The Civil War and Oliver Cromwell

presented by Eva Seifertová

Content The English Revolution

Charles I.

The Civil War

Oliver Cromwell

Summary

The English Revolution (1640-1658) Commonly divided into 4 periods:

-1st Parliamentary fight (1640- 1642)

(against the King Charles I.)

-2nd The Civil War (1642-1649)

-3rd The period of the Republic (1649-1653)

-4th Cromwell’s Protectorate (1653-1658)

Long lasting conflict (absolutism- Charles I. X Parliament);

-accompanied with religious unrest

Charles I. (1600-1649) Son of James I. (Stuart’s dynasty) Ruled in 1625; (reign 1625-1649) Huge Effort to rule absolutistic without parliament, he

follows his father’s steps 1629 dissolved the Parliament (Charles I. governed

without a Parliament 11 years) shortage of money (he needs Parliamentary permission

to raise taxes); he was forced by the shortage of funds to call Parliament in 1640

Money needed for building an army (religious rebellion in Scotland)

Unsuccessful negotiation (Charles I. X Parliament) 1642 armed conflict began (Charles I. with his army ran

into parliament building).

Charles I. of England

The Civil War (1642-49) Firstly, Charles I. was successful, ruled over the north of the country

3 main battles: 1644: Battle of Marston Moore (1st victory of parliament army;

Cromwell´s own army brought fame to him) 1645: Battle of Naseby ( the definitive victory of parliament,

Charles I. captured for the 1st time) 1648: Battle of Preston: (The king defeated and captured again) The King imprisoned, found guilty for treason and executed (beheaded). Refused all the accusations 2 Shirts Did not show any fear during the execution; died with nobleness.

The English Civil War:

The Main Battles

Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) Born in Huntington in 1599 1620 married Elizabeth Bourchier Aristocrat, leader of Independents (an important branch of

Puritans)- independents- the radical branch of Puritans; require a total

defeat of the King- Built own army (Armoured Cavalry; used own money) - The period of Republic (1649-53) Cromwell - leader of the

army, the most influential man in England- Defeated Levellers- the radical Puritans

1653 dissolved Parliament Cromwell´s Protectorate (1653-1658) he was given a title: Lord Protector

honest, kind, moral demands

Oliver Cromwell

Seized Ireland and Scotland

Refused to become the King for several times (offered by his army)

Loosing support of his army (at the end of his life) 1658 Cromwell died (plague, black death) He chose his son Richard as a successor Shortage of the army support led to his resignation as the Lord

Protector 1660 : Stuarts (Charles II.)

Summary

The Civil War impowerd Parliament, Puritans and their army

The end of the King´s radical absolutism

Greater religious freedom

Oliver Cromwell (the influential person, a military genius, successful conqueror – Ireland, Scotland, Jamaica)

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