The Civil WarChapter 15: Part 1

Warm Up:

Question:What event started the American

Civil War?

Answer:

When the South attacked Fort Sumter.

A Call to Arms

Section 1

The attack on Fort Sumter was considered the start of

the Civil War (near Charleston, S.C.)

I Love Fort

Sumter!

Here is a picture of me in the gift shop.

So Fun!!!

(Cannon at Fort Sumter) Notice the alcove design

Quote “I hate history vacations!”

The South had taken over several U.S. military forts in South Carolina. (Federal Property)

Lincoln tried to send supplies to Ft. Sumter, not weapons

The Confederacy debated about trying to capture the fort by force. They also questioned whether it was the Confederate government’s decision, or South Carolina’s decision. In response, the Confederate Cabinet, meeting in Montgomery, decided on April 9 to open fire on Fort Sumter in an attempt to force its surrender before the

relief fleet arrived. Only Secretary of State, Robert Toombs opposed this decision: he reportedly told Jefferson Davis the attack "will lose us every friend in the North. You will strike a hornet's nest.... Legions now quiet will swarm out and sting us to death. It is unnecessary. It puts us in the

wrong. It is fatal.”

The original The original Confederate CabinetConfederate Cabinet

L-R: L-R: Judah P. Benjamin, , Stephen Mallory, , Christopher Memminger, , Alexander Stephens, , LeRoy Pope Walker, , Jefferson Davis, , John H. Reagan and and Robert Toombs.Robert Toombs.

April 12, 1861Jefferson Davis ordered the attack on

Ft. Sumter

P.G.T. Beauregard and the South Win!

A bloodless battle

Major Robert Anderson surrendered

PGT Beauregard (left; CSA from Louisiana) had class under

Major Robert Anderson (right; USA; a pro-slavery Kentuckian who was loyal to the Union) at

West Point.There was only one casualty..A Confederate horse.

During a 100-gun salute to the U.S. flag—Anderson’s one condition for withdrawal—a pile of cartridges

blew up from a spark, killing one soldier and seriously injuring the rest of the gun crew. This was the only confirmed fatality from the siege. The salute was stopped at fifty shots. Anderson lowered the Fort Sumter flag and took it with him to the North, where it became a widely known symbol of the battle, and a

rallying point for supporters of the Union.

A great deal of destruction occurred at Fort Sumter and

the Confederates were excited to fly their new flag

over the fort.

Views of Fort Views of Fort SumterSumter

Views of Views of Charlestown Charlestown

from Fort from Fort SumterSumter

After the attack the South gained momentum.

North Carolina, Arkansas, Tennessee, and Virginia seceded!

Western Virginia disagreed and seceded from Virginia. They became

part of the Union. (statehood came in 1863)

Richmond was named the capital of the Confederacy & D.C. remained the capital

of the U.S.

•Lincoln called for 75,000 troops for 90 days

•Everyone expected the war to be very short

The Two Sides of the War

Border States

Importance of the Border States

What FOUR blue states were thinking about making an exit?

Maryland, Kentucky,

Missouri, andDelaware

could decide the war!

Why was Why was each border each border

statestate

so important?so important?

MARYLAND

•Cut off U.S. capital if they leave the Union

•Contained important railroad lines

•Close to Richmond

DELAWARE

•Factories

•Pressures Philly

KENTUCKY

•Ohio River control ; which would help troop Ohio River control ; which would help troop and supply movementand supply movement

MISSOURI

•Mississippi River control; troop and supply movement

The End Result…

• All four border states decided to remain with the Union.

• However, many citizens from these states left to fight for the Confederacy.

• These decisions served as a victory for the Union.

Warm Up:

Question: What were the four border states and name one reason why each state was important?

Answer:

Maryland: cut off capital, railroad, close to Richmond

Delaware: factories, guns

Kentucky: Control of the Ohio River

Missouri: Control of the Mississippi River

Civil War: Four Square

1. ) Use your textbook to identify advantages and weaknesses of the North and the South. Page 514

Four Square: The Civil War

Advantages & Weaknesses

The sides…

The North

Union

Yankees

USA

Blue

Advantages of the North during

the Civil War

Factories: Most factories were in the North.

This allowed the North to have ALL of the supplies they needed to fight the war. Ex: Hammers, Guns, Shovels, Wagons, etc.

Railroads:

The North had twice as much railroad track as the South. This also allowed for better communication (telegraph lines)

Farm land:The North had almost twice as much farm land as the South. They could produce food for the soldiers. The South had cash crops-not food.

Population:

More peoplelived in theNorth. Thismeant moremen to fight.(approx. 23 million to 9 million)

Money &Banking:More

moneyand a

betterorganizedbankingsystem During the course of the war

Confederate money became worthless.

Inflation was so high in the South a bar of soap cost $50.

Thaddeus Lowe and Jack LaMountain’s Hot Air Balloons allowed Union

forces to observe Confederate

positions.

Other inventions included Ironclad ships, landmines, and the “coffee mill” gun (very

similar to a machine gun.)

Technology:

Abraham Lincoln: In his first Inaugural

Address, Lincoln argued that the purpose of the

United States Constitution was “to form a more

perfect Union.” He asked, even if the Constitution was a simple contract,

would it not require the agreement of all parties to rescind it? (do away with

it?)

•Dedicated•Intelligent

•Skillful•Humanitarian

The South

Confederacy

The Confederate States of America

Rebels

The sides…

Grey

Advantages of the South during

the Civil War

Familiar with Land:

Most Civil War battles were fought in the SouthProviding an advantage for the Confederacy.

Experienced Military

Leaders:• Robert E. Lee• Thomas

“Stonewall” Jackson

• Albert Johnston• Joseph Johnston

Lee

Strong Support:

Defending Land, Homes, Way of Life (slavery)

The Stratford Hall Plantation was built in 1730. This is the birthplace

of Robert E. Lee.

Being a soldier:Most of the men in the South were used to being outside, riding horses, shooting guns. Unlike the Northerners, many of whom were “city boys.”

JeffersonDavis:

•Strong leader•West Point graduate•Experienced soldier•Very interested in the War Department

Weaknesses of the North during

the Civil War

Why the Civil War would be difficult for the North

to win?• They had to invade and hold the

South• Public opinion of the war was divided

in the North• Many people in the North believed

the South was willing to fight harder to keep their way of life; slavery

• Most of the military academies were in the South-hard to find “good” soldiers

Weaknesses of the South during

the Civil War

Why the Civil War would be difficult for the South

to win?• Smaller population of people to fight• Hard to get manufactured goods

and food in the South (for the war effort)

• Hard to transport goods because of the lack of railroad track

• Hard to communicate (lack of RR)• The C.S.A. was brand new…could

they organize quickly?

Civil War: Four Square

1. ) Use your textbook to identify the strategies of the North and the South. Page 515

1. ) Use the biographies to identify important characteristics about Lincoln and Davis

NO warm up:Get out your four square

please!

The Presidents

-Born in a log cabin in Kentucky

-His father fought in the American Revolution

Davis was born near the border of Christian county (later named Todd

County), Kentucky

-Attended West Point-Fought in the Black Hawk War-Hero in the Mexican-American War

Senator from Mississippi

He served as Secretary of War under Pierce in 1853.

That was followed by time in the Mississippi Senate where

he gave speeches that opposed secession.

On February 9, 1861, the constitutional convention in Montgomery, Alabama named him president of the Confederate States of America.

He was inaugurated on February 18.

Jefferson’s Inauguration as President of the

Confederacy

- - Born in a log cabin in Kentucky

Abraham Lincoln

His mother died when he was nine and his family moved several times; from

Kentucky, where he was born, to Indiana, and then on to Illinois in his

early 20s.

Several times, Lincoln did his

homework writing with coal on the

back of a shovel.

Lincoln was born February 12, 1809 in the log cabin to the left. It is now in a Museum in

Kentucky.

Many people believe that Lincoln despised slavery because his father made him work so hard as a youth (till the age of 21 you were to

follow your parents orders)

Abraham Lincoln Moved to the Illinois (New Salem and

Springfield)

Springfield HomeSpringfield Home

Lincoln’s New Lincoln’s New Salem HomeSalem Home

Lincoln’s first photoLincoln’s first photo

Abraham Lincoln

- Jobs: He ran ferry boats, served as a rafter and a postmaster

Lincoln was once fined for rafting without a license.

This is when his law interest peeked!

When Abe was 19 he got his first chance to see something of the “outside world.” James

Gentry, the owner of the country store, hired him to

take a flatboat of cargo to New Orleans, then a wealthy city of

some 40,000 people.

Abraham Lincoln

Jefferson Davis believed he was the one who signed up Lincoln before

the Black Hawk War.

Many scholars believe that Lincoln, who had been elected an officer by

the men of his militia company, prevented them from killing this unfortunate Native American.

Many militia recruits hoped to kill an Indian in the Black Hawk War. When

a Native American entered their camp, many of Lincoln's men leapt

to their feet, eager to take the opportunity to fulfill their goal. But

Lincoln, who had become the camp's champion wrestler, informed his men that in order to harm the

Indian, they would have to defeat him first.

-Store Clerk: “Honest Abe”

Abraham

Lincoln

When Lincoln’s partner, William Berry, died, it left Lincoln $1,100 in debt . It took him 15 years, but he

paid it all back. One day he noticed he had

overcharged a customer a few pennies. After the store closed, he

hiked six miles to return the change.The widow of a Revolutionary soldier,

was charged $200 for getting her $400 pension. Lincoln sued the pension

agent and won the case for the woman. He didn't charge her for his services and paid her hotel bill and

gave her money to buy a ticket home!

-Self - taught lawyer and a politician

-Wife :Wife :Mary Todd Mary Todd LincolnLincoln

Abraham Lincoln

Abe and Mary had 4 Sons

Only one survived childhood

Abraham Lincoln

Robert LincolnRobert LincolnLived to age 82Lived to age 82

Tad LincolnTad LincolnDied at age 18Died at age 18

Willie LincolnWillie LincolnDied at age 11Died at age 11

Eddie LincolnEddie LincolnDied as a babyDied as a baby

Warm up

Name two strengths and two weaknesses of the North and the South leading into the Civil War.

Answer:

Answers will vary

Warm up:

How was Abe Lincoln viewed by the Northerners? (Helpful or not, why?)

Answer

• Dedicated• Intelligent• Skillful• Humanitarian• A great leader for the USA

Warm up

Describe what life was like for a soldier in the Civil War.

Answer:

Long marchesNot enough food,

clothing, shelterLittle contact with homeFamilies could be

divided over the warLittle training

Question:

What did both the North and South believe about the war as the American Civil War began?

Answer:

They believed that it would be a very short war.

1st Battle of Bull Run July 21, 1861

1st Battle of Bull Run

The First Battle… Bull Run – North named battles after closest body of water Manassas – South named battles after closest town: (Manassas Junction)

Civilians made the 25 mile trip from Washington, D.C. to Manassas to watch the battle.

This was considered entertainment and many people even had a picnic!

The Confederate battle flag shown here was not used until December of 1861

1st Battle of Bull Run

The NorthLeader: General Irvin

McDowell led 28,000 - 35,000 Union troops to battle

The SouthLeaders: P.G.T.

Beauregard and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson led 32,000 - 34,000 Confederate troops

FYI: The number of soldiers from both sides varies depending on the source.

Battle details:•At first the North charged and pushed the Confederates back•Stonewall Jackson got his nickname (see next slide)•The Southern troops were able to get reinforcements and held strong•The Union troops panicked and fled •The South won

General Bernard Bee shouted: “There stands Jackson like a stone wall! Rally behind the Virginians!”

This was the first battle in American history where trains

were used to bring troops!

Union troops = 35,000 Confederate troops = 34,000

Casualties = 2,896 Casualties = 1,982

President President Lincoln was Lincoln was

disappointed disappointed with with

McDowell’s McDowell’s performance performance

and put and put George George

McClellan in command of

the Union Army

Why is the 1st Battle of Bull Run so important?

Both sides realized that the other was

very focused on winning the war. They

realized that it would be a

long, difficult, and ugly war.

Introduce Civil War projects and options.

Give Computer Lab dates.