The chemistry of textiles - Devan

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© Devan Chemicals NV 2011 - Rev: 17/11/11

The Chemistry of TextilesAntimicrobial Finishes

N b 17th 2011

DEVAN CHEMICALS

November 17th 2011

Ing. Alain Langerock

Antimicrobial Finishes

Devan Chemicals

Microorganisms and Dust Mites

Typical Applications

AntimicrobialsAntimicrobials

The ægis™ Technology

Processing & Quality Control

Safety profile & Registrations

NEW: Multi-functional finish program

Conclusions

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The Devan Group

PROTECTING and MODIFYING PROTECTING and MODIFYING

TEXTILE SURFACES

creating new and innovative properties and functionality

taking into consideration

SUSTAINABILITY

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Sustainability strategy: 1990

Since 1990, Ecology has been the DNA of Devan

1995: Halogen-free flame retardants (Eco-flam™)

1999: Non migrating antimicrobial (ægis™ )

2001: Masterbatch for inherent performance properties (@2spin™)

2002: Non-chlorine wool shrink-resist (Dylan™)2002: Non chlorine wool shrink resist (Dylan )

2005: Environmentally more acceptable insect resist (insecta™)

2008: Reactive capsules (no need of binders) (Thermic™)

2011: Reactive multi-functional finishes (&Fresh™)

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The teamHighly qualified, technically driven company

60% Graduates in appropriate disciplines60% Graduates in appropriate disciplines• Chemistry • Textile technology • Marketing• Finance and administration

40 % of staff works in R&D

10% of turnover invested in R&D (internal & external)

We are not a chemical company, but a technology company.

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Global thinking, local acting…

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Devan Offices Production Centers Technical Service and/or Warehouse

7

The Use of Antimicrobials in TextilesThe Use of Antimicrobials in Textiles

De an ChemicalsDevan Chemicals


Typical ApplicationsTypical Applications

Antimicrobials




l f l f h NEW: Multi-functional finish program

Conclusions

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Microorganisms

FungiBacteria Algae

Microorganisms are single-celled organisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye

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Microbes

To find virtually everywherey y

In the air we breath

On our skin and bodies

In the soil

On practically all surfaces

around us

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Microbial growth

Microbes require certain conditions to grow such asq g

Food (dirt, fibre, perspiration)Warm temperaturesWarm temperaturesMoisture (humidity, spills)Surface (skin, fabric)

Our modern life and work style are beneficial for microbial growthfor microbial growth.

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Microbes

Microbial growth can result inObjectionable Odours

Unsightly stains

Product deteriorationProduct deterioration

Loss in Storage and Transport

Disease and Infection

Allergenic responses

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Dust mites

D t h id t i

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Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus

Dust mites

Major cause of

llAllergies

Skin irritations

AsthmaAsthma

Other respiratory diseases

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Dust mites

S id lik i l (8 l )

… what is a dust mite?

Spider like animal (8 legs)

Size 0.1 – 0.5 mm (not visible by eye)

Nutrition: Skin scales and fungiNutrition: Skin scales and fungi

Ideal living condition:

15-30°C and 55-85% relative humidity: Bedding,

Upholstery, Carpets,…

Proliferation

th h b t 150 i lif l through about 150 eggs in a life cycle,

Life duration: ca. 2-4 months

Problem: excrements contain allergen ‘DerP1’

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g

Dust mites

Dust & allergens

Human being

Skin scales

Drying out

Skin scales

Home textilesmicro fungi A repensA. repens

Warmth & humidity

excrementsDust mite

y

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Dust mites

An antimicrobial technology eliminates the Aspergillus repens and thus breaks the dust mite's food chain.

An antimicrobial technology is not a insecticide or a pesticide.An antimicrobial technology prevents the growth of dust mites An antimicrobial technology prevents the growth of dust mites populations through interruption of their nutrition chain.

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Antimicrobials





Conclusions

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Benefits of an antimicrobial technology

Long-lasting freshness

Eliminates the smells created by yeast fungus and bacteria by yeast, fungus and bacteria in the product

Controls or eliminates i bi l i i f h microbial staining of the

treated article

Eliminates Dust MitesEliminates Dust Mites

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Typical textile applications

Socks hosiery footwearSocks, hosiery, footwear

Underwear

SportswearSportswear

Shirts

Work wear

Towels

Outdoor Equipment

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Typical bedding applications

Bedding articlesg

Mattress ticking

M tt i t li iMattress interlining

Mattress protection

Bed sheetsBed sheets

Pillows & Quilts

Filling fibre (Fibrefill)Filling fibre (Fibrefill)

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Antimicrobials





Conclusions

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Antimicrobial agents

Capable of destroying or suppressing the growth of micro-organisms. Differ in their:

Chemical NatureMode of operationDurabilityyEffectivenessSafetyCostVerificationRegistrations

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Mode of action

Migrationfrom substrate to bacteria

No migrationmechanical process

for antimicrobial action for antimicrobial action

Conventional organic and i i ti b t

™

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inorganic active substances

Migrating antimicrobials

Diffuse from the substrate to the microbeDiffuse from the substrate to the microbe

Leach or migrate out of the substrate into the Leach or migrate out of the substrate into the

environment

Are consumed by micro-organisms

Chemically interrupt (poison) the cell

May cause adaptive micro-organisms

Leach out in contact with water or humid

conditions

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Zone of inhibition in Agar diffusion tests

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Antimicrobial active substances that require

Bis chlorinated phenols (triclosan)

Antimicrobial active substances that require migration for their action are for example:

Bis chlorinated phenols (triclosan)

Organo tins (i.e.TBT)

Heavy metals organo complexes (Pb Hg As )Heavy metals organo complexes (Pb,Hg,As,…)

Water Soluble Quats

Ag & CU Zeolitesg

Biguanide

Chitin

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Non migrating antimicrobials

Are bounded to the substrate and require aAre bounded to the substrate and require acontact by the microbe

Are bonded to the product surface

Are not consumed by micro-organisms

Mechanically interrupts (stabs) the cell wall

Remain functional for the life of the product

Will not cause adaptive micro-organisms

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De an Chemicals & ÆGIS En ironmentsDevan Chemicals & ÆGIS Environments



Antimicrobials





Conclusions

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The ægis™ technology

Only the microorganisms which are in contact with the substrate will be deactivated, not the beneficial microorganisms living on our skin., g g

ægis™

Microorganism

ægis™

Fibre

Attraction Perforation Deactivation

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3-(Trihydroxysilyl) propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammoniumchloride

Anchor

Reacts with

⊕

Cell

Aliphatic C18 chainLipophilic properties (loves fat)Reacts with

fibre and itself

DurabilityDurability

Cell wall

AttractionAttraction DisruptionDisruption

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3-(Trihydroxysilyl) propyl dimethyloctadecyl ammoniumchloride

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Bonding to the textile and cross-linking with itself

H CCH2

H2CCH2

H2CCH2

H2CCH3

H CCH2

H2CCH2

H2CCH2

H2CCH3

H CCH2

H2CCH2

H2CCH2

H2CCH3

H CCH2

H2CCH2

H2CCH2

H2CCH3

CH2

H2CCH2

H2CCH2

H2CCH2

H2C

CH2

H2CCH2

H2CCH2

H2CCH2

H2C

CH2

H2CCH2

H2CCH2

H2CCH2

H2C

CH2

H2CCH2

H2CCH 2

H2CCH 2

H2C

H2CCH2

CH2

H2CCH2

H2CN CH3H3C

H2CCl-

H2CCH2

CH2

H2CCH2

H2CN CH3H3C

H2CCl-

H2CCH2

CH2

H2CCH2

H2CN CH3H3C

H2CCl-

H2CCH2

CH2

H2C2

H2CN CH 3H3C

H2CCl-

O Si O Si O Si O Si O

O OOO

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Polymerisation: monomer => polymer

The ægis™ technology is based on the fixation of a non migrating permanent coating on the fibresp g

ægis™

Fibre

ægis™

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The cell membrane

Microbe

Cell membrane

C18

Phospholipids = FatNegative Charge

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Cell membrane

fatfat

lipophilicNeg. charge

Pos. chargePos. charge

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The microorganisms are killed by two actions:1) Electrical short-cut: Neg. et Pos. meet

2) Physically disrupts the cell membrane through physical penetration

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2) Physically disrupts the cell membrane through physical penetration

The ægis™ technology™

There are approximately 25.000 swords available for 1 microorganism.

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The ægis™ technology =

Non-toxic and respect for the environment

The chemical bonding causes the surface to become antimicrobially active

• No migration to the skin

• No migration to the No migration to the environment

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Cell wall disruption

untreated ™

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Antimicrobials





Conclusions

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Qualitative 1 minute test

Bromophenol blue (BPB) staining teststaining test

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Blue test kit

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Antimicrobials





Conclusions

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Safety profile

Excellent skin tolerance (OECD 406, HRIPT)

Free of heavy metals, Silver, TBT, Formaldehyde, Triclosan ArsenicTriclosan, Arsenic,…

Non toxic to waste water bacteria (activated sludge) to and biodegradable (OECD 209 and 302B

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Registrations

Unique registration profile

C.A.S., Nr. 27668-52-6

BPD Notification in Europe, Nr. N605

EPA in the USA, Nr. 64881-2

Öko-Tex Standard 100, Class 1-4 (ed. 01/07)

Only product registered for Belgian Market Nr 6606BOnly product registered for Belgian Market, Nr. 6606B

Canada PMRA # 28541 (DSL)

Japan ENCS # 2-2095X

Australia AICS

Korea ECL # KE-34384

China: Listed in approved chemical Inventory

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pp y





Antimicrobials





Conclusions

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Multi-functional finishes: “& Fresh”

TM

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Antimicrobials





Conclusions

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Conclusion

Active Freshness: stops bacterial and fungal growth

Feature and benefits for the end consumer

Active Freshness: stops bacterial and fungal growth, the major cause of most fabric odour problems.

Active Hygiene: controls the development of dust mites by destroying some fungi necessary dust mites by destroying some fungi necessary in the dust mite's food chain.

Permanent: Durable for the useful life of most products.

Not a chemical poison: No arsenic heavy metals or polychlorinated phenols Not a chemical poison: No arsenic, heavy metals, or polychlorinated phenols, unmatched safety profile: not harmful for human or environment

No Migration: Won't leach into the environment or transfer to other articles or to the skin - no "zone of inhibition".the skin no zone of inhibition .

Multi-functional finishes: Moisture management, shape retention & after wash appearance

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The chemistry of textiles - Devan