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The Civil Rights Movement
May 1, 2009
_________ (1861-1865)
Was not fought to free the slaves Made no plans to incorporate blacks
into society
______________ (1865-1877)
Federal troops occupied the South Civil War Amendments were passed
13th
14th
15th
KKK – Ku Klux Klan
End of Reconstruction until Civil Rights Movement (1877 – 1954)
Dispute over the election of 1876 ended in a compromise – ________ would win the presidency if he agreed to end __________________
Federal troops withdrew (1877) Civil War amendments were
virtually ignored afterward
End of Reconstruction until Civil Rights Movement (1877 – 1954)
KKK disbanded ________________ – became new
slavery rent for land was paid with crops kept blacks poor, and in-debt tied blacks to the land and
landowners The following is a contract from North
Carolina, 1882:
Sharecropper’s Contract
To everyone applying to rent land upon shares, the following conditions must be read, and agreed to…
The sale of every cropper’s part of the cotton to be made by me when and where I choose to sell, and after deducting all they owe me and all sums that I may be responsible for on their accounts, to pay them their half of the net proceeds
End of Reconstruction until Civil Rights Movement (1877 – 1954)
______________laws _________segregation Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Separate but equal is legal
_________segregation
End of Reconstruction until Civil Rights Movement (1877 – 1954)
World War I Great Trek North – last hired, 1st
fired KKK returned
Depression high unemployment social problems rose _________ was a regular occurrence
End of Reconstruction until Civil Rights Movement (1877 – 1954)
World War II. Armed services segregated Many African-Americans served
with distinction Many African-Americans gained a
world view and less patience with segregation
Civil Rights Movement
Non-Violent modeled after non-violent
protests of ________________ resistance that was peaceful
but not always __________ depended on media coverage
and public support often resulted in violence
against the movement
Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
started as several cases involving segregation in public schools
consolidated as one case, and Linda Brown was 1st plaintiff alphabetically
argued by _______________in front of the Supreme Court
decision unanimous that separate was not equal and schools must be desegregated
applied to all aspects of segregation
Montgomery Bus Strike Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat
on the bus (Dec. 1, 1955) Led by __________, blacks boycotted the
buses for 13 months Nov. 1956 the Supreme Court struck
down Alabama’s segregation laws The bus company was nearly bankrupt
before they complied in 1957.
Little Rock 9 (Sept. 1957) 9 black students were to start school in all
white Central High white students and parents protested Governor __________ordered the
____________________________to prevent the students from entering the school
President _______________ ordered 1000 federal troops to Little Rock to restore order and escort the students to school
In 1958-59, _____________tried to close the school and send the white students to private schools. He was prevented by court order and eventually the schools were desegregated.
Of the “Little Rock 9”, 1 was expelled, the others graduated
Freedom Riders C.O.R.E. organized bus rides in 1961 States were ignoring recent court rulings
that demanded all ____________ bussing be integrated
One bus was fire-bombed in Anistan, Alabama
People were hauled off the bus and beaten in Montgomery, Al
In spite of that, continued rides until Jackson, Miss, where they were all arrested
1962
______________is enrolled as the first black at the University of Mississippi.
Two killed, many injured in riots
March on Washington
1963 250,000 people “I Have a Dream” Helped bring about the Civil Rights
Act of 1964 *delayed in 1963 due to Kennedy’s
assasination
____________________is signed by President Johnson
-----------------------------------------------**Outlaws separate standards for blacks & whites for voting
**Withholds federal funds for discrimination of facilities
**Outlaws discrimination in public facilities
Freedom Summer
1964 Northerner college students went
south to help AA to register to vote Many beaten and scared away 3 disappeared between
Bodies found in earthen dam several weeks later
Freedom Summer
Local police refuse to investigate of prosecute offenders
Later proven that police were directly involved in the killings
Initially only charges were federal, for Civil Rights violations
Voting Rights Act of 1965 is signed by President Johnson
**************************
Among other things, outlaws literacy tests
End of “Civil Rights Movement”
Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
Non-violent approach is replaced by more violent separatists movements
Urban riots become common & deadly
Bussing becomes the issue in early 1970’s
Affirmative Action – outlaws quotas but race & ethnicity can be a factor
1992 – Race riots in LA 1st in years, motivated by Rodney King beating
“Hate Laws” increase the penalties if racially motivated
The End!