The Chemistry of Life

Chapter 2, Section 1The Nature of Matter

(p. 35-39)

Atomic Structure

The Periodic Table

Periodic Table Boxes

Electrons

• Electrons orbit the nucleus at various distances (shells/orbitals)• First shell:

• Second shell:

• Third shell:

Electrons

• Total number of electrons

• Valence electrons

Chemical Compounds

Ionic Bond

Covalent Bond

Chapter 2, Section 2Properties of Water

(p. 40-43)

The Water Molecule

Hydrogen Bonds

The Result of Hydrogen Bonds

• Adhesion • Cohesion

High Surface Tension

High Specific Heat

Less Dense as a Solid

The Universal Solvent

• Water is usually found as a mixture

• Solution

• Suspension

The pH Scale

• Water molecules can react to form ions:

• The pH scale measures:

The pH Scale

• Acidic:

• Basic:

Chapter 2, Section 3Carbon Compounds

(p. 44-48)

Carbon

• Atomic building block for all organisms

• Forms single, double, & triple covalent bonds

• It can bond with itself to form:

Macromolecules

Carbohydrates

• Made up of:

• Monomer name:

• Polymer name:

Carbohydrate Examples

Lipids

• Made up of:

• Monomer name:

• Polymer name:

Lipids

Lipid Examples

Nucleic Acids

• Made up of:

• Monomer name:

• Polymer name:

Nucleic Acid Examples

Proteins

• Made up of:

• Monomer name:

• Polymer name:

Amino Acids

Examples of Proteins

Protein Folding

Chapter 2, Section 4Chemical Reactions & Enzymes

(p. 49-53)

Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions Activation Energy:

Two types of chemical reactions: Exothermic

Endothermic

Catalysts

Enzymes

Enzymes are a type of protein that:

Enzyme Structure

Enzymes at Work

Types of Enzymes

• Catalyzes the breaking down of molecules• Examples:

• Lipase

• Lactase

• Protease

• Amylase

• Catalyzes the joining of molecules• Examples:

• DNA Polymerase

• DNA Ligase