The Circulatory System

Function

• It’s main function is Transportation • Blood is used as a transport vehicle

– transports oxygen, nutrients, cell waste (such as Carbon dioxide), hormones and antibodies vital to maintaining homeostasis to and from cells

Parts of the Circulatory System

• Divided into three major parts:– The Heart – The Blood Vessels – The Blood

The Major Organ-The Heart

• Heart acts as pump• The heart pumps 60-80 beats per minute (at

rest)• At REST, the heart pumps about 5 QUARTS of

blood a minute.• During EXTREME EXERTION (exercise) it can

pump 40 quarts a minute.

Structure

• Size of your fist • Large organ composed of

– cardiac muscle--called myocardium– Enclosed by a sac –called PERICARDIUM

– rich in mitochondria– 4 hollow chambers– Contain valves to keep blood flowing in ONE

direction

The pathway looks like a circle

• The heart, the lungs, and the blood vessels work together to form the circle part of the circulatory system.

The Chambers

• The heart has 4 hollow chambers • Upper chambers – atrium receives blood

coming in from the veins – Left & right Atrium

• Lower chambers - ventricle squeezes blood out into the arteries – Left & right ventricle

http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html

Collins I4 lines

• Describe the heart !!

Agenda 1/4/12 ---Day 6

• Review heart diagram• Do more heart diagrams• Heart interactive• Discuss Chapter 7 Test• Circulatory system worksheet (HW)

Double Pump

• The two ventricles are responsible for the pumping action of the heart

• Each chamber pumps blood out of the heart but to different pathways

• That is why the heart is considered to be a double pump

3 Kinds of Circulation:

• Pulmonary circulation• Coronary circulation• Systemic circulation

Pulmonary Circulation

• Movement of blood from the heart, to the lungs, and back to the heart again

Pulmonary Circulation Pathway

1. The right Atria receives oxygen poor blood from the body.

2. blood moves to the right ventricle where it is pumped out to the lungs via pulmonary arteries

3. O₂ is exchanged for CO₂ 4. Oxygen rich blood now leaves lungs and

returns to the heart

sln.fi.edu/biosci/systems/ pulmonary.html

Systemic Circulation

Supplies nourishment to all of the tissue located throughout the body , except for the heart

and lungs

THIS IS THE LARGEST PATHWAY OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM!

Systemic Circulation Pathway

• Oxygen rich blood returning from the lungs now enters the left atrium

• Moves through the valves to the left ventricle• The left ventricle pumps the oxygen rich blood

out the Aorta• The blood is then carried from aorta to blood

vessels delivering oxygen and nutrients to ALL tissues of the body

• Blood returns (oxygen poor) back to right atria

http://users.tpg.com.au/users/amcgann/body/circulatory.html

Coronary Circulation

• Coronary arteries branch immediately off the aorta and provide blood to the heart tissue

http://sln.fi.edu/biosci2/systems/

http://sln.fi.edu/biosci/systems/systemic.html

Blood Vessels

Hollow tubes that circulate your blood • Arteries• Veins• Capillaries

Arteries

• Carry blood AWAY from the heart• Heart pumps blood • Main artery called the aorta • Aorta divides and branches • Many smaller arteries • Each region of your body has system of

arteries supplying it with fresh, oxygen-rich blood.

SSR

• First 10 minutes

Capillaries

• Very thin• Only one cell thick• Connect arteries & veins• Food and oxygen released to the body cells • Carbon dioxide and other waste products

returned to the bloodstream

Veins

• Carry blood to the heart• Receive blood from the capillaries• Transport waste-rich/ oxygen-poor blood back

to the lungs and heart • Valves are located inside the veins • Allow blood to move in one direction

http://sln.fi.edu/biosci/systems/circulation.html

http://users.tpg.com.au/users/amcgann/body/circulatory.html

Overview of Blood Vessels

Blood composition

•Plasma• Formed elements

–RBC–WBC–Platelets

Other material

• O₂• CO₂• Nutrients• Antibodies• Hormones

Blood

• Carries nutrients, water, oxygen and waste products to and from your body cells.

• Hemoglobin, iron containing molecule• Loosely picks up oxygen in the lungs• Loses oxygen in areas low in oxygen (diffuses)

Blood

• Hemoglobin carries CO2 also

• CO2 is a waste product of cellular work

• 70% of CO2 combines with water

• The rest travels to the lungs

Blood – RBCs

• Red blood cells carry oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body.

• Takes carbon dioxide and transports it back to the lungs

• About 5,000,000 Red Blood Cells in ONE drop of blood.

http://hes.ucf.k12.pa.us/gclaypo/circdia.html

Blood – WBCs

• White blood cells protect the body from germs

• Attack and destroy germs when they enter the body

scienceu.fsu.edu www.merck.com/pubs/mmanual_home/ illus/167i2.htm

Blood – Platelets and Plasma

• Platelets are blood cells that help stop bleeding

• Plasma is the liquid part of the blood• About half of your blood is made of plasma• The plasma carries the blood cells throughout

the body• Plasma is made in the liver.

user.gru.net/clawrence/ vccl/chpt7/plate.htm

SUMMARY

copy and complete the following;

Arteries take blood ______ from the heart. The walls of an artery are

made up of thick _________ walls and elastic fibres. Veins carry blood

________ the heart and also have valves. The _________ link arteries

and veins, and have a one cell thick wall. Blood is made up of four main

things ______, the liquid part of the blood; Red Blood Cells to carry

______; White Blood cells to protect the body from disease and

_________ to help blood clot.

away

platelets

towards capillaries

plasma

oxygen

muscular

Some Disorders and Diseases of the Circulatory System

DISORDERS

• ATHEROSCLEROSIS– Fatty deposits called plaque– Builds up in walls of arteries– Obstructs flow– Also a risk if clot breaks free and blocks flow

elsewhere

Disorders (cont)

• Hypertension– High blood pressure– Hearts works harder than necessary– Increases risk of heart attack or stroke

Disorders (cont)

• Heart Attack– Atherosclerosis in coronary artery– Heart muscle begins to die

• Symptoms– Nausea– Shortness of breath– Severe chest pain

IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION NECESSARY

Disorders (cont)

• Stroke– Blood clot gets stuck in blood vessels leading to

brain– Brain cells die due to lack of oxygen

• Or blood vessel burst

– Can lead to paralysis, • loss of ability to speak• death

Collins I4 lines

• Describe the order of blood flow through the heart beginning with veins

• You can use your notes!

Agenda1/6/12—Day 2

• Heart model• Heat dissection• Review power point

1. The overall function of the circulatory system is

• A. Gas exchange• B. Transportation• C. Blood production• D. Clotting

2. The ___________ is the main organ of the circulatory system

• A. Heart• B. Blood Vessels• C. Blood• D. Lungs

3. The circuit that carries blood to and from all the cells is the

• A. Pulmonary Circulation• B. Coronary Circulation• C. Blood Circulation• D. Systemic Circulation

4. The circuit that carries blood to and from the lungs is the

• A. Pulmonary Circulation• B. Coronary Circulation• C. Blood Circulation• D. Systemic Circulation

5. The circuit that carries the blood to and from the heart itself

• A. Pulmonary Circulation• B. Coronary Circulation• C. Blood Circulation• D. Systemic Circulation

6. The “plumbing” of the circulatory system is the

• A. Heart• B. Lungs• C. Blood• D. Blood Vessels

7. The arteries carry blood

• A. Within the heart• B. Away from the heart• C. Toward the heart• D. Oxygen poor blood

8. _______ join arteries and veins

• A. Arterioles• B. Venules• C. Capillaries• D. Blood

9. The arteries are carrying

• A. Oxygen poor blood• B. Oxygen rich blood• C. Waste rich blood• D. Carbon dioxide rich blood

10. The ________ side of the heart deals with oxygen poor blood

• A. Right• B. Left

11. The oxygen poor blood enters the heart through

• A. Vena Cava's• B. Pulmonary arteries• C. Pulmonary Veins• D. Aorta

12. The __________ pump blood out of the heart

• A. Aorta• B. Pulmonary artery• C. Atria• D. Ventricles

13. The largest of the three circuits is the

• A. Pulmonary• B. Coronary• C. Systemic

14. Oxygen rich blood exits the lungs and enters

• A. Right atria• B. Left atria• C. Right ventricle• D. Left ventricle

15. The oxygen rich blood exits the heart through the

• A. Left atria• B. Pulmonary Artery• C. Aorta• D. Coronary Artery

16. The oxygen poor blood leaves the right ventricle through

• A. Left atria• B. Pulmonary Artery• C. Aorta• D. Coronary Artery

17. Gas exchange occurs in the

• A. Heart• B. Aorta• C. Superior Vena Cava's• D. Lungs

18. The superior Vena Cava is located

• A. Above the heart• B. Below the heart

19. Blood travels in one direction due to

• A. Blood flow• B. Blood vessels• C. The heart• D. Valves

20. How many chambers are located in the heart

• A. One• B. Two• C. Three• D. Four

21. The top chambers are called

• A. Ventricles• B. Atria

22. The bottom chambers are called

• A. Ventricles• B. Atria

23. What prevents the blood form mixing inside the heart?

24. How does material enter and exit the blood vessels?

25. Which answer shows the correct order of blood flow

• A. Vena cava's, r. ventricle, r. atria, pulmonary artery

• B. Vena cavas, l. atria, l. ventricle, pulmonary artery

• C. Vena cavas, r. atria, r. ventricle, pulmonary artery

• D. Vena cava's, aorta, pulmonary artery