Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The Cell
Moretz, 2015
Biology
Outline
The Cell Theory
Cell Structure
Prokaryote vs. Eukaryote
Plant vs. Animal
Organelles, structure and function
Movement through the Cell
Cell membrane
Passive transport
Osmosis
Diffusion
Active transport
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Types of Cells
HistoryBefore Microscopes, people believed
diseases were caused by curses and supernatural spirits.
Cells the basic unit of structure and
function in living things/organisms.
building blocks from which all living things are made.
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Dutch 1600’s
Invented microscope
Used simple (one lens) microscope and natural light to view objects.
Robert Hooke
English Scientist (lived at the same time as Leeuwenhoek) 1665.
Discovered cells while looking at cork. (dead cells of oak bark)
Matthias Schleiden
German scientist 1830’s
Observed plants and concluded that plants are made up of cells.
Theodore Schwann
German Scientist
Observed animals and concluded that animals are made up of cells.
The Cell Theory
1) All living things are composed of cells.
2) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things.
3) New cells are produced from existing cells.
Cells
Unicellular –organism made up of only 1 cell
Cells
Multicellular –organism made up of more than 1 cell
Cells
Unicellular or multicellular?
Cells
Cells
Types:
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Animal cells
Plant cells
Cells
All cells contain:
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Genetic information (DNA)
Comparison between
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
PROKARYOTES
No Nucleus
No membrane bound organelles
1-10 μm in size
Evolved 3.5 billion years ago
Only bacteria
EUKARYOTES
Nucleus
Many membrane bound organelles
2-100 μm in size
Evolved 1.5 billion years ago
All other cells
Prokaryote
Prokaryote Cells
Cells missing a nucleus and organelles.
DNA is in a single circle (plasmid).
All bacteria are prokaryotes.
All prokaryotes are unicellular.
Eukaryote
Have nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Eukaryote
Eukaryotes may be unicellular or multicellular
Eukaryote
Two types: Animal cells
Plant cells
Eukaryote
Animal Cells
Eukaryotic cell that does not contain a:
cell wall
large vacuole
Chloroplasts
Does NOTphotosynthesize.
Animal Cells
Plant Cells
Eukaryotic cell that contains:
large vacuole
Cell wall
chloroplasts
Photosynthesizes.
Plant Cells
Cell Parts
Cytoplasm
Found in all cells.
Semi-liquid medium that makes up the most of the cell.
Contains enzymes & nutrients that help reactions occur.
Cell Parts
Cell Membrane
Structure surrounding all cells.
Controls what molecules may enter and/or exit the cell.
Cell Parts
Ribosomes
Found in all cells.
Produces proteins.
Cell Parts
DNA
Found in all cells.
Contains the genetic information required for life.
1 circular strand in prokaryotes.
Many linear (double helix) strands in eukaryotes.
Cell Parts
Nucleus
Found in all eukaryotes.
Membrane bound structure that contains DNA.
Cell Parts
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Found in all eukaryotes.
Passageway in which proteins travel after being produced by ribosomes.
Produces new membranes.
Cell Parts
Golgi Apparatus
Found in all eukaryotes.
Packaging center for proteins and other cell products leaving the cell.
Cell Parts
Lysosome Found in
animal cells.
Digests food molecules.
Destroys worn-out cell parts.
May destroy the cell.
‘Suicide sac.’
Cell Parts
Mitochondria
Found in all eukaryotes.
Site of respiration.
Cell Parts Chloroplast
Found only in plant cells.
Site of photosynthesis.
Contains the pigment chlorophyll.
Appears green
Cell Parts
Plastids
Contain pigments
Produce chemicals for cells
In plant cells only
Cell Parts
Vacuole
Found in all eukaryotes.
Very large in plant cells.
Small organelles in animal cells.
Storage area for water and nutrients.
Cell Parts
Cell Wall
Found only in plant cells.
Adds structure and support to the cell.
Cell Parts
Centrioles
Moves chromosomes (DNA) around the cell during cell division.
In animal cells only
Movement of the Cell
Flagella
Whip-like tail used to move the cell.
Movement of the Cell
Cilia
Small, hair-like projections surrounding the cell. Used to move the cell.
