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The Civil War and Reconstruction
Texas History
Chapters 15 and 16
Issues Divide the Country
The new Republican Party was supported in the North
Republican Party Against slavery Believed the South
was responsible for the depression
Wanted a tariff, homestead act and other improvements
South Disagrees Southerners
believed a victory for the Republican Party would mean the end of slavery and the Southern way of life
South Disagrees If the
Republicans won the 1860 election, Southern leaders threatened to secede from the Union
South Disagrees Most of the
delegates to the Texas convention after the 1860 election favored secession
Secession Members of the
1861 convention in Alabama formed the Confederate States of America
Secession Texas Secession
Convention ordered all state officials to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy
Secession
The Confederate Constitution gave more power to the states and legalized slavery.
Houston Disagrees
Governor of Texas, Sam Houston, refused to take the oath of allegiance to the Confederacy
Houston Disagrees
When Houston refused to take oath of allegiance to the Confederacy, the convention declared the office of governor vacant.
UNIONISTS Some Texans who
supported the United States joined the Union army.
Vigilantes, unauthorized police for an area, hanged 40 suspected Unionists at Gainesville.
New Presidents Abraham Lincoln
was elected the President of the United States in 1860
Jefferson Davis was elected the President of the Confederacy
War Begins April 12, 1861: Union
troops refuse to evacuate Fort Sumter in South Carolina
Confederates opened fire, beginning the Civil War
Texans Go To War Conscription: the
forced enrollment of people into military service
More than 60,000 Texans joined the Confederacy
Texans Go To War
Conscription was unfair to small farmers because it allowed for the hiring of substitutes.
Fighting for Galveston Vital to Confederate
chain of supplies Union navy
blockaded ports Union wanted to
capture Galveston because it was a busy seaport
Blockade
Despite the blockade of its ports, Texas continued to send cotton to Europe via Mexico.
Battle of Sabine Pass Union troops
attempted to capture Houston and Galveston
The Confederate Davis Guards at Sabine Pass captured the Union troops and 2 ships
Battle of Sabine Pass Important victory
for the Confederacy; prevented Union plans to launch a major campaign against Texas
Texas Blocks Union Invasion
Union forces had captured New Orleans in 1864
Union forces launched Texas invasion from New Orleans
Texas, Louisiana, Missouri and Arkansas troops took 2,000 Union troops prisoner
Terry’s Texas Rangers Officially known
as the 8th Texas Calvary Regiment
Fought in more battles than any other cavalry regiment in the Civil War
Civil War Women Women did most of
farm work, along with children and slaves
Women served as nurses; Rosanna Osterman
Women sewed uniforms and other clothing
Shortages Homespun
clothing made of coarse fabric
Substitutes for coffee and tea
Lack of medicines, paper, salt, flour
Civil War EndsApril 9, 1865, General Robert E. Lee surrendered Confederate armies to General Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia
Civil War Ends Palmito Ranch, near
Brownsville, was the last battle of the Civil War.
Texans learned from Union prisoners that Lee had surrendered a month earlier
Union is Preserved
The North’s victory meant the Union of the United States had been preserved.
Slavery ended More than 600,000
soldiers died
Reconstruction
The period of reestablishing governments in the South after the Civil War
Reconstruction
Population boomed because Texas had largely been spared the destruction suffered by most of the South.
Ironclad Oath
To regain the right to vote, Southern citizens were required to take an oath of allegiance to the United States
Ironclad Oath: stated they had not voluntarily served in the Confederate Army or aided the Confederacy.
Kept many Southerners from voting
Problems
Money was scarce
Bitterness between citizens from the North and South
Emancipation Proclamation
Freed slaves in the Confederate states
Most African Americans did not learn of the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 until two years later
JuneteenthUnion General Granger landed at Galveston on June 19, 1865 and issued General Order #3 proclaiming all enslaved Texans were free.
Freedmen
Former Slaves Freedmen’s
Bureau created to assist newly freed slaves
Congress Takes Control
Texas legislature refused to ratify or approve 13th amendment:
abolished slavery 14th amendment:
granted citizenship to former slaves
Black Codes Laws limiting the
rights of African Americans
Texas constitution of 1866 failed to give African Americans the right to vote
Radical Republicans
Republicans who disagreed with U.S. President Johnson
Set stricter standards for admitting Southern states back into the Union
Radical Republicans
Voted to impeach President Johnson; he lost influence but not his office
Southerners Oppose Reconstruction
Former Confederates thought Radical Republicans’ plan was too harsh
Southerners Oppose Reconstruction
Scalawag: Southern whites who supported Reconstruction
Carpetbaggers: Northerners who came to the South during Reconstruction
Ku Klux Klan: used violence to prevent African Americans from voting
Democrats Win Election
Democrats kept many African Americans from voting for Texas governor in 1873
Richard Coke, from Waco, won election
Democrats Win Election
African Americans were most likely to vote for Republicans
Reconstruction Ends
U.S. President Grant signed proclamation ending Reconstruction in 1870.
Review Question
The North’s victory in the Civil War meant
a. The South seceded
b. Slavery was legalized
c. The Union was preserved
Review Question
The North’s victory in the Civil War meant
a. The South seceded
b. Slavery was legalized
c. The Union was preserved
Review Question
Most delegates in the Texas convention after the 1860 election
A. favored secession B. opposed secession C. had no opinion about secession
Review Question
Most delegates in the Texas convention after the 1860 election
A. favored secession B. opposed secession C. had no opinion about secession
Review Question
Members of the 1861 convention in Alabama formed the
A. Whig Party B. Republican Party C. Confederate States of America
Review Question
Members of the 1861 convention in Alabama formed the
A. Whig Party B. Republican Party C. Confederate States of America
Review Question
Many African Americans didn’t learn of the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 until _____ years later.
A. Two B. Three C. Four
Review Question
Many African Americans didn’t learn of the Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 until _____ years later.
A. Two B. Three C. Four
Review Question
Union leaders wanted control of Galveston because it
A. had a busy seaport B. housed the State Capitol C. was a railroad center
Review Question
Union leaders wanted control of Galveston because it
A. had a busy seaport B. housed the State Capitol C. was a railroad center
Review Question
If the Republicans won the 1860 election, Southern leaders threatened to
A. secede from the Union B. filibuster in Congress C. call for a recount
Review Question
If the Republicans won the 1860 election, Southern leaders threatened to
A. secede from the Union B. filibuster in Congress C. call for a recount
Review Question
All were results of the Civil War EXCEPT
A. slavery ended B. the Union was dissolved C. more than 600,000 people died
Review Question
All were results of the Civil War EXCEPT
A. slavery ended B. the Union was dissolved C. more than 600,000 people died
Review Question
All were sacrifices made by Texans during the Civil War EXCEPT
A. they used coffee substitutes B. they wore homespun clothing C. they stopped receiving nursing care
Review Question
All were sacrifices made by Texans during the Civil War EXCEPT
A. they used coffee substitutes B. they wore homespun clothing C. they stopped receiving nursing care
Review Question
Despite a blockade of its ports, Texas continued to send cotton to Europe through
A. New Orleans B. Mexico C. California
Review Question
Despite a blockade of its ports, Texas continued to send cotton to Europe through
A. New Orleans B. Mexico C. California
Review Question
Most Southerners in the 1850s believed that the rise of the Republican Party would mean
A. legalization of slavery B. economic prosperity C. the end of the Southern way of life
Review Question
Most Southerners in the 1850s believed that the rise of the Republican Party would mean
A. legalization of slavery B. economic prosperity C. the end of the Southern way of life
Review Question
During the Civil War, women did all of the following EXCEPT
A. work on farms B. serve as nurses C. work in factories
Review Question
During the Civil War, women did all of the following EXCEPT
A. work on farms B. serve as nurses C. work in factories
Review Question
The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863
A. freed slaves in the Union states B. condemned Southern states for
seceding C. freed slaves in Confederate states
Review Question
The Emancipation Proclamation of 1863
A. freed slaves in the Union states B. condemned Southern states for
seceding C. freed slaves in Confederate states
Review Question
The period of reestablishing governments in the South after the Civil War is called
A. Renewal B. Reconstruction C. Reunion
Review Question
The period of reestablishing governments in the South after the Civil War is called
A. Renewal B. Reconstruction C. Reunion
Review Question
On June 19, 1865, General Granger issued a proclamation declaring that all
A. enslaved people were free B. women had the right to vote C. taxes were increased
Review Question
On June 19, 1865, General Granger issued a proclamation declaring that all
A. enslaved people were free B. women had the right to vote C. taxes were increased
Review Question
How many Texans served in the Confederate Army?
A. 6,000 B. 10,000 C. 60,000
Review Question
How many Texans served in the Confederate Army?
A. 6,000 B. 10,000 C. 60,000
Review Question
The Texas Secession Convention ordered all state officials to take an oath of allegiance to
A. President Lincoln B. the Confederacy C. the Union
Review Question
The Texas Secession Convention ordered all state officials to take an oath of allegiance to
A. President Lincoln B. the Confederacy C. the Union
Review Question
Which famous Texan did NOT sign the loyalty oath to the Confederacy?
A. Mirabeau Lamar B. Albert Sidney Johnston C. Sam Houston
Review Question
Which famous Texan did NOT sign the loyalty oath to the Confederacy?
A. Mirabeau Lamar B. Albert Sidney Johnston C. Sam Houston
Review Question
Conscription is
A. secession from the Union B. Confederate paper money C. forced enrollment into military service
Review Question
Conscription is
A. secession from the Union B. Confederate paper money C. forced enrollment into military service
Review Question
What oath did Southerners have to take before they could vote?
A. Emancipation Oath B. Ironclad Oath C. Abolitionist Oath
Review Question
What oath did Southerners have to take before they could vote?
A. Emancipation Oath B. Ironclad Oath C. Abolitionist Oath
Review Question
Most former Confederates felt the Radical Republicans’ plan for Reconstruction was
A. too harsh B. too generous C. unnecessary
Review Question
Most former Confederates felt the Radical Republicans’ plan for Reconstruction was
A. too harsh B. too generous C. unnecessary
Review Question
The federal agency created to assist newly freed slaves was the
A. Ku Klux Klan B. Welfare Department C. Freedman’s Bureau
Review Question
The federal agency created to assist newly freed slaves was the
A. Ku Klux Klan B. Welfare Department C. Freedman’s Bureau
Review Question
The President of the US who was impeached during Reconstruction was
A. Andrew Johnson B. Abraham Lincoln C. Ulysses S. Grant
Review Question
The President of the US who was impeached during Reconstruction was
A. Andrew Johnson B. Abraham Lincoln C. Ulysses S. Grant
Review Question
The 8th Texas Cavalry Regiment, which fought in more battles than did any other cavalry regiment in the Civil War, was also known as
A. Terry’s Tennessee Rangers B. Terry’s Texas Rangers C. Terry’s Texas Regiment
Review Question
The 8th Texas Cavalry Regiment, which fought in more battles than did any other cavalry regiment in the Civil War, was also known as
A. Terry’s Tennessee Rangers B. Terry’s Texas Rangers C. Terry’s Texas Regiment
Review Question
Which political party used violence to keep African Americans from voting in 1873?
A. Republican B. Democrat C. Whigs
Review Question
Which political party used violence to keep African Americans from voting in 1873?
A. Republican B. Democrat C. Whigs
Review Question
What was the site of the first Civil War battle?
A. Sabine Pass B. Fort Sumter C. New Orleans
Review Question
What was the site of the first Civil War battle?
A. Sabine Pass B. Fort Sumter C. New Orleans
Review Question
What was the city where Union forces launched an invasion of Texas in 1864?
A. New Orleans B. Galveston C. Palmito Ranch
Review Question
What was the city where Union forces launched an invasion of Texas in 1864?
A. New Orleans B. Galveston C. Palmito Ranch
Review Question
Who was the President of the Confederacy?
A. Abraham Lincoln B. Jefferson Davis C. Sam Houston
Review Question
Who was the President of the Confederacy?
A. Abraham Lincoln B. Jefferson Davis C. Sam Houston
Review Question
Which battle dashed Union plans to launch a major campaign against Texas?
A. Sabine Pass B. New Orleans C. Palmito Ranch
Review Question
Which battle dashed Union plans to launch a major campaign against Texas?
A. Sabine Pass B. New Orleans C. Palmito Ranch
Review Question
Who was the President of the United States elected in 1860?
A. Abraham Lincoln B. Ulysses S. Grant C. Jefferson Davis
Review Question
Who was the President of the United States elected in 1860?
A. Abraham Lincoln B. Ulysses S. Grant C. Jefferson Davis
Review Question
Who were Northerners who came to the South during Reconstruction?
A. Scalawags B. Carpetbaggers C. Radical Republicans
Review Question
Who were Northerners who came to the South during Reconstruction?
A. Scalawags B. Carpetbaggers C. Radical Republicans
Review Question
Who were Southern whites who supported Reconstruction?
A. Radical Republicans B. Scalawags C. Black Codes
Review Question
Who were Southern whites who supported Reconstruction?
A. Radical Republicans B. Scalawags C. Black Codes
Review Question
A Radical Republican was
A. someone who limited the rights of African Americans after the Civil War
B. someone who came to the South during Reconstruction
C. someone who set strict standards for admitting Southern states back into the Union
Review Question
A Radical Republican was
A. someone who limited the rights of African Americans after the Civil War
B. someone who came to the South during Reconstruction
C. someone who set strict standards for admitting Southern states back into the Union
Review Question
What was the site of the last Civil War battle?
A. New Orleans B. Palmito Ranch C. Sabine Pass
Review Question
What was the site of the last Civil War battle?
A. New Orleans B. Palmito Ranch C. Sabine Pass
Review Question
What were black codes?
A. laws limiting the rights of African Americans after the Civil War
B. laws giving civil rights to newly freed African Americans
C. the 13th and 14th amendments
Review Question
What were black codes?
A. laws limiting the rights of African Americans after the Civil War
B. laws giving civil rights to newly freed African Americans
C. the 13th and 14th amendments
Good Luck on Your Test!!