The Catholic Church in the The Catholic Church in the Middle AgesMiddle Ages

The church was The church was very powerful. It very powerful. It claimed power claimed power over all religious over all religious and and secularsecular (non-religious)(non-religious) parts of life.parts of life.

I. I. Reasons for the Church’s PowerReasons for the Church’s Power

A. FaithA. Faith1. The church 1. The church

represented God.represented God.

2. Religion united 2. Religion united people.people.

3. The church could 3. The church could send you to Heaven send you to Heaven or Hell.or Hell.

4. If you didn’t obey 4. If you didn’t obey Canon LawCanon Law you you could be could be excommunicatedexcommunicated..

Canon LawCanon Law-- church law; the church church law; the church had its own courtshad its own courts

ExcommunicationExcommunication--

exclusion (being kicked out) of the exclusion (being kicked out) of the church, you can’t receive church, you can’t receive sacraments (sacred rituals of the sacraments (sacred rituals of the Church) or a Christian burial and Church) or a Christian burial and are Shunned (rejected).are Shunned (rejected).

Interdict-Interdict-excommunication of an entire area or excommunication of an entire area or

kingdom. This happened when a noble or kingdom. This happened when a noble or king violated canon law.king violated canon law.

II. WealthII. Wealth

A. Nobles often left land to the church A. Nobles often left land to the church when they died.when they died.

B. Church wealth increased through B. Church wealth increased through tithes tithes (church “tax” or donation; 10%) (church “tax” or donation; 10%)

III. LearningIII. Learning

A.A. Rulers used Rulers used CClergylergy (religious (religious officials) officials) to keep to keep records.records.

B. The church B. The church preserved learning.preserved learning.

Pope (1 head)

  

       

Bishops

(2946 diocese, cathedrals)        

 

Priests

(219,583 parishes)        

Catholics (1 Billion members)

Church HierarchyChurch Hierarchy

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Pope Francis (Latin: Franciscus; Italian: Francesco; born Jorge Mario Bergoglio,[b] 17 December 1936) is Pope of the Catholic Church, a title he holds ex officio for being the Bishop of Rome, in which capacity he is also the absolute sovereign of the Vatican City State.

Born in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Bergoglio worked briefly as a chemical technician and nightclub bouncer before beginning seminary studies.[2] He was ordained a Catholic priest in 1969 and from 1973 to 1979 was Argentina's Provincial superior of the Society of Jesus. He became the Archbishop of Buenos Aires in 1998 and was created a cardinal in 2001 by Pope John Paul II.

Following the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI on 28 February 2013, a papal conclave elected Bergoglio as his successor on 13 March. He chose Francis as his papal name in honor of Saint Francis of Assisi. Francis is the first Jesuit pope, the first from the Americas, the first from the Southern Hemisphere and the first non-European pope since the Syrian Gregory III in 741, 1,272 years earlier.[3]

From Wikipedia

IV. CorruptionIV. Corruption

A. Corruption grew with A. Corruption grew with wealth and power.wealth and power.

B. The clergy lived in B. The clergy lived in luxury & ignored vows.luxury & ignored vows.

C. This led to C. This led to reform reform (change for the (change for the better)better)..

SummarySummary

1. Living on manors isolated people from 1. Living on manors isolated people from each other.each other.

2. Shared beliefs keep people united during 2. Shared beliefs keep people united during difficult times.difficult times.

3. The goal was salvation (a life in heaven).3. The goal was salvation (a life in heaven).

4. The church had power because they 4. The church had power because they controlled the sacraments.controlled the sacraments.

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POWER STRUGGLESPOWER STRUGGLESKings vs. Nobles vs. ChurchKings vs. Nobles vs. Church

It’s a Triple Threat Match!DON’T WRITE!

AnglosAnglos – a Germanic – a Germanic tribe (this is where tribe (this is where “England” comes “England” comes from)from)SaxonsSaxons – a – a Germanic tribeGermanic tribe

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The Anglos and Saxons invade England

In 1066, the Anglo-In 1066, the Anglo-Saxon Saxon King King EdwardEdward died died without an heir.without an heir.

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His brother-in-His brother-in-law, law, HaroldHarold, was , was chosen to rule.chosen to rule.

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But But Duke William Duke William of Normandyof Normandy, ,

France also France also claimed the claimed the

English throne!English throne!

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The Norman invasion was the The Norman invasion was the last time England was ever last time England was ever invaded.invaded.

All kings and queens of All kings and queens of England, including Queen England, including Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Elizabeth II and Prince William, are direct William, are direct descendants of William the descendants of William the Conqueror and his wife Conqueror and his wife MatildaMatilda

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I. Royal Power inI. Royal Power in EnglandEngland

William the William the Conqueror created Conqueror created the the Domesday Domesday Book- Book- took a census took a census for tax collectingfor tax collecting

Henry II (King in 1154 CE)Henry II (King in 1154 CE)

II. Noble’s PowerII. Noble’s Power

A. A. Common LawCommon Law-- law that is the same law that is the same for all peoplefor all people

B. B. Jury SystemJury System-- trial by peers trial by peers

C.C. In 1215, nobles force In 1215, nobles force King John to sign the King John to sign the Magna CartaMagna Carta or or Great Charter (63 Great Charter (63 clauses)clauses)

Monarch must obey law Monarch must obey law & protects people’s & protects people’s rights (limited the king’s rights (limited the king’s power)power)

D. ParliamentD. Parliament- a - a representative representative

governing body governing body

One of the most photographed buildings in the European Union is the British Parliament.  Tourists from around the world adore this magnificent symbol of freedom and democracy.  The UK Parliament Buildings are located on the River Thames near

Whitehall.

(like our (like our Congress!)Congress!)

E. E. Power of the Power of the Purse-Purse- Parliament Parliament controls the money controls the money for war and taxesfor war and taxes

Don’t write!Don’t write!III. Church PowerIII. Church Power

Several popes clashed with kings Several popes clashed with kings over who had more power. Popes over who had more power. Popes usually excommunicated the ruler or usually excommunicated the ruler or placed their kingdom under an placed their kingdom under an interdict to force them to recognize interdict to force them to recognize papal supremacy.papal supremacy. The pope even The pope even had his own private army to carry out had his own private army to carry out “God’s will.”“God’s will.”

SUMMARY:SUMMARY:

All of the above came All of the above came about because of the about because of the clash between kings, clash between kings, feudal lords, and the feudal lords, and the

church. Each wanted church. Each wanted more power than the more power than the

other.other.

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