The Civil War

1861-1865

Questions for Reading

• Who debated? What were they running for? What was the key issue they debated? Who won the election?

• What happened at Harpers Ferry?

Review

• What were the two ways that the U.S. acquired territory west of the Mississippi River?

• A = La. Purchase & War w/ Mexico.

• What was the significance of Marbury v. Madison?

• A = Established precedent of judicial review.

Mo Review• Describe the Pro-slavery argument.

• What was the Dred Scott case?

• What were the three compromises arrived at as the country expanded west?

• A = Missouri comp.; Comp. of 1850; and the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

Some Mo Review

• What was “Popular Sovereignty”?

• What was “Bleeding Kansas”?

• Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin and why was it upsetting to people In the South?

• Who were the two most famous abolitionists?

• A = Frederick Douglass and William Lloyd Garrison

Sectional Tension

• Westward Expansion and slavery.

• Remember:– Missouri Compromise– Compromise of 1850– Kansas-Nebraska Act

The Dred Scott Case (1857)

• Slave who sued for his freedom because he had been taken by his master to free states.

• Supreme Court ruled:– A. Slaves are not citizens.– B. Government does not have the

right to prevent slavery in territories (Missouri compromise is thus unconstitutional).

John Brown• Radical Abolitionist.

• Leads a raid on Harper’s Ferry (1859).

• Wanted to give weapons to slaves so they could rebel.

• Is captured and hung.

• Anti-slave people call him a martyr.

• South considers him to be crazy.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates• 1858 Senate race in Illinois.

• Series of debates between the candidates—Republican Abe Lincoln and Democrat Stephen Douglas.

• Main issue they debate is what to do about the issue of slavery in the western territories.

• Douglas win the election, but Lincoln becomes famous throughout the country.

Lincoln-Douglas Debates

The Election of 1860

• Abraham Lincoln, the Republican candidate for President, is against the extension of slavery into the western territories.

• Does not think blacks are equal to whites but thinks slavery is bad for white self-making.

• Some in the South say that they will secede (leave the Union) If he is elected President.

Election of 1860

Lincoln wins

• The South secedes.

• They form The Confederate Sates of America.

• Some southern “Border” states stay in the union.

The Beginning of the fighting

• South Carolina attacks Fort Sumter April 12, 1861.

Northern Advantages

• More Manufacturing

• More Railroads

• Larger Population

• Mo Money

Southern Advantages

• Better Military Leadership

• Can fight a Defensive war

• Fighting in cause they believe in.

• Cotton

Modern Warfare

• First “modern War.”

• Ironclads

• Landmines

• Repeating Weapons

• Improved artillery• Railroad & Telegraph

Northern Leaders

• Pres. Abe Lincoln

• Generals:

– U.S. Grant

– William T. Sherman

Southern Leaders

• President: Jefferson Davis

• General Robert E. Lee

Northern Goals

• Preserve the Union—NOT TO END SLAVERY

• Key Strategy—Naval Blockade

Draft Riots

• Both the Union and the Confederacy begin to draft soldiers.

• Rich people could buy their way out of it or hire substitutes.

• In New York, there were draft riots (mostly poor Irish).

The Emancipation Proclamation

• In 1862, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation that threatened to free slaves in any territory still in rebellion by 1863.

• Only takes effect as the Union army captures Confederate territory.

• Important symbolically because it now made the war about ending slavery.

Andersonville

• Southern Prisoner of War Camp

Facts about the Civil War

• 1861-1865— North Wins.

• More than 600,000 Americans die.

• Lincoln is assassinated

• Slaves are freed by 13th Amendment

• South Destroyed by “Total War.”

Lee Surrenders to Grant at Appomattox Court House

Review

• What was the cause of sectional tension between the North and the South?

• Who was John Brown and how was he viewed by the North and the South?

• What political party did Abe Lincoln belong to?

• What were Lincoln’s feelings about African Americans and Slavery?

• Why did the Southern states begin to secede?

• What was the beginning of fighting during the Civil War?

• What were the Northern advantages when the war broke out?

• What were the Southern advantages?

• Who was the President of the South during the Civil War?

• Why were there draft riots in the North?

• What was Andersonville?

• How did the “Emancipation Proclamation” change the purpose of the war?

• Who won the Civil War and what years was it fought?

• Describe the Dred Scott case.