~ 0.03
(2) # + # + #5
cu triangle: V*udVcd+ V*usVcs+ V*ubVcb = &cu = 0 D !S(D0 ! KS ')|CKM ~ 10-5 , S(D0 ! h+h-)|CKM ~ 10-4
sd triangle: V*udVus+ V*cdVcs+ V*tdVts = &sd = 0 K BR(KL!+0--)|CKM=(8.4±1.0)x10-11 vs.
BR(K+ ! ++--)|CKM=(2.7±0.4)x10-11
86!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
(1) #2+ #2 + #4
bs triangle: V*usVub+ V*csVcb+ V*tsVtb = &bs = 0 Bs
S(Bs ! J/* ')|CKM ~ 0.03
(2) # + # + #5
cu triangle: V*udVcd+ V*usVcs+ V*ubVcb = &cu = 0 D !S(D0 ! KS ')|CKM ~ 10-5 , S(D0 ! h+h-)|CKM ~ 10-4
sd triangle: V*udVus+ V*cdVcs+ V*tdVts = &sd = 0 K BR(KL!+0--)|CKM=(8.4±1.0)x10-11 vs.
BR(K+ ! ++--)|CKM=(2.7±0.4)x10-11
(3) CP violation in top production & decays t
87!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
and Electric Dipole Moments (EDM):
neutrons, protons, deuterons, …
88!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
and Electric Dipole Moments (EDM):
neutrons, protons, deuterons, …
and for electrons, muons, %
89!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
and Electric Dipole Moments (EDM):
neutrons, protons, deuterons, …
and for electrons, muons, %
and CP violations for neutral and charged leptons … !
90!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
and Electric Dipole Moments (EDM):
neutrons, protons, deuterons, …
and for electrons, muons, %
and CP violations for neutral and charged leptons …
a lot to be learnt and done! !
91!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
V. The Future – and Memory of Nicola Cabibbo
Observables Lagrangian
92!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
V. The Future – and Memory of Nicola Cabibbo
Observables Lagrangian
93!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
V. The Future – and Memory of Nicola Cabibbo
Observables Lagrangian
theoretical technology ! “plumbers”!
94!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
95!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
“thinkers”
96!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
“thinkers”
97!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Schlaeft ein Lied in allen Dingen, There sleeps a song in all things Die da traeumen fort und fort, That dream on and on, Und die Welt hebt an zu singen, And the world will start to sing, Findst Du nur das Zauberwort. If only you find the magic word.
J. v. Eichendorff
98!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Schlaeft ein Lied in allen Dingen, There sleeps a song in all things Die da traeumen fort und fort, That dream on and on, Und die Welt hebt an zu singen, And the world will start to sing, Findst Du nur das Zauberwort. If only you find the magic word.
J. v. Eichendorff
symmetry!
99!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
Schlaeft ein Lied in allen Dingen, There sleeps a song in all things Die da traeumen fort und fort, That dream on and on, Und die Welt hebt an zu singen, And the world will start to sing, Findst Du nur das Zauberwort. If only you find the magic word.
J. v. Eichendorff
symmetry!
100!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
101!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
102!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
103!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
104!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
105!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
106!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
107!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
108!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
109!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
110!
Ikaros Bigi: “The Achaeans outside Troy”
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