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The chemists tools
Elements and the periodic table
Elements
Pure substances that cannot be separated into different substances by ordinary processes
Are the building blocks of matter
120 elements known todayExamples: carbon
goldcalcium
Symbols of Elements
Use 1 or 2 letter abbreviations Capitalise the first letter only
Examples:
C carbon Co cobalt
N nitrogen Ca calcium
F fluorine Br bromine
O oxygen Mg magnesium
Symbols from Latin Names
Element Symbol Latin name
Copper Cu cuprum
Gold Au aurum
Lead Pb plumbum
Mercury Hg hydrargyrum
Potassium K kalium
Silver Ag argentum
Sodium Na natrium
Tin Sn stannum
% Major Elements in the Body
O 65.0 % K 0.34
C 18.0 S 0.26
H 10.0 Na 0.14
N 3.0 Cl 0.14
Ca 1.4 Fe 0.004
P 1.0 Zn 0.003
Mg 0.50
Trace Elements
As, Cr, Co, Cu, F, I, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Si, V
Learning Check
Select the correct symbol for each:
A. Calcium
1) C 2) Ca 3) CA
B. Sulfur
1) S 2) Sl 3) Su
C. Iron
1) Ir 2) FE 3) Fe
Solution
Select the correct symbol for each:
A. Calcium
2) Ca
B. Sulfur
1) S
C. Iron
3) Fe
Learning Check
Select the correct name for each:
A. N
1) neon 2) nitrogen 3) nickelB. P
1) potassium 2) phlogiston3) phosphorus
C. Ag
1) silver 2) aegean 3) gold
Solution
Select the correct name for each:
A. N
2) nitrogen B. P
3) phosphorus
C. Ag
1) silver
Periodic Table
The periodic table is an arrangement of the elements according to similarities in their chemical and physical properties.
Physical Properties
The characteristics of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance.
ColorSizeShapeDensityFreezing and Boiling PointsOdor
Groups of Elements
Vertical columns on the periodic table
Similar physical properties
Similar chemical properties
Groups on the Periodic Table
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Representative Groups
Group 1 Alkali Metals
Group 2 Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 7 Halogens
Group 8 Noble Gases
Location of Some Groups
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Al mk ea tl ai l s
Alkaline
Halogens
I Gn ae sr et s
Periods on the Periodic Table
Horizontal rows from Group 1 to Group 8.
Numbered 1, 2, 3, ….
Include representative elements and transition
elements
Periods on the Periodic Table
1
2
3
4
5
6
Learning Check
A. Element in Group VIIA, Period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3
1) beryllium2) magnesium 3) boron
Solution
A. Element in Group 7A, period 4 1) Br
B. Element in Group 2A, Period 3
2) magnesium
Learning Check
A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4 1) Br 2) Cl 3) Mn
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3
1) beryllium2) magnesium 3) boron
C. Metals in Group IVA
1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn
D. Nonmetals in Group VA
1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb
Solution
A. Element in Group VIIA, period 4
1) Br
B. Element in Group IIA, Period 3
2) magnesium
C. Metals in Group IVA
1) Ge, Sn, Pb
D. Nonmetals in Group VA
2) N, P, As
Metals and Nonmetals
Metals Located to the left of the heavy line Shiny, ductileGood conductors of heat and electricity
Nonmetals Located to the right of the heavy lineDull and brittlePoor conductors, good insulators
Metals and Nonmetals
NONMETALS
METALS
METALS
Transition metals
Learning Check
Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:
A. sulphur ____
B. chlorine ____
C. sodium ____
D. iron ____
E. carbon ____
F. silver ____
Solution
Specify metal (1) or nonmetal (2) for each:
A. sulphur 2
B. chlorine 2
C. sodium 1
D. iron 1
E. carbon 2
F. silver 1
Learning Check
Select the correct elements:
A. Metals in Group IVA 1) Ge, Sn, Pb 2) C, Si 3) C, Si, Ge, Sn
B. Non-metals in Group VA1) As, Sb, Bi 2) N, P, As 3) N, P, As, Sb
Solution
A. Metals in Group 4A 1) Ge, Sn, Pb
B. Nonmetals in Group 5A2) N, P, As
