The Carradeux Community Vitalization Program Financial ... · The Carradeux Community Vitalization Program Financial Model and Governance Structure Written and Produced by James Raymond

The Carradeux Community Vitalization ProgramFinancial Model and Governance Structure

Written and Produced by

James RaymondCRS Program Director - CCVP

Mariana Vázquez del Mercado CastroCordaid Process Manager - CCVP

Anya Brickman RaredonPrincipal - Affordable Housing Institute

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An"Integrated"Financial"Solution:!! !

The!Carradeux!Community!Vitalization!Project!!Financial!Model!and!Governance!Structure!

Contents!!

Introduction:+..........................................................................................................................+4!

Key+Actors:+.............................................................................................................................+6!

Glossary:+.................................................................................................................................+7!

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General'Information'about'the'CCVP'Pilot'Project:+.....................................................+9!What'are'CCVP’s'main'objectives?!.....................................................................................................!9!

How'is'this'different'from'other'Housing'Projects?!...........................................................................!9!

What'is'the'target'population'of'the'CCVP'Pilot?!..............................................................................!9!

Why'Carradeux?'What'criterion'was'used'to'select'it?!...................................................................!11!

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Section'1:''Feasibility'Assessment'of'Potential'Sites'and'Communities+..............+13!'

Section'2:''Establishing'a'Project’s'Cost'Parameters:+.........................................+14!Step'1:'Defining'the'Socioeconomic'Capacities'of'the'Target'Population:!.....................................!15!

Step'2:''Analyzing'Community'Data'and'Determining'Monthly'Incomes:!......................................!16!

Step'3.'Using'Monthly'Incomes'to'Define'Affordable'Monthly'Housing'Payments:!......................!16!

Step'4.'Establishing'Housing'Construction'Budgets'and'Available'Subsidies:!................................!17!

Step'5.'Defining'the'Cost'of'the'Project:!...........................................................................................!18!

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Section'3:'Design+..............................................................................................................+20!The+First+Pillar:+Community+Engagement!....................................................................................!20!

Step'1:'Developing'Criteria'for'Selecting'Participating'Communities'for'Projects:!........................!21!

Step'2:'Connecting'with'the'Community'and'Detailed'Diagnostic:!.................................................!22!

The+Second+Pillar:+The+Financial+Model!......................................................................................!26!

Step'1.'Using'Market'Research'to'Define'the'Local'Lending'Landscape:!........................................!27!

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Step'2.'Creating'an'Affordable'Framework'of'Terms'for'Lending'and'Repayment:!.......................!28!

Step'3.'Defining'Qualification'Criteria:!.............................................................................................!32!

The+Third+Pillar:+A+Legal+Process+to+Secure+Land+Tenure++

A+Lease+to+the+Developer!.............................................................................................................!34!

The+Fourth+Pillar:+Participatory+Design+Solutions!.......................................................................!37!

Comprehensive,'Participatory'Housing'Model'Design:!...................................................................!38!

Conceptualization'of'Housing:!..........................................................................................................!39!

The'Housing'Design'Considerations'of'CCVP:!...................................................................................!40!

Comprehensive,'Participatory'Urban'Planning:!...............................................................................!40!

The'Environmental'Design'Considerations'of'CCVP:!........................................................................!41!

From'Design'Development'to'Construction'Drawings:!....................................................................!42!

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Section'4:'Implementation+................................................................................+43!The+First+Pillar:+Community+Engagement+Introduction+to+a+Housing+Association!.....................!43!

Community'Engagement'and'Training'in'Savings'and'Credit:!........................................................!44!

Introducing'the'Governance'Structure'of'the'Loan:'The'Housing'Association:!...............................!44!

Implementation'Sequence'for'Meetings'and'Registration:!.............................................................!45!

The+Second+Pillar:+The+Financial+Model++

Savings+Transactions+to+qualify!...................................................................................................!46!

The+Third+Pillar:+Legal+process+to+Secure+Land+Tenure++

Transfer+of+Right+to+Use+to+Individual+Members!.........................................................................!49!

The+Fourth+Pillar:+Participatory+Design+Solutions+Construction!.................................................!51!

Pricing'Construction'and'Scope'of'Work'for'Contractors:!...............................................................!52!

Bidding'of'Construction'Drawing'Implementation'by'Local'Contractors:!.......................................!52!

Implementation'of'Construction:!.....................................................................................................!54!

Supervision'of'Construction:!.............................................................................................................!54!

Inspection'of'Completed'Construction:!............................................................................................!55!

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Section'5:'Repayment'and'Enforcement!...............................................................!57!Offtake:++Issuing+a+Loan+to+Selected+Housing+Customers!.................................................................!57!

A'System'of'Debt'Protection'and'Enforcing'Repayment'Obligations:!.............................................!60!

Requesting'a'Waiver'(Pre[Penalty):!.................................................................................................!60!

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Housing'Association'Penalty'System:!...............................................................................................!61!

Substitutions:!....................................................................................................................................!61!

Lender'Established'Penalty'System:!.................................................................................................!61!

What'happens'when'the'loan'is'fully'repaid?!..................................................................................!61!

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The+Annexes+.....................................................................................................+62!Introduction:!...........................................................................................................................................!62!

Annex'1:'Example'of'a'Family!..........................................................................................................!63!

Annex'2:'Market'Research!................................................................................................................!65!

Annex'3:'Integrated'Diagrams!.........................................................................................................!73!

Annex'4:'Socioeconomic'Survey'Template'(With'Carradeux'Results)!.............................................!81!

Annex'5:'Legal'Agreements!............................................................................................................!102!

Annex'6:'Example'Occupancy'Inspection'Checklist!........................................................................!133!

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Introduction:!In!order!to!create!sustainable!selfKrecovery!in!the!country!of!Haiti,!longKterm!development!and!investment!must!be!fostered,!nurtured,!and!expanded,!at!multiple!scales,!through!existing!and!new!businesses,!production,!and!infrastructure.!!This!expansion!and!growth,!to!date,!is!greatly!hindered!by!the!lack!of!credit!access!for families!and!businesses.!!Without!an!avenue!for!its!citizens!to!reliably!finance!economic!activity!and!growth,!the!Haitian!economy!exists!in!an!artificially!suppressed!environment.!!

Two!key!factors!have!come!together!to!create!the!current!credit!landscape:!

1. The'Informal'Economy:!!The!vast!majority!of!all!dayKtoKday!economic!activities,!particularly!in!small!scale!businesses,!take!place!in!an!informal,!cashKbased!system,!outside!of!the!ability!of!the!formal!financial!sector!to!track.!!The!results!are!households!and!businesses!with!regular!cash!incomes!that!must!save!in!order!to!pay,!up!front,!the!full!cost!of!any!improvement!to!their!homes!or!businesses.!!By!its!very!nature,!this!“payKasKyouKgo”!system!limits!the!ability!to!increase!employment!and!development!in!meaningful!ways,!in!both!the!short!and!long!terms.!!

2. !Lack'of'Verifiable'Risk'Data:!!Because!of!the!nature!of!a!cashKbased!economy,!formal!financial!institutions!lack!verifiable!data!to!assess!potential!risks!and!rewards!to!lending.!!Banks!in!Haiti!cannot!reliably!determine!what!kinds!of!financial!products!will!be!properly!repaid,!both!by!lowerKincome!households,!and!by!smaller!businesses.!!Because!of!this,!the!lending!that!is!currently!offered!comes!paired!with!repayment!terms!and!conditions!that!few!borrowers!can!meet.!!This!reinforces!the!cashKbased!system,!since!smallerKscale!borrowers!cannot!see!a!benefit!to!working!with!a!formal!lender,!and!continues!the!suppressive!economic!cycle.!!

How!can!private!and!public!sector!actors!help!to!break!this!vicious!cycle!and!stimulate!development!lending?!!How!can!Haiti,!as!a!national!economy,!make!the!fiscal!selfKassessments!required!in!order!to!achieve!affordable,!sustainable,!and!socially!responsible!recovery?!

In!late!2013,!Catholic!Relief!Services!(CRS),!Cordaid,!and!The!Affordable!Housing!Institute!(AHI)!sought!to!answer!these!questions,!through!market!research,!community!interactions,!capacity!assessments,!and!government!negotiations.!These!organizations!came!together,!respectively!bringing!construction,!community!engagement!and!finance!expertise,!to!develop!an!integrated!solution.!The intention was for this work to!be!piloted!and!fieldKtested!using!a!participatory!approach!with!an!existing,!wellKorganized!community!(Carradeux)!that!developed!as!a!direct!result!of!the!January!2010!earthquake.!!The!target!community!would!use!this!new!financial!model!to!purchase!new!homes.!!This!pilot!became!known!as!the!Carradeux!Community!Vitalization!Program,!or!CCVP.!!

!The!ultimate,!longKterm!goal!of!CCVP!was!to!pilot!a!financial!structure!that!would!allow!individual!families,!communities,!and!businesses!with!regular,!albeit!informal,!incomes!to!qualify!with!formal!lenders!for!access!to!the!credit!they!need!through!a!collective!mechanism.!!This!private!sector oriented!solution!would!achieve!affordability!for!the!borrower!while!demonstrating!the!profitability!and!market!potential!for!the!formal!financial!sector.!!Lastly,!this!solution!would!be!designed!for!flexibility,!allowing!it!to!be!scaled!or!tailored!for!use!in!different!communities!for!different!applications!and!with!different!development!actors.!

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The!objective!of!this!document!is!to!define!the!mechanisms!and!governance!structures!created!within!CCVP’s!replicable!financial!model.!!This!document!shall!register!the!case!and!the!processes!followed,!as!well!as!explain,!in!detail,!all!of!the!steps!required!for!understanding!and!replicating!the!model!in!a!comprehensive!and!integrated!way.!!Included!in!these!pages!are!graphics!depicting!activities!and!requirements!used!in the CCVP!financial!model!for!housing,!as!well!as!examples!of!contracts!and!agreements!used!to!organize!the!actors!within!the!model.!!

!Diagram!depicting!the!activities!that!form!the!CCVP!Financial!Model!

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This!document!is!published!with!the!hope!that!the!lessons!learned!and!agreements!achieved!in!the!pilot!can!be!employed!by!other!actors,!in!every!corner!of!the!country,!allowing!Haitian!families!and!Haitian!businesses!to!achieve!their!full!potential.!!

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Key!Actors: !!

Role! Responsibility! CCVP!Community!Organizer! Responsible!to!assess!and!manage!

all!the!community!engagement!processes,!to!support!the!implementation!of!the!financial!model.!

CRS!and!Cordaid!

Developer! Responsible!for!managing!to!overall!processes!of!planning!and!construction.!Taking!initial!possession!of!the!land!(lease!or!purchase)!and!sourcing!the!financing!as!necessary.!

Development!Foundation!(CRS!and!Cordaid)!

Lender! Provides!capital!for!financing!the!project.!

Private!Investor!

Loan!Servicer! Financial!Institution!that!manages!accounts!and!transactions!related!to!the!loans.!

Local!Bank!

Community! The!group!of!families!that!have!the!capacity!and!the!willingness!to!participate!in!the!project.!

Carradeux!Community!

Borrower! The!homeowners!association!or!other!collective!legal!entity!comprised!of!the!families!who!have!qualified!to!purchase!a!house.!

Home!Owners!Association!

Contractor!Builder! Responsible!for!executing!the!construction!of!the!designs!defined!by!the!developer.!!

Local!Company!chosen!through!an!open!bid!process.!

Land!Owner! Individual!or!entity!responsible!to!transfer!the!right!of!use!or!ownership!to!developer!and!new!residents.!

Government!of!Haiti.!!

Urban!and!Architectural!Design!

Responsible!for!the!design!development!and!construction!documentation!for!the!developer.!

Local!Company!chosen!through!an!open!bid!process.!

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Glossary: !!

o CCVP:!!The!acronym!for!The!Carradeux!Community!Vitalization!Program.!!This!is!the!pilot!project!used!to!develop!and!test!a!new!financial!mechanism!for!lowerKincome!families!to!purchase!housing.!!

o The'CCVP'Pilot'Project'Consortium'Includes:!'

! CRS:!!Catholic!Relief!Services!was!founded!by!the!United!States!Conference!of!Catholic!Bishops!in!1943,!and!is!a!leader!in!international!development!and!humanitarian!relief!projects!serving!100!million!in!100!countries.!!CRS!has!worked!in!Haiti!since!1954,!and!in!FY13!managed!a!portfolio!of!44!projects!with!a!value!of!$49!million.!CRS!has!extensive!experience!in!community!mobilization!and!construction!in!a!recovery!context,!with!a!team!of!26!national!and!international!engineers!and!architects!permanently!based!in!Haiti!+

! CORDAID:++Cordaid!is!a!civil!society!organization!with!99!years!of!history,!40!years!of!which!have!been!spent!in!Haiti.!!Cordaid!has!almost!400,000!donors!and!reaches!693!partners,!in!28!countries!through!3,000!worldwide!projects.!!In!2012!Cordaid!completed!a!!€10!million!neighborhood!construction!program.!!Cordaid’s!Community!Managed!Disaster!

Risk!Reduction!approach!(CMDRR)!has!been!successfully!applied!in!265!communities!in!13!countries,!including!Haiti.!+

! AHI:++The!Affordable!Housing!Institute!is!a!USAKbased!global!nonKprofit,!providing!housing!finance!expertise!and!thought!leadership!to!organizations!working!to!make!housing!accessible!to!lowKincome!people.!!AHI!integrates!existing!knowledge!of!housing!finance!systems!and!works!with!clients!to!develop!and!implement!customized!solutions!to!particular!local!conditions.!+

o Affordable'Housing:!CCVP!defines!housing!as!“affordable”!when!the!costs!for!buying!and!maintaining!the!home!do!not!exceed!30%!of!a!household’s!monthly!income.!!This!is!a!common!global!standard.!!

o Financial'Model:!!This!is!the!framework,!negotiated!by!the!CCVP!Project!Team!and!agreed!to!by!a!local!bank,!used!by!individual!Carradeux!families!within!the!pilot!program!to!qualify!for,!and!ultimately!repay,!a!wholeKhouse!loan!through!a!formal!lending!institution.''

o Governance'Structure:!!This!is!the!organizational!model!used!by!individual!families!who!borrow!from!the!lender!in!order!to!make!their!loan!payments,!track!their!progress,!and!maintain!their!community.''

o Investment:!!This!is!the!act!of!committing!some!form!of!capital!(money!or!labor)!to!an!endeavor!with!the!expectation!of!obtaining!a!return.!!The!ability!to!profit!from!development!lending!is!what!differentiates!investment,!from!a!grant!and!is!the!means!by!which!CCVP!hopes!to!incentivize!continued!access!to!credit.''

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o Loan:!!A!loan!is!a!debt!provided!by!one!organization!or!individual!to!another,!and!includes!a!rate!of!interest.!!''

o Bridge'Loan:!!In!general!terms,!a!bridge!loan!is!a!shortKterm!loan!used!to!secure!working!capital!until!permanent!financing!for!the!project!is!available.!!In!the!case!of!CCVP,!a!bridge!loan!is!taken!by!the!project!consortium!in!order!to!complete!construction!while!Carradeux!families!save!and!qualify!for!the!permanent!loan!used!to!purchase!their!houses.!Also!known!as!a!‘Construction!Loan’.!!

o Subsidy:!!A!subsidy!is!a!form!of!financial!support!extended!to!an!economic!sector!(in!this!case,!the!local!banks),!aimed!at!promoting!economic!and!social!policies!through!lowering!initial!costs.!!Within!CCVP,!a!subsidy!is!provided!to!each!household!loan!in!order!to!lower!the!principal!of!the!pilot!loan,!and!therefore,!the!risk!to!the!lender.!'

o SILC:!!This!is!an!acronym,!standing!for!Savings!and!Internal!Lending!Community.!!An!SILC!is!a!group!of!families!who!collectively!save!and!borrow!at!interest!from!a!communal!cash!box.!!This!system!has!seen!successful!use!in!the!country!of!Haiti,!where!so!much!of!the!economy!is!informal!and!deals!solely!in!cash.!!'

o Housing'Pool:!!This!is!a!set!of!people,!who!have!agreed!to!participate!in!a!savings!program!in!order!to!qualify!and!potentially!be!selected!to!acquire!a!house!through!a!permanent!loan.''

o Housing'Association:!!The!Housing!Association,!in!the!CCVP!financial!model,!is!a!legal!entity,!comprised!of!individual!households!who!have!qualified!for!financing!through!the!Housing!Pool.!!An!Association!is!used!in!order!to!bundle!households!into!one!permanent!loan,!which!lowers!administrative!costs!for!the!lender,!while!providing!the!opportunity!to!create!increased!borrower!protections.!!The!Housing!Association!also!serves!as!the!governing!body!responsible!for!tracking!timely!loan!repayments!from!its!members,!and!taking!action!in!the!event!of!nonKrepayments!by!any!member.''

o Community'Cash'Reserve:!!The!Community!Cash!Reserve!is!money!that!stays!in!the!Housing!Association’s!collective!account!and!is!used!to!ensure!that!a!loan!repayment!can!be!made!on!time,!even!in!the!event!of!a!missed!or!late!deposit!by!an!individual!Association!member!household.!!In!CCVP,!this!Cash!Reserve!represents!4!months!of!full!repayment,!in!order!to!give!the!Housing!Association!the!time!needed!to!track!any!missing!deposits!among!its!members.!!This!4Kmonth!amount!is!fixed,!and!any!funds!in!the!Reserve!in!excess!of!4!months!are!transferred!to!a!Cash!Collateral!Account.''

o Community'Cash'Collateral:!!This!is!money,!in!excess!of!the!Reserve!limit,!set!aside!in!another!account!as!collateral!for!the!permanent!loan.!!This!Collateral!grows!with!each!successful!monthly!payment.!!As!the!community’s!collateral!grows,!the!initial!loan!guarantee!used!decreases.''

o Development'Foundation'(Foundation):'An!entity!created!by!CRS/Cordaid!to!enable!a!jointKventure!development!process.!'

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General ! Information!about!the!CCVP!Pi lot!Project: !!What%are%CCVP’s%main%objectives?%

%

1. The!development!and!testing!of!a!financial!product!for!the!construction!of!lowerKincome!housing!and!the!repayment!of!that!construction!in!an!affordable!and!easily!replicated!system.!+

2. The!tracking!of!qualification!savings!and!subsequent!repayments!of!product!loan!by!lowerKincome!families!in!the!informal!Haitian!economy.!!This!tracking!data!will!be!used!to!assess!viability!and,!if!successful,!promote!the!expansion!of!credit!access!to!additional!families.!+

3. Propose!a!participatory!mechanism!for!public/private!partnerships!for!the!urban!development!and!formalization!of!IDP!camps!and!other!forms!of!informal!settlements.!!

4. Through!community!engagement,!stakeholder!negotiation!and!multiparty!processes,!provide!a!model!solution!for!the!implementation!of!government!policies!and!standards!for!housing!and!urban!strategy!in!order!to!promote!sustainable!and!community!driven!urban!development.!!!

5. Acquire!an!increased!understanding!of!the!stakeholders!and!the!Carradeux!community!needs!and!capacities.!!Using!this!knowledge,!CCVP!is!to!promote!establishment!of!a!governance!structure!that!formally!engages!actors!through!contracts!(for!example,!the!GoH,!the!private!sector,!the!community,!etc.).!!

How%is%this%different%from%other%Housing%Projects?%

Other!Housing!Projects!spent!a!great!deal!of!time!unoccupied!because!the!implementers!were!required!to,!but!failed!to!find,!willing!inhabitants.!!The!CCVP!pilot!program,!and!the!replicable!process!that!created!it,!differ!with!other!housing!initiatives!in!that!the!target!population!in!the!CCVP!was!clearly!defined!at!the!beginning!of!the!project.!

The!target!population!is!1572!families,!whose!economic!capacities!have!been!analyzed.!They!have!agreed!to!be!part!of!the!project!and!to!participate!in!the!selection!of!125!families!in!order!to!pilot!a!loan,!and!that!the!success!of!the!pilot!will!determine!the!potential!for!others!to!follow!suit.!For!more!information!please!see!The!First!Pillar:!Community!Engagement.!

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What%is%the%target%population%of%the%CCVP%Pi lot?% %

The!CCVP!pilot!implementation!process!begins!with!defining!a!target!population.!!In!this!case,!that!target!population!is!the!community!of!Carradeux.!!The!informal!settlement!of!Carradeux!is!located!in!the!Commune!of!Tabarre,!on!the!east!side!of!PortKauKPrince:!

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!!Carradeux!was!first!established!as!a!camp!in!May!2010,!when!1,082!households!were!selected!by!the!Haitian!government!(the!Ministry!of!the!Interior)!to!move!from!the!grounds!of!St!Louis!Gonzague!School.!!Once!this!move!was!completed,!additional!unsanctioned!camps!quickly!established!themselves!along!Carradeux’s!borders.!CRS!provided!emergency!water!and!sanitation!services!for!residents!of!the!sanctioned!camp.!!The!International!Federation!of!the!Red!Cross!(IFRC)!facilitated!emergency!health,!water/sanitation!services,!and!neighborhood!return!assistance!to!the!other!6!spontaneous!camps:!

!

! Between!September!2010!and!August!2011,!CRS!constructed!over!800!transitional!shelters!for!qualified!residents!(legitimate!residents!with!verified!need)!of!the!sanctioned!Carradeux!camp.!!Over!the!course!of!this!development,!those!households!in!the!unsanctioned!camps!who!could!return!to!their!original!neighborhoods!began!to!do!so.!!By!September!of!2011,!the!remaining!residents!of!all!camps!in!the!area,!having!no!additional!external!assistance!left!to!rely!on,!began!to!organize!themselves!in!order!to!protect!and!maintain!their!community.!!The!invisible!boundaries!dividing!these!camps!disappeared,!resulting!in!Carradeux!as!it!exists!today.!

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Prior!records!of!the!camps!and!supporting!survey!information!indicate!that!most,!if!not!all!households!still!living!in!Carradeux!originated!in!nearby!neighborhoods,!within!a!1,000Kmeter!radius!of!the!settlement!itself,!such!as!Delmas!32!and!Delmas!34.!This!demonstrates!that!if!given!a!choice,!households!in!Carradeux!prefer!to!stay!in!familiar!surroundings,!rather!than!relocate!to!a!strange,!new!environment.!

Why%Carradeux?%What%criterion%was%used%to%select% it?%

!The!community!of!Carradeux!was!chosen!for!CCVP’s!pilot!project!due!to!a!specific!set!of!parameters,!which!it!satisfied.!!The!primary!criteria!used!to!make!this!selection!were!as!follows:!!

o The+target+community+must+be+comprised+primarily+of+families+who+were+internally+displaced+by+the+January+2010+earthquake+or+be+comprised+primarily+of+families+who+live+in+vulnerable+conditions,+lack+of+quality+housing+and+services+provision.!!Carradeux!began!life!as!an!amalgam!of!governmentOsanctioned!and!unsanctioned!IDP!camps.!!

o The+target+community+must+reside+in+an+urban+context.++Carradeux!is!located!in!the!municipality!of!Tabarre,!on!the!border!between!a!commercial!zone!

and!a!traditionally!residential!urban!area.!!As!such,!the!land!that!Carradeux!occupies!holds!

incredible!potential!for!demonstrating!sustainable,!socially!responsible,!mixed!use!and!mixed!

income!development!in!an!urban!context.!

!

o The+target+community,+for+the+purpose+of+limiting+variables+in+implementing+a+pilot,+must+have+reasonable+access+to+transportation,+which+increases+access+to+employment+opportunities+and+stable+(albeit+cash)+incomes.!!!

While!there!was!no!comprehensive!employment!data!for!Carradeux!at!the!early!proposal!stage,!

much!of!the!population!works!outside!the!camp!on!day!jobs.!!Some!residents!established!

businesses!within!Carradeux!itself,!ranging!from!hardware!stores!to!beauty!shops.!Initial!survey!

data!of!18%!of!the!Carradeux!population!indicated!that!average!household!incomes!for!

productive!households!were!approximately!$4,200!annually,!making!Carradeux!an!economically!

viable!option!to!apply!the!financial!model.!

!

o The+target+community+must+demonstrate+the+capacity+or+the+willingness+to+organize+and+work+together+in+the+assessment+and+development+of+community+needs.++'The!Carradeux!families!have!a!strong!sense!of!community.!In!September!of!2011,!they!organized!

themselves!according!to!ten!subOneighborhoods!known!as!‘plateaus.’!These!plateaus!are!the!

organizational!structures!by!which!the!permanent!housing!“villages”!are!derived.!!Each!plateau!

or!section!elects!a!neighborhood!committee,!which!in!turn!delegates!one!member!to!the!central!

Carradeux!Neighborhood!Committee.!The!Central!Committee!has!been!active!since!late!2011!

and!is!charged!with!promoting!cleanliness,!security,!and!regular!delivery!of!water!and!other!

services!throughout!the!entire!camp.!!!The!results!are!readily!apparent!to!those!who!visit!

Carradeux.!!The!Central!Committee,!working!with!the!Plateau!Committees,!also!monitors!the!

!

12!!

number!of!households!still!living!in!Carradeux!in!order!to!prevent!additional!households!from!

occupying!the!land!and!taking!unfair!advantage!of!the!services!for!which!current!residents!

collectively!pay.!!This!selfOmanifested,!communityOlevel!organization!is!what!has!sustained!the!

settlement!without!outside!assistance!for!the!past!24!months.!

'o To+the+extent+possible,+the+target+community+must+live+in+a+stable+political+and+social+

environment.++%

As!confirmed!by!the!MINUSTAH!agency,!that!has!a!post!inside!of!the!camp;!the!community!of!

Carradeux!is!a!low!risk!community!in!terms!of!security!and!violence.!The!Central!Committee!is!

well!recognized!and!validated.!!

!o The+land+where+the+target+community+is+located+should+be+secured+with+a+survey+and+an+

authorization+provided+by+the+Ministry+of+Finances+in+favor+of+the+Consortium+(CRS+and+Cordaid)+and+it+should+have+enough+space+for+the+development+of+the+construction+project.++The!Ministry!of!Economy!and!Finance!and!the!Marie!of!Tabarre!provided!authorization!to!CRS!to!

develop!the!area.!!

!o The+target+community+must+be+willing+to+participate+in+an+affordable+housing+project+for+125+

families.+!The!community!proposed!to!CRS!the!development!of!a!housing!project!for!the!area.!The!

interest!from!the!community!members!was!expressed!since!the!beginning!of!the!planning!

process,!and they were!the!ones!that!proposed!a!housing!project!in!the!area.!!

o The+team+should+assure+that+the+GoH+is+willing+to+cooperate+with+the+implementation,+in+a+transparent+and+independent+way+as+s+a+private/commercial+housing+program+with+a+vulnerable+target+population.+!The!Carradeux!team!began!a!stakeholder!identification!process!with!the!community!to!engage!

the!public!and!private!relevant!institutions!in!the!development!of!the!project.!Meetings!were!

held!with!diverse!governmental!institutions!that!established!their!approval!to!the!project!

concept!and!objectives.!

!

'

!

! !

!

13!!

Section%1:% %Feasibi l ity%Assessment%of%Potential %Sites%

and%Communities%

!

In!order!to!select!an!appropriate!site!and!community!it!is!necessary!to!analyze!basic!information!on!the!socioeconomic!conditions!of!potential!communities,!land!tenure!status,!and!physical!site!conditions.!!This!allows!the!project!team!to!make!an!informed!choice,!based!on!the!potential!for!a!successful!outcome.!

This!preliminary!process!should!consist!of:!

1. A!Socioeconomic!survey!of!a!sample!of!the!population.!2. A!Review!of!legal!documentation!of!land!tenure!status.!3. A!Technical!assessment!of!the!physical!conditions!of!the!site.!4. An!Evaluation!of!the!level!of!community!organization!and!social!cohesion.!!5. An!Evaluation!of!community!interest!in!a!permanent!housing!program!with!longKterm!

repayment!conditions.!6. Evaluation!of!governmental!support!for!the!project,!if!the!land!is!stateKowned.!

!

14!!

Section%2:% %Establishing%a%Project’s%Cost%Parameters:%

!

!

!

In!order!to!create!the!financial!model,!it!is!necessary!to!know!the!project!cost!and!the!portion!of!that!cost!that!will!be!paid!for!by!the!community.!

The!process!of!establishing!those!parameters!is!iterative!in!order!to!match!the!final!cost!of!construction!with!the!community’s!financial!capacity.!

!

!

! !

!

15!!

!

Who%are%the%stakeholders% involved% in%this %part %of %the%process?%

!

Multi]stakeholders+Mapping+Sector+ Actors+ Objective+

Internal+

Main!leaders!in!the!community:!committees,!religious!leaders,!political!leaders,!implementing!

organizations.!

Define!economic!capacity!of!the!population!and!their!will!and!

understanding!to!be!engaged!in!a!lending!process.!

Public+ Municipality,!UCLBP,!CIAT,!EPPLS,!EDH,!DINEPA,!DPC,!MEF.!

Integrate!the!cost!of!the!houses!with!local!rules!and!public!subsidies.!

Private+ Investors!Local!or!International,!Banks,!donors.!

Define!a!cost!of!the!solutions!that!are!funded!by!grants!and!investments,!to!

be!repaid!to!investors!by!the!participants!of!the!program.!

!!

Step%1:%Defining%the%Socioeconomic%Capacit ies%of%the%Target%Population:%

!CCVP!is!designed!to!be!replicable,!and!thus!has!a!customizable!project!structure.!!Once!a!community!population!has!been!selected,!a!comprehensive!socioeconomic!survey!is!conducted!by!the!implementing!agency.!!It!is!necessary!to!conduct!this!survey!in!order!to!have!accurate!base!information!from!which!the!financial!and!governance!models!can!be!tailored!to!ensure!the!greatest!potential!for!success!within!the!target!community.!

The!survey!establishes!a!number!of!factors!and!is!instrumental!in!determining!the!existing!capacity!of!a!community.!!These!factors!include,!but!are!not!limited!to,!the!following:!

• Possession!of!National!Identification!(requirement!for!establishing!a!bank!account)!• Possession!of!an!existing!bank!account!• Prior!experiences!with!credit!(active!or!inactive)!• Monthly!income!• Monthly!Expenses!(broken!into!commonly!itemized!categories)!• Previous!living!condition!(renter!or!nonKrenter)!• Previous!housing!costs!(rent)!• Household!size!• Source!of!income!• Actual!expenses!on!housing!!• Actual!expenses!on!education!• Actual!expenses!on!services!

• Willingness!to!acquire!a!loan!

!

16!!

!!A!copy!of!the!socioeconomic!survey!conducted!in!Carradeux!can!be!found!in!Annex!1!of!this!document,!for!use!as!a!guide!that!can!be!expanded!or!reduced!to!suit!the!needs!of!other!applications.!

This!survey!can!be!part!of!the!base!line!study!mentioned!in!the!First!Pillar!or!separated!as!a!specific!economic!assessment.!

Step%2:% %Analyzing%Community%Data%and%Determining%Monthly% Incomes:%

!CCVP!was!designed!to!consider!a!spectrum!of!household!costs.!!Just!as!household!demographics!can!vary,!household!economic!capacities!vary!as!well.!!CCVP!takes!this!into!account,!and!uses!the!socioeconomic!data!of!the!community!survey!to!establish!three!levels!of!monthly!income.!!This!creates!a!wider!variety!of!housing!budgets!from!which!families!can!choose,!and!thus!increases!the!potential!for!the!program!to!be!affordable!to!a!larger!portion!of!the!population.!In!the!case!of!CCVP!tiers!1,!2,!and!3!!were!established!to!be!affordable!to!80%,!70%,!and!40%!of!the!population!respectively.!

In %the%pi lot, %what% is %the%economic%capacity %of %the%people% in %Carradeux?%

Using!the!socioeconomic!survey,!it!was!found!that!the!monthly!incomes!of!households!in!Carradeux!were!as!follows:!

%+Of+Population+with+This+Level+of+Income+ 80%+ 70%+ 40%+Monthly+income++ +$++++++++++++++++++++114++ +$++++++++++++++++172++ $+++++++++++++++++343++!

It!is!important!to!recognize!that,!in!almost!all!cases,!that!a!portion!of!any!target!population!will!not!meet!the!minimum!requirements!for!lowest!monthly!income!within!a!given!affordability!spectrum.!!The!purpose!of!CCVP!is!not!to!be!a!universal!solution!for!an!entire!population,!but!to!cast!the!widest!net!possible!that!still!achieves!successful!implementation.!!Additional!families!whose!incomes!fall!within!the!spectrum,!but!do!not!wish!to!take!on!a!debt,!can!still!choose!to!refrain!from!entering!the!financing!process!in!later!stages!as!well.!

!

Step%3.%Using%Monthly% Incomes%to%Define%Affordable%Monthly%Housing%Payments:%

!The!CCVP!financial!model!defines!affordable!housing!payment!as!no!more!than!30%!of!a!family’s!monthly!income.!!Therefore!the!next!step!in!this!process!is!defining!an!acceptable!monthly!housing!payment!for!each!monthly!income!level!in!the!spectrum.!This!monthly!payment!becomes!the!limit!at!which!all!obligations!associated!with!the!new!housing!to!be!built!(debt!service,!utilities,!services,!taxes,!fees,!etc.)!must!be!satisfied.!

%+Of+Population+Expected+to+Qualify+ 80%+ 70%+ 40%+Affordability+Limit+(30%+of+income)+ $+++++++++++++++++++++34++ +$++++++++++++++++++++++++52++ +$+++++++++++++++++++++++103++!

!

17!!

Step%4.%Establishing%Housing%Construction%Budgets%and%Available%Subsidies:%

!

How%is % i t %possible%to%def ine%the%economic%capacity %based%on%the%construct ion%cost %of %

housing?%

Prior!to!selecting!a!target!population,!a!number!of!case!studies!were!performed!in!order!to!determine!economical!budgets!for!the!building!of!safe,!complete,!housing!with!full!service!provisions!and!meeting!all!minimum!standards!prescribed!by!the!Government!of!Haiti.!!These!studies!become!the!initial!basis!for!calculating!loan!costs!and!estimating!the!required!subsidies!for!families!and!incentives!for!lenders.!!In!the!case!of!the!Carradeux!pilot,!the!estimated!costs!were!calculated!as!the!following:!!

House+Model+Size+ 36sqm+ 45sqm+ 55sqm+Construction+Budget+of+House+ $+++++++++++++++++++++++6,952++ $+++++++++++++++++++++8,450++ +$++++++++++++++12,500++!Please!note!that!preKdesigns!are!only!the!beginning!of!the!design!process.!!CCVP’s!process!requires!community!engagement!and!community!participation!in!finalizing!the!homes!that!will!ultimately!be!built.!!These!inputs!and!elements!of!choice!are!what!allow!CCVP!to!achieve!the!highest!rate!of!success.!!The!end!product!must!be!product!that!families!want!to!pay!for.!!Housing!that!meets!community!

expectations!in!layout!and!quality!is!the!simplest!path!to!ensuring!communities!that!are!meeting!

financial!obligations.!

!Once!initial!estimated!housing!costs!for!each!affordability!level!are!complete,!an!analysis!is!made!to!determine!how!much!of!each!house’s!total!construction!cost!can!be!covered!by!a!loan.!!The!wholeKhouse!loan!for!CCVP!was!designed!to!last!no!more!than!15!years,!at!a!fixed!rate!of!interest!that!the!local!population!can!bear!and!that!local!lending!institutions!could!recreate!on!their!own,!should!repayments!during!the!pilot!phase!prove!the!concept.!!In!the!case!of!the!Carradeux!community,!that!interest!rate!was!proposed!to!be!8%!annually,!which!was!consistent!with!the!range!of!commercial!rates!and!still!allows!for!a!monthly!debt!obligation!that!can!be!met!by!the!residents.!!Should!regular!repayments!prove!successful!the!expectation!is!that!future!loans!could!reduce!the!rate!of!interest,!based!on!newly!collected!evidence!of!lower!risk.!!The!loan!amounts!for!each!construction!budget!are!indicated!in!yellow!below:!!!

Percent+of+population+expected+to+be+eligible+ 80%+ 70%+ 40%+Monthly+income+ +$+++++++++++++114++ $++++++++++++++++++++++++172++ $++++++++++++++++++++343++Monthly+savings+target+ +$+++++++++++++++34++ $++++++++++++++++++++++++++52++ +$++++++++++++++++++++103++Construction+cost+of+house+ $+++++++++++6,952++ $+++++++++++++++++++++8,450++ +$++++++++++++++12,500++Subsidy+to+Household+ $+++++++++++2,500++ $+++++++++++++++++++++2,500++ +$++++++++++++++++2,500++Lender+Incentive+(Principal+Reduction)+ $+++++++++++2,495+ $+++++++++++++++++++++2,495+ $++++++++++++++++2,495+Loan+amount+per+household+ +$++++++++++1,957++ $+++++++++++++++++++++3,455++ +$++++++++++++++++7,505++

!

18!!

!

These!three!sets!of!income!portions,!housing!budgets,!monthly!payments,!subsidies/incentives,!and!ultimate!loan!amounts!comprise!what!is!known!as!the!three!Housing!Tiers!of!CCVP.!!

What% is %the%difference%between%an%affordabi l i ty %subsidy%and%a% lender% incentive?%

!

o Affordability+Subsidy:!!In!order!to!help!pilot!project!families!purchase!housing,!a!flat!rate!affordability!subsidy!is!provided.!!This!subsidy!of!the!construction!costs!for!each!typology!never!exceeds!$2,500!(USD).!!This!methodology!recognizes!both!the!$3500!(USD)!subsidy!limit!under consideration!by!the!Government!of!Haiti,!while!also!providing!assistance!to!each!household!taking!on!this!untested!pilot!loan.!!

o Lender+Incentive+(Principal+Reduction):!!In!order!to!have!a!financial!model,!CCVP!requires!a!lender!to!create!a!product!specifically!intended!to!finance!wholeKhouse!construction!in!an!affordable!way.!!For!a!lender,!this!is!an!inherently!experimental!venture!without!the!requisite!repayment!data!to!assess!the!true!risk.!!One!simple!and!effective!means!of!reducing!lender!risk!this!is!through!the!reduction!of!the!principal!loan!amount.!+

I f % the%money%from%both%the%subsidy%and% incentive%are%going%to%the%same%place, %why%

make%the%dist inct ion?%

This!is!part!of!the!flexibility!designed!into!the!structure!of!CCVP!for!use!in!the!future!versions!of!development!lending!based!upon!it.!!As!more!loans!are!made!and!more!loans!are!repaid!successfully,!the!terms!and!conditions!for!future!loans!can!be!negotiated!for!and!by!the!next!cycle!of!borrowers.!Allowable!loan!durations!may!get!longer,!interest!rates!may!get!lower,!and!the!incomes!of!the!households!taking!a!future!loan!may!likely!be!different.!!All!of!these!will!factor!into!the!adjustment!of!what!is!given!in!one!category!or!the!other.!!By!making!this!distinction!now!it!establishes!two!different!variables!that!can!be!modified!to!meet!a!target!population’s!needs,!and!potential!future!project!constraints.!

!

Step%5.%Defining%the%Cost%of%the%Project: %

!

How%much%wil l % the%housing%components%of %the%program%cost?%

At!this!point!in!the!process,!the!factors!determined!in!the!previous!steps!are!used!to!calculate!the!total!cost!of!housing!construction!and!the!expected!principal!cost!of!the!required!loan.!!This!principal!cost!will!be!the!amount!of!money!that!needs!to!ultimately!be!financed!by!the!target!community,!through!the!lender.!

Based!on!the!survey!data!and!the!construction!and!loan!costs!to!individual!households,!the!total!number!of!houses!in!each!Housing!Tier!is!estimated.!!For!the!Carradeux!pilot,!it!is!believed!that!many!of!the!households!who!may!qualify!for!the!most!expensive!house!will!likely!choose!to!purchase!the!one!from!the!middle!Housing!Tier.!

!

19!!

Construction+loan+size+ !! !! !! ++++++++++++++++++Total+Number!of!houses! 50! 50! 25! 125+Aggregated!cost!of!construction! $!!!!!!!!!!!!!347,600!! $!!!!!!!422,500!! $!!!!!!!!!312,500!! $+++++++1,082,600+Aggregated!loan! $!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!97,850!! $!!!!!!!172,750!! $!!!!!!!!!187,625!! $++++++++++458,225+!

Please!note!that!there!are!additional!factors!in!the!cost!of!project!implementation!that!are!not!accounted!for!in!this!document,!such!as!road!and!sidewalk!infrastructure,!drainage!infrastructure,!and!soil!stabilization,!as!well!as!administration!and!overhead!costs.!!The!purpose!of!CCVP!pilot!is!to!prove!that!lower!income!families!can!afford!regular!monthly!payments!for!the!purposes!of!housing.!!These!additional!costs!are!grant!components,!factored!into!the!project!budget,!but!should!not!affect!the!loan.!

With!the!parameters!for!housing!construction!costs!and!community!capacities!established,!a!model!for!financing!those!construction!costs!could!be!developed.!

! !

!

20!!

!

Section%3:%Design%

The!First !Pi l lar: !Community!Engagement!

!

Once!a!community!is!selected!to!participate!on!the!project!a!more!detailed!assessment!needs!to!be!done!in!order!to!validate!the!preliminary!findings.!!This!includes!a!full!socioeconomic!survey.!

In!order!to!engage!the!community!members!with!the!project,!a!set!of!activities!based!on!a!participatory!approach!shall!be!implemented!including:!

o Community!detailed!analysis!of!priorities,!risks!and!capacities.!o Action!Plan!for!the!implementation!of!the!project!o Stakeholders!mapping!and!engagement.!

The!participatory!approach!is!based!on!mechanisms!of!citizen!empowerment!and!decisionKmaking.!

!

21!!

What% is %the%process%to%engage%the%community% in %this %type%of %housing%program?%

The!community!engagement!process!in!the!design!stage!of!the!program!can!be!divided!in!two!steps:!

• Step'1:!!community!selection!and!macro!analysis!

• Step'2:!connection!with!the!community!and!detailed!analysis.!

%

Step%1:%Developing%Criteria%for%Selecting%Participating%Communities%for%Projects:%

The!first!step!in!applying!the!financial!model!in!a!community!is!to!choose!the!most!appropriate!one!among!different!potential!communities.!!Each!potential!community’s!social,!economic!and!physical!conditions,!and!how!those!conditions!impact!the!probability!of!a!successful!outcome,!are!considered!when!making!this!choice.!

In!the!case!of!the!Carradeux!community,!the!considerations!used!to!make!this!selection!can!be!found!in!the!General!information!about!the!CCVP!Pilot!Project!chapter!at!the!beginning!of!this!document!(see!page!8).!

As!part!of!this!process,!it!is!important!to!develop!a!macro!analysis,!including!a!preKstakeholders!mapping!and!a!citywide!analysis!to!understand!the!context!of!the!community!and!the!actors!involved!in!its!development.!

Who%are%the%stakeholders% involved% in %this %part %of %the%process?%

The!main!stakeholders!to!be!defined!at!this!moment!are!the!Public!and!Private!stakeholders!that!would!interact!with!the!Community!Mobilizer!to!support!the!development!of!the!program.!!

As!a!macro!analysis!the!most!relevant!stakeholders!shall!be!identified.!This!shall!include:!

!

Multi[stakeholders'Mapping!Sector' Actors'

Internal+ Main!leaders!in!the!community:!committees,!religious!leaders,!political!leaders,!etc.!

Public+ Municipality,!Civil!Protection,!Hospitals,!Schools!

Private+ Businesses,!banks,!credit!organizations,!credit!cooperatives.!

Religious+ Religious!meeting!centers.!

Civil+Society+

NGOs,!grassroots!organizations,!art/agricultural/housing!cooperatives,!neighbors.!!

!

!

22!!

What%shal l % the%c itywide%analys is % include?%

The!citywide!analysis!shall!provide!information!to!the!Community!Mobilizer!about!the!general!situation!of!the!neighborhood!and!its!surroundings,!the!administrative!political!organization!and!the!main!urban!matters!regarding!the!area.!

This!information!shall!be!used!by!the!Community!Mobilizer!to!design!a!communication!strategy!to!create!a!connection!with!the!community!and!the!relevant!stakeholders!in!order!to!achieve!a!proper!understanding!of!the!objectives!and!conditions!of!the!program!by!the!community!and!the!actors!involved.!

At!this!point,!a!second!socioeconomic!survey!can!be!applied!to!a!more!representative!sample!of!the!community!to!confirm!the!conditions!for!the!application!of!the!financial!model.!+!

Step%2:%Connecting%with%the%Community%and%Detai led%Diagnostic: %

This!step!consists!of!a!formal!entry!into!the!community,!and!involves!an!analysis!of!the!existing!committees!and!communityKbased!organizations!(CBOs)!that!are!already!present.!!

Once!the!organizations!are!identified,!they!are!invited!to!a!presentation!of!the!program!in!which!its!objectives!and!its!diagnostic!and!implementation!methodologies!are!explained.!

Based!on!this!first!presentation,!the!community!leaders!shall!agree!to!their!involvement,!and!the!participatory!process!to!be!used!with!a!project’s!Community!Mobilizer!in!order!to!engage!the!rest!of!the!community!and!present!the!program.!

Why%is %this %connection%with%the%community%needed?%

It!is!important!to!approach!the!existing!committees!and!CBOs!first!because!they!already!have!a!leadership!role!(positive!or!negative)!within!the!community,!and!the!capacity!as!a!group!to!influence!the!community.!!Therefore,!a!clear!communication!with!these!community!members!is!key!to!being!able!to!reach!the!community!as!a!whole.!

The!methodology!to!reach!the!entire!community!is!a!complementary!process!that!includes!“doorKtoKdoor”!involvement!and!interaction!with!the!existing!community!leadership.!!!This!ensures!a!balance!in!the!decisionKmaking!between!the!existing!leadership!and!the!participating!community,!at!large.!

In!the!case!of!Carradeux,!the!methodology!that!was!used!was!the!Urban!Resiliency!approach,!using!the!Community!Managed!Disaster!Risk!Reduction!(CMDRR)!methodology!for!the!diagnostic.!!

Detailed+diagnostic+using+the+CMDRR+methodology:!All!of!the!identified!existing!committees!and!CBOs!shall!agree!to!the!diagnostic!process!and!shall!be!included!in!the!verification!of!information!processes.!

This!diagnostic!consists!in!the!identification!of!risks,!capacities!and!vulnerability!present!in!the!community,!involving!all!the!members!of!the!community!and!the!Committees!and!CBOs.!

Why%do%we%need%this %analys is?%

The!knowledge!of!the!vulnerable!conditions!of!the!community!and!its!capacities,!gives!a!clear!understanding!to!the!community!and!the!Community!Mobilizer!on!the!aspects!to!reinforce!and!the!capacities!to!use!that!already!exist!within!the!community!in!order!to!make!the!implementation!of!the!financial!model!(or!any!project!to!be!implemented!in!the!community)!successful.!

!

23!!

In!the!case!of!Carradeux,!based!on!the!internal!political!administration!of!the!community!the!diagnostic!was!made!“block!by!block”!so!as!to!include!all!its!members.!This!work!was!done!covering!10!blocks!and!5!annexed!camps.!

The!objective!was!to!identify!how!vulnerable!the!community!members!are!and!what!capacities!the!community!has!available!to!improve!their!living!conditions!and!to!make!an!action!plan!with!the!community!to!reduce!the!risks!and!increase!their!resilience.!One!of!the!measures!that!would!have!the!impact!of!increasing!the!resilience!of!the!community!is!the!housing!solution!provided!through!the!implementation!of!the!financial!model.!!

Why%is %the%methodology%referred%to%as%r isk %reduction%used?%

The!risk!reduction!methodology!is!used!in!order!to!base!the!diagnostic!on!a!tangible!and!practical!base!that!will!make!sense!to!the!community!and!will!have!a!direct!outcome:!reduction!of!risk!–!increased!resilience.!The!reference!to!risks!is!not!only!related!to!natural!disasters,!but!to!general!hazards!to!which!the!community!members!are!exposed!such!as!insecurity,!gender!violence,!unemployment,!lack!of!shelter,!flooding,!etc.!

How%does%the%entire%community%val idate%this?%

The!CMDRR!methodology!involves!a!validation!process.!All!the!capacities!and!risks!are!mapped.!!

Members!of!all!the!blocks,!committees!and!CBOs!made!this!map!in!Carradeux!together.!In!this!case!it!was!made!by!a!group!of!50!community!members.!

The!validation!consisted!in!having!members!of!each!block,!committee!and!CBO!in!the!creation!process!and!by!having!an!open!day!for!validation!and!modification.!

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The!pictures!above!show!the!development!of!the!risk!mapping!and!opening!day!for!data!validation!

!

This!methodology!is!recommended,!to!create!trust!with!the!population!and!to!assure!that!the!objectives!of!the!community!are!the!guidelines!for!implementation!of!the!financial!model.!

How%this %map%of %r isks%and%capacit ies% is %translated%to%a%plan?% %

The!community!defines!its!priorities!in!order!to!make!an!action!plan!regarding!each!of!the!identified!risks.!In!this!action!plan!they!propose!measures!to!increase!their!capacities!and!reduce!their!risks.!!

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In!this!stage!of!the!design!of!the!program!the!implementation!of!financial!model!is!integrated!to!the!action!plan!since!housing!as!a!result!of!the!diagnostic!is!considered!a!priority!for!the!community.!At!this!moment!we!can!consider!that!the!implementation!of!the!financial!model!is!now!integrated!to!the!community’s!priorities.!

How%to% involve%a l l %of %the%stakeholders%to%support%the%community% in %the%development%of %

i ts %act ion%plan?%

As!part!of!the!capacities!analysis!a!mapping!of!stakeholders!shall!be!done!along!with!the!community!to!identify!the!actors!that!are!essential!to!address!the!identified!priorities.!

!

The!pictures!above!show!the!multiOstakeholder!mapping!made!in!the!Carradeux!community.!

!

After!the!mapping!is!done,!the!community!will!decide!if!they!want!to!invite!these!stakeholders!to!a!presentation!of!their!analysis!and!action!plan.!

Once!the!decision!is!made,!the!identified!stakeholders!will!be!invited!to!a!workshop;!where!they!get!to!know!the!plan!made!by!the!community!and!get!to!express!their!own!proposed!actions!and!priorities.!!

What% is %the%result %of %this %process? %

The!final!outcome!of!the!workshop!is!a!common!agenda!among!the!community!and!the!stakeholders.!The!common!agenda!is!an!agreement!of!all!the!actors!to!work!together!towards!the!improvement!of!the!living!conditions!of!the!community!according!to!the!plan.!

From!that!workshop!a!Platform!is!created,!with!the!objective!to!support!the!implementation!of!the!action!plan!that!includes!the!implementation!of!the!financial!model.!

This!way,!the!community!and!the!stakeholders,!all!validate!the!plan!and!the!financial!model!as!a!measure!to!increase!the!resilience!in!the!community!and!more!important!they!have!agreed!to!support!its!implementation.!!

In!the!action!plan!the!process!to!implement!the!financial!model!is!defined!and!clear!for!the!community.!!

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This!is!the!final!process!of!design!and!leads!to!begin!the!process!of!design!of!the!housing!models!and!the!implementation!process!of!the!financial!model!and!construction!of!the!houses.!

Why%do%we%need%such%a%process, %and%how%can%that%process%affect %the%t ime%frame%of %the%

projects?%

The!community!engagement!processes!are!key!for!the!sustainability!of!any!project.!It!is!well!known!that!it!is!an!essential!factor!that!is!treated!differently!by!different!organizations,!so!each!organization!can!define!their!own!participatory!approach.!The!key!factor!is!to!make!sure!that!the!process!is!community!driven!and!that!the!community!members!are!part!of!the!decisionKmaking!processes.!This!first!stage!of!any!project!can!take!time,!but!it!is!the!most!important!investment!to!assure!the!sustainability!of!the!projects.!

Key!aspects:!work!for!partnerships,!delegated!power!and!citizen!control.!

What%reinforcement%processes%can%be% implemented%and%why?%

• Legalization!of!Platforms,!Trainings!on!Management,!Communication!and!conflict!resolution!training,!!

• Promoting!female!leadership!!

• Child!and!education!support,!etc.!

These!reinforcement!processes!can!be!implemented!to!increase!the!community’s!capacities!and!work!towards!the!empowerment!of!the!community!members!and!the!creation!of!a!proper!environment!and!understanding!in!the!community!for!the!application!of!the!financial!model.!

What% is %the%role%of %the%Mult i Tstakeholder%Platform%in%this %process?%

The!Platform!can!also!be!understood!as!a!steering!committee!that!supports!the!community!to!achieve!its!goals,!based!on!the!common!agenda!that!they!have!all!agreed.!

What% is %the%role%of %the%Community%Mobil izer % in %the%platform?%

The!Community!Mobilizer!provides!facilitation!to!understand!the!diagnostic!and!the!action!plan!process.!The!Community!Mobilizer!supports!the!proactive!participation!of!the!community!and!gives!technical!assistance!and!networking!support!in!order!achieve!the!implementation!of!the!financial!model!in!an!integrated!manner!according!to!the!community’s!priorities.!

What% is %the%role%of %the%Government% in %the%platform?%

The!Government!provides!guidance,!rules,!advice,!support,!and!upon!review,!the!authorizations!needed!to!implement!the!action!plan.!

What% is %the%role%of %the%Pr ivate%stakeholders% in %the%platform?%

They!provide!donations,!investments,!guarantees!or/and!quality!services,!as!required!by!the!community.!

How%do%we%avoid%fa lse%expectat ions?%

The!common!agenda!also!serves!to!define!the!role!and!limits!of!each!member!of!the!platform.!In!that!part!of!the!process!the!Community!Mobilizer!and!the!Developer!can!define!its!role,!explaining!that!the!conditions!for!its!involvement!is!to!work!on!an!investment!process!with!a!percentage!of!subsidy!not!a!full!grant!funded!project.%

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The!Second!Pi l lar: !The!Financial !Model!%

!

Once!the!cost!of!the!project!is!established!a!model!needs!to!be!created!to!determine!the!structure!of!financing!the!project!for!the!selected!community.!

This!includes:!

• Market!research!and!review!of!exiting!financial!products.!• Structuring!of!a!new!financial!product!if!necessary!to!meet!the!needs!of!the!community.!• Sourcing!of!the!capital!for!implementation!of!the!project.!

• Creation!of!a!pool!of!potential!borrowers.!

!

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Who%are%the%stakeholders%involved%in%this%part%of%the%process?%

!

Multistakeholders+Mapping+Sector! Actors! Objective!

Internal!


organizations.!

Define!the!selection!criteria!including!financial!criteria,!define!and!accept!the!savings!conditions,!understand!

and!accept!the!loan!conditions.!Follow!up!and!tracking!of!repayment!process,!

application!of!default!penalties.!

Public!Municipality,!UCLBP,!CIAT,!EPPLS,!

EDH,!DINEPA,!DPC,!MEF.!

Support!with!land!availability;!integrate!the!subsidies!according!to!policies!and!search!for!warranties,!

securities!and!incentives!for!investors.!

Private!Investors!Local!or!International,!

Banks,!donors.!

Definition!of!the!product,!length!of!loan,!interest!amounts!and!loan!conditions!for!securities!and!

warranties.!!

%

Step%1.%Using%Market%Research%to%Define%the%Local%Lending%Landscape:%

In!order!to!create!a!viable!new!financial!product!it!is!important!to!have!a!current!understanding!of!the!lending!market,!so!that!the!product!created!will!respond!to!the!needs!and!expectations!of!market!actors.!In!the!case!of!CCVP,!the!team!wanted!to!design!a!financial!product!that!would!leverage!the!combined!resources!of!the!target!community!to!facilitate!the!financing!of!a!loan!at!residential!lending!rates!and!tenors!(as!opposed!to!microfinance!rates!which!hold!significantly!higher!interest!rates!and!shorter!tenor).!!

What% is %the%main%object ive%of %the%market%research?%

By!conducting!interviews!and!meetings!with!formal!financial!institutions!the!team!created!profiles!of!the!currently!available!residential!loan!products,!and!associated!terms!and!conditions.!!!!

Once%the%research% is %made,%how%do%you%use%the%results?%

This!research!then!allowed!the!team!to!develop!a!new!loan!product!that!was!responsive!to!both!the!needs!of!the!target!community!and!those!of!the!financial!institutions.!!Some!of!the!initial!questions!that!were!asked!in!this!process!were:!!

o How!do!local!lenders!currently!provide!microKfinance!loans!of!$20,000!(USD)!or!less?!o What!are!the!general!terms!and!conditions!applied!to!such!a!loan!by!each!lender?!o How!much!flexibility!does!the!lender!have!in!issuing!these!terms?!o How!do!customers!qualify?!!What!information!does!the!lender!require?!o What!forms!of!security,!collateral,!or!guarantee!do!lenders!typically!want?!o At!what!threshold!is!a!loan!deemed!“profitable”!to!the!lender?!o How!long!is!the!duration!of!a!typical!loan!(for!mortgages,!small!business,!and!general!microK

finance)?!

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o Would!the!local!bank!be!willing!to!work!with!an!outside!financial!entity!or!investor?!!o Could!the!lender!leverage!funding!from!social!subsidiaries?!o Could!multiple!actors!contribute!to!a!cash!guarantee!and!what!rate!of!interest!could!the!lender!

offer!on!the!money!resting!in!deposit!with!the!institution!for!the!duration!of!the!loan?!!

Below!is!a!table!outlining!the!current!average!loan!terms!and!conditions!available!from!local!Haitian!

banks!with!those!same!terms!and!conditions!as!negotiated!with!a!socially!motivated!private!investor:!

CONDITIONS+ LOCAL+INSTITUTION+ PRIVATE+INVESTOR+Guarantee! Demands!greater!than!50%!!

(sometimes!requesting!100%)!cash!guarantee,!even!from!a!prime!warrantor!such!as!USAID,!Cordaid!or!CRS.!!All!other!warrantors!must!be!vetted!to!meet/qualify!for!their!criteria.!

The!investor!is!willing!to!accept!50%!risk!,!with!the!acknowledgment!that!the!houses!can!be!considered!as!collateral!similar!to!a!typical!mortgage.!The!remaining!50%!can!be!guaranteed!through!a!combination!of!community!cash!collateral!and!third!party!paper!guarantee!agreements.!!

Interest!Rate! 16K20%!variable,!annually.!! 8K11%!fixed,!annually.!

Approx.!Length!of!the!Loan! Up!to!15!years! Up!to!15!years!

Replication!Conditions:!• Eventually!take!the!house!as!collateral!instead!of!a!cash!guarantee,!once!repayment!capacity!is!proven.!

• Involve!the!local!financial!sector!in!managing!accounts!and!transactions.!

• Deal!for!Carradeux!responds!to!the!conditions!of!the!local!economy.!

• Data!collection!made!by!a!local!bank.!

!

The!requirement!of!the!cash!guarantee!affects!the!replication!of!the!model,!and!the!product,!in!the!traditional!Haitian!credit!market!!Having!a!local!bank!as!the!primary!lender!for!a!social!program!could!change!the!perspective!of!risk!involved!in!working!with!the!informal!economy.!!The!bank!would!keep!track!of!savings!and!repayments,!while!analyzing!the!population!according!to!the!criteria!agreed!in!the!terms!and!conditions.!

The!local!investor!is!willing!to!take!the!house!as!collateral.!!The!investor!would!develop!his!financial!operations!through!a!local!bank.!!!!Although!it!is!only!an!intermediary,!the!local!bank!will!be!involved!in!all!processes,!and!profits!from!the!transaction.!!The!terms!of!the!loan!have!to!be!commercially!viable!(i.e.!equivalent!to!the!conditions!a!local!bank!could!reasonably!provide!at!a!profit).!!!The!bank!as!an!intermediary!and!would!still!process!all!data!as!required.!

!

Please!note!that!the!research!results!described!here!should!be!considered!foundational,!and!it!is!in!the!interest!of!new!projects!attempting!to!replicate!the!CCVP!process,!to!conduct!their!own!local!research!in!addition!to!it.!!While!the!terms!and!conditions!outlined!in!this!document!may!be!used!to!reliably!create!a!framework!acceptable!to!a!local!Haitian!financial!institution,!it!is!always!beneficial!to!seek!out!new!opportunities!and!new!partnerships.!

%

Step%2.%Creating%an%Affordable%Framework%of%Terms%for%Lending%and%Repayment:%

Over!several!months!the!CCVP!Team!gathered!market!research!data!on!Haitian!banks!and!lending!institutions,!developing!a!comparative!analysis!of!the!loan!options!available,!and!the!willingness!of!institutions!to!pilot!a!new!product.!!In!each!case,!the!initial!level!of!risk!protection!required!by!the!

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lender,!and!the!initial!terms!offered!in!exchange!for!that!protection,!failed!to!meet!the!affordability!requirements!that!CCVP!was!designed!to!meet.!!!

Why%did%the%banks’ %terms%fa i l % to %meet%the%affordabi l i ty %requirements?%

Despite!the!large!size!of!the!proposed!loan!(between!$300,000!and!$500,000),!most!institutions!wanted!to!manage!it!similarly!to!a!microfinance!loan.!Because!of!the!informality!of!borrower!income!and!a!disinterest!in!considering!the!houses!as!collateral!for!the!loan,!the!banks!perceived!a!very!high!risk!and!subsequently!offered!high!interest!terms.!While!this!is!a!practical!approach!with!small!sums!of!money!and!short!tenor!loans,!it!becomes!prohibitively!expensive!when!applied!to!housing!loans,!which!are!typically!larger!in!size!and!longer!in!tenor.!!!

How%did%the%CCVP%program%and%associated% loan%product% intend%to%mit igate%r isks?%

Through!a!combination!of:!

• A!mandatory!preKloan!savings!program!!

• Aggregating!the!resources!and!risk!of!the!resident!families!to!create!a!larger!pool!of!reserve!funds,!and!social!pressure!for!families!to!repay!on!time.!!

• The!creation!of!a!reserve!fund!which!would!be!equal!or!greater!than!3!months!of!full!loan!payments,!thereby!providing!a!cushion!for!regular!repayment!on!the!full!loan!even!if!a!few!individual!families!had!difficulty!in!meeting!their!monthly!obligation.!!

• The!creation!of!a!community!cash!collateral!account,!which!would!serve!as!security!on!the!loan,!above!and!beyond!the!reserve!fund.!

Was%anything%else%necessary%to%establ ish%the%f inancing?%

Yes,!The!CCVP!Team!reached!out!to!a!private!investor,!who!had!an!interest!in!supporting!innovative!socially!conscious!housing!development!in!Haiti.!These!conversations!yielded!more!promising!results!and!an!agreement!was!made!to!pursue!development!of!the!loan!product!with!the!investor,!in!close!coordination!with!a!local!bank.!!

What%are%the%advantages%of %creating%a% loan%through%a%pr ivate% investor?%

The!Haitian!formal!financial!sector!has!no!risk!data!to!be!able!to!accurately!determine!whether!a!loan!of!this!kind!to!informal,!lowerKincome!families!will!be!repaid.!!Because!of!this,!the!terms!and!conditions!that!they!would!offer!are!unKaffordable!to!the!population.!However,!private!investors!often!have!a!higher!risk!appetite!than!established!banks,!and!are!more!likely!to!be!interested!in!the!social!impact!and!innovative!model!which!could!prove!a!concept!and!open!a!whole!new!market!for!investment!in!the!informal!sector.!!

The!general!advantages!of!using!an!outside!investor!in!coordination!with!the!local!Haitian!banking!sector!include,!but!are!not!limited!to,!the!following:!

• A!private!investor!who!serves!as!the!ultimate!lender!can!provide!a!more!competitive!interest!rate!that!many!local!lenders!could,!but!are!typically!apprehensive,!to!use.!!!!

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• Even!when!local!banks!are!willing!to!drop!their!interest!rate!to!a!comparable!level,!it!is!often!an!

adjustable!rate,!which!jeopardizes!the!families’!ability!to!plan!savings!and!consistently!repay!the!

loan.!!A!private!investor!is!more!likely!to!offer!a!fixed!interest!rate!for!the!life!of!the!loan.!

!

• A!private!investor!is!likely!to!have!a!higher!risk!appetite,!and!thus!may!not!require!the!same!level!

of!loan!security,!and!principal!guarantee!as!a!local!bank!would.!!

!!

• A!private!investor!may,!at!one!point,!be!willing!to!use!the!housing!itself!as!collateral!for!the!loan,!

as!in!a!typical!mortgage.!!As!of!this!writing,!every!local!financial!institution!interviewed!and!

researched!would!not!accept!such!collateral!as!insurance!against!risk,!given!the!lack!of!repayment!

capacity!data!and!the!legal!and!social!challenges!inherent!in!carrying!out!eviction!processes.!

Does%this %type%of % loan%framework%adversely % impact%repl icat ion?%

No,!in!fact!this!loan!structure!encourages!replication,!for!several!reasons:!

1. The!structure!divides!capital!requirements!and!risk!into!discrete!chunks!that!can!be!adjusted!and!sized!appropriately!for!each!transaction.!

2. Dividing!the!capital!requirement!into!pieces,!each!of!which!is!finite!in!amount,!limited!in!time,!and!dependent!on!other!capital!sources,!both!(i)!encourages!capital!providers!to!fund!because!they!will!be!asked!to!fund!a!product!type!they!are!used!to!seeing!in!other!contexts,!and!(ii)!makes!it!easier!to!replicate!each!capital!component!in!other!properties!as!it!can!be!shown!to!have!worked!in!CCVP.!

3. It!involves!local!banks!in!steps!with!rising!levels!of!risk!that!match!rising!levels!of!bank!understanding.!!It!starts!with!no!risk!involvement!(e.g.!being!the!depositary!institution!for!preK sale!savings),!proceeds!to!small!risk!activities (e.g.!being!construction!lender!with!a!guaranteed buyout at offtake by an externally funded permanent loan), and bypasses the need for!private!local!banks!to!take!longKterm!risk!in providing the permanent loan.

4. With!respect!to!the!permanent!loan,!it!places!the!bank!in!a!useful!spot!(loan!servicer!on!behalf!of!the!private!investor)!where!it!can!make!fees,!gather!customer!information!(in!real!time),!and!not!take!capital!risk.!!This!becomes!a!riskKfree!scenario!with!a!modest!return!for!the!local!bank,!which!is!protected!by!an!outside!investor!who!stands!to!earn!a!much!higher!profit!by!providing!that!protection.!

5. Once!a!bank!has!participated!in!the!earlier!stages!of!CCVP,!and observed the progress of the private investor's permanent loan, the!bank!will!realize!that!the!longKterm!loan!offers!good!riskKadjusted!returns.!!So!the!private!investor’s!involvement!will!be!catalytic!(and!compensated!accordingly)!and!as!the!market!is!formed!and!matures,!the!private!investors!can!be!competed!out!by!banks!whose!risk!tolerance!as!risen!with!their!market!knowledge!and!experience.!!

!

CCVP!intends!to!show!the!structure!is!possible.!!Repetitions!of!the!CCVP!structure!in!other!similar!properties!will!show!it!is!replicable.!!These!two!things,!if!successful,!will!change!localKbank!perceptions:!they!will!know!such!a!product!can!be!profitable,!based!on!real!repayment!evidence,!and!will!consider!establishing!profitable!products,!with!similar!terms!and!conditions,!of!their!own.!!!

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Based%on%the%previous%analys is , %how%is %CCVP’s %f inancing%solut ion%assembled%and%

implemented?%

A!financing!solution!is!a!connected!series!of!commitments!by!entities!to!provide!capital!to!the!CCVP!development,!or!to!previous!capital!providers!within!CCVP,!such!that!when!each!actor!does!what!it!promised!to!do,!CCVP!receives!all!the!money!it!needs!to!develop!the!houses!and!eventually!the!home!owner!occupants!have!an!obligation!that!they!are!able!and!willing!to!pay!off.!!The!time!order!of!implementation!is!not!the!same!as!the!time!order!of!capital!assembly!(obtaining!commitments),!because!the!commitments!that!will!be!spent!earlier!in!time!will!be!made!by!entities!only!if!they!are!confident!that!the!laterKinKtime!capital!commitments!will!in!fact!arrive!and!be!reliable.!!Thus!it!is!easier!to!understand!by!observing!first!how!the!capital!is!assembled,!and!then!secondly!how,!once!assembled,!it!is!implemented.!

How%is %the%CCVP%capital %assembled?%

The!financing!solution!is!assembled!by!series!of!commitments!in!the!following!order:!

1. Large!donor!commits!to!funding!a!portion!of!the!construction!costs.!

2. A!lender!(in!CCVP,!a!private!lender,!though!in!other!contexts!this!could!be!a!local!Haitian!bank)!commits!to!make!a!longKterm!loan!to!the!Foundation,!to!be!paid!upon!offtake!and!subject!to!three!conditions:!!

a. Financial!feasibility.!!(i)!The!longKterm!interest!rate!is!agreed,!and!(ii)!The!longKterm!loan!amount!is!set!at!a!figure!that!is!both!(x)!affordable!by!the!residents!based!on!their!income!calculations,!and!(y)!sufficient!to!repay!the!construction!loan!(see!Item!3!below)!!

b. Cash!collateral.!!Potential!future!homeowners!will!(i)!provide!cash!collateral,!in!the!form!of!savings!to!be!held!in!a!bank!acceptable!to!the!longKterm!lender,!in!amounts!to!be!achieved!and!in!the!bank!by!the!time!of!offtake,!and!(ii)!show!good!faith!and!develop!their!creditworthiness!by!starting!their!savings!on!or!before!inception.!!!

i. This!cash!collateral!will!be!maintained!in!an!account,!under!the!administrative!control!of!the!lender(s)!(longKterm!lender!and!potentially!construction!lender),!but!only!subject!to!an!escrow!agreement!and!with!the!provision!that!the!eventual!residue!in!the!account!belongs!to!the!depositors!when!the!loan!is!paid!off.!

c. Partial!‘bottom’!guarantee!(if!required).!!The!sponsor!or!its!benefactor!(in!CCVP,!Cordaid!or!CRS)!will!provide!an!ongoing!guarantee!to!pay!a!portion!(in!CCVP,!up!to!50%!of!the!longKterm!loan)!if!there!is!a!subsequent!default.!!This!guarantee!portion!is!expected!to!decline!as!the!cash!collateral!builds!up!and!the!longKterm!loan!is!repaid!from!normal!monthly!payments!by!the!borrower!foundation.!

3. Another!lender,!either!a!bank!or!a!private!investor!(in!CCVP,!it!could!be!either)!provides!a!construction!loan,!in!the!amount!needed!to!complete!the!property’s!development,!to!be!repaid!out!the!combination!of:!

a. The!longKterm!loan!(Item!2).!

b. A!portion!of!the!Housing!Association!subscription!fees.!

The!construction!loan!is!to!be!disbursed!according!to!constructionKcompletion!payments!as!set!forth!in!the!construction!contract!and!overseen!by!the!supervisory!architect/!or!owner’s!representative.!

!

32!!

Step%3.%Defining%Qualif ication%Criteria: %

Once!a!product!structure!has!been!developed,!the!criteria!by!which!families!in!a!target!community!will!be!selected!for!lending!must!be!defined.!!Within!the!CCVP!financial!model,!these!criteria!can!be!tailored!to!the!different!budgets!and!socioeconomic!survey!indicators.!!The!first!selection!criteria!is!independent!of!all!others:!!

• Having+a+Bank+Account/+The+Ability+to+Open+a+Bank+Account:++The!entire!CCVP!model!is!built!using!the!formal!financial!sector.!!It!is!the!opportunity!for!formal!banks!and!informal!borrowers!to!get!to!understand!the!benefits!of!working!with!each!other.!!None!of!this!is!possible!unless!families!being!assessed!have!an!existing!bank!account!or!have!the!requisite!national!identification!for!opening!a!bank!account.!!Families!who!do!not!have!a!household!member!with!identification!will!be!provided!support!in!acquiring!it,!and!are!welcome!to!take!part!in!informal,!cashKbased,!savings!and!internal!lending!communities!(SILC).!!SILC!groups!provide!valuable!capacity!building!opportunities!for!informal!households!while!introducing!and!familiarizing!those!families!with!the!concepts!of!saving,!borrowing,!and!repaying!at!interest.!!

Community!households!who!can!work!with!the!local!banking!system!are!then!offered!the!option!of!beginning!a!savings!regimen!of!deposits!with!the!bank.!!Over!the!next!three!months,!the!model!tracks!those!savings!in!order!to!select!a!Housing!Pool.!!

What% is %a %Housing%Pool?%

A!housing!pool!is!a!set!of!people,!who!have!agreed!to!participate!in!a!savings!program!for!potentially!be!selected!to!acquire!a!house.!!

What% is %a %Housing%Pool % for?%

In!the!case!of!the!CCVP,!while!the!model!was!designed!to!be!affordable!to!80%!of!the!current!Carradeux!residents,!the!CCVP!Team!acknowledged!that!there!would!likely!be!families!interested!in!participating!who!might!not!ultimately!be!able!to!meet!the!savings!goals.!Therefore!it!was!agreed!that!additional!families!should!be!enrolled!in!the!initial!pool!to!ensure!an!adequate!number!of!qualified!households.!!!

How%many%famil ies %const itute%a%housing%pool?%

In!order!to!sustain!the!protections!in!the!financial!model!it!is!required!to!have!more!people!saving!to!qualify!that!the!number!of!houses!that!are!intended!to!be!built.!The!CCVP!Pilot!aimed!to!build!125!homes,!so!the!target!for!the!housing!pool!was!set!at!250!households.!!!

How%do%household%qual i fy %to%be%part %of %the%housing%pool?%

Households!who!qualify!for!the!Housing!Pool!are!chosen!based!on!the!following:!

1. Income'Stability:!!Households!who!participate!in!the!Housing!Pool!must!be!able!to!follow!the!savings!regimen!for!qualification!without!placing!themselves!or!their!family!at!excessive!fiscal!risk.!!This!means!having!a!relatively!stable!income!level,!formal!or!informal.!!

2. Location:!!Households!who!meet!the!first!criteria!and!may!be!potentially!displaced!by!construction.!!

!

33!!

3. Will'of'the'participant:!Households!make!the!savings!commitment!and!manifest!their!will!to!participate!in!the!program!before!they!are!selected.!The!selection!process!uses!a!pool!of!interested!potential!participants.!!

4. Membership'in'the'community:!The!households!shall!already!live!in!the!area.!This!will!assure!that!the!conditions!for!repayment!that!in!most!cases!depend!on!where!the!person!is!located!are!stable.!It!also!provides!the!proper!social!cohesive!environment!to!create!collective!governance!structures!integrated!by!members!of!the!same!community.!'

Addit ional %cr iter ia %might%be%defined%by%donor%or%subsidy%program%requirement: %

%

• Household'Vulnerability'(optional):'!Households!that!meet!the!fiscal!criteria!to!participate!in!the!Housing!Pool!who!have!small!children,!elderly!family!members,!or!family!members!with!a!disability,!can!be!given!a!priority.!!

• Social'Criteria'(optional):'If!required,!specific!criteria!such!as!number!of!members!of!a!family,!couple!headed!households,!gender,!etc.!could!be!included!as!criteria!for!selection.'

!

!

! !

!

34!!

The!Third!Pi l lar: !A!Legal !Process!to!Secure!Land!Tenure!A!Lease!to!the!Developer!

!

!!Prior!to!the!start!of!construction!the!developer!needs!to!have!possession!(lease!or!freeKhold)!of!the!property!to!be!developed.!!The!tenure!needs!to!be!legally!secured!beyond!the!tenor!(duration)!of!the!loan!being!issued!in!order!for!the!lender!to!provide!the!permanent!loan!to!families.!! !

!

35!!

!!


%


Internal!


organizations.!

Negotiation!for!lease!conditions!and!agreements!with!land!owners.!



Facilitate!lease!conditions!and!agreements!to!develop!housing!programs.!Integrate!rules!and!

incentives.!

Private! Land!lords.!Provide!access!to!secure!land!though!

lease!agreeemnts.!

!Brief%basic%explanation%of%the%“lease”%as%a%substitution%of%transfer%of%property,%for%the%

middle%term%implementation%of%affordable%housing%programs:%

It!is!important!to!note!that!there!are!mechanisms!for!transfer!of!public!land!that!is!private!domain!of!the!state,! but! it! is! also! true! that! the! consolidation! of! this! mechanisms! depend! on! the! legal! and! political!development!of!Haiti,!this!is!a!process!that!will!take!a!long!time.!!In!the!case!of!the!CCVP,!it!is!important!to!clarify!that!the!implementing!agencies!are!not+considering+the!transfer+of+the+property+of+the+land+that+is+being+developed.!!While! researching! the!Financial!Haitian!Sector,! this!was!a! recurrent! topic!because! the! land!ownership!could!clarify!the!sense!of!"mortgage"!and!the!sense!of!"collateral"!that!is!implied!in!the!financial!model!of! any! mortgage.! To! address! this! aspect! a! longer! commitment! of! advocacy! and! legal! development!should!be!made!by!different!agencies!in!the!country.!!The!interim!solution!is!a!lease+system!that!does+not+transfer+a+right+to+own,+it+only+transfers+a+right+to+ use.!A!leased!piece!of!property!would!not!serve!as!collateral!but!gives!more!security!to!the!investor!and!the!participants!of!the!program.!!An!important!concept!there,!is!the!"preferential!right!to!buy"!that!the!civil!law!considers,!which!is!based!on!the!idea!that!if!a!person!has!the!right!to!use,!that!person!can!have!a!priority!to!buy!in!case!the!owner!wants!to!sell!the!land.!!!So!thinking!in!the!very!long!term,!the!lease!could!be!the!legal!basis!for eventual!transfer!of!property.

!

36!!

What%are%the%minimum%condit ions%acceptable%to%be%able%to%develop%a%property%with%the%

f inancial %model?%

The!following!are!the!minimum!conditions!that!are!acceptable.!Anything!short!of!this!is!not!viable!for!longKterm!development.!!

1) Freehold!ownership!of!the!land!is!clear!and!legally!confirmed!

2) Landowner!is!willing!to!lease!the!land!via!a!contractually!recorded!document!(the!“Land!Lease”).!

a. Land!Lease!term!must!be!greater!than!or!equal!to![25K75]!years!(a!period!long!enough!to!be!2K3x!the!expected!useful!life!of!the!physical!homes!to!be!built).!

i. The!Land!Lease!allows!subdivision!of!the!land!to!be!governed!by!individual!siteKspecific!rights!of!use!as!described!below.!

b. Land!rent!payment!(“Annual!Land!Rent”)!is!specified!in!the!Land!Lease!via!a!formula!that:!

i. Is!fixed,!and/or!reliably!predictable!in!the!long!term.!

ii. Is!affordable!to!residents,!now!and!in!the!expected!future!term!of!the!Land!Lease.!

iii. Does!not!rise!faster!than!Haitian!CPI!(measured!by!some!objective!standard).!

Once!the!lease!contract!is!signed,!the!investor!and!the!participants!can!have!the!legal!guarantee!that!tenure!is!secure.!!

How%does%payment%for %the% lease%work?% %

The!calculation!of!the!lease!payment!shall!be!part!of!the!monthly!payment!by!individual!households!to!the!Housing!Association.!!

Any!land!improvements!by!the!Lessee!(“Site!Improvements”)!the!cost/!value!of!these!Site!Improvements!could!be!treated!as!payments!against!the!Annual!Land!Rent.!!

What’s %the%process%to%get%a % lease%of %a %pr ivate%property%of %the%state%( in %Hait i )? %

In!order!to!get!a!lease!of!a!land!that!is!owned!by!the!state!under!the!status!of!private!domain!of!the!state,!the!process!shall!be!the!following:!

1. Development!team!requests!approval!from!the!Mayor!of!the!Municipality!for!the!project.!

2. Mayor!drafts!letter!of!request!to!the!Ministry!of!Finance!(MoF)!to!make!a!survey!of!the!property!for!a!specific!use.!

3. When!the!MOF!receives!this!request!they!

i. Verify!ownership!of!the!property!by!the!state.!

ii. Request!a!survey!of!the!property!boundaries.!

iii. Certify!the!survey!as!accurate.!!

iv. Authorize!the!use!of!the!surveyed!property!for!the!requested!activity.!

v. Negotiate!and!execute!a!lease!of!the!property!to!the!development!team.!

!

37!!

The!Fourth!Pi l lar: !Part ic ipatory!Design!Solutions!!

!

!

In!the!same!way!that!the!financial!design!of!the!program!is!based!on!the!community’s!desires!and!capacities,!the!physical!construction!being!designed!and!implemented!is!also!based!on!their!desires!and!financial!capacities.!The!goal!of!this!process!is!to!create!a!final!design!that!is!acceptable!to!the!community!and!meets!the!legal!construction!standards!and!developer!requirements.!!!

The!Developer!collects!these!inputs!on!design!through!a!series!of!design!workshops!with!the!community,!as!well!as!cost!and!technical!assessments.!

! !

!

38!!

!


!


Internal!

Main!leaders!in!the!community:!committees,!religious!leaders,!

political!leaders!and!implementing!organizations.!

Definition!of!house!design!and!urban!planning,!together!with!private!firms.!



Define!rules!and!conditions!for!design!and!urban!planning.!Approve!and!

provide!advice!in!terms!of!design!and!integration!of!the!urban!plan.!

Private! Contractors!

Offer!best!quality!at!best!price!available!in!the!local!market.!Include!the!creation!of!jobs!for!families!living!

in!the!area.!!

Comprehensive,%Participatory%Housing%Model%Design:%

The!conceptualization!of!a!housing!model!or!models!is!part!of!a!social!process!in!which!community!members,!through!their!active!participation,!make!the!main!decisions.!

As!part!of!the!participatory!approach,!the!community!is!invited!to!define!the!types!of!housing!that!they!would!be!willing!to!pay!for,!according!to!their!preferences!and!subject!to!the!budgetary,!technical,!and!legal!requirements.!

What% is %the%relevance%of %this %type%of %design?%

The!objective!of!the!financial!model!is!to!provide!access!to!adequate!housing.!!While!the!term!“adequate”!refers!to!the!important!aspects!of!both!quality!and!space,!it!also!includes!the!cultural!adaptation!and!relevance!of!the!house!as!part!of!this!concept.!In!the!past,!housing!provisions!were!often!defined!by!outside!actors!that!may!not!be!aware!of!the!cultural!conditions!and!preferences!of!the!community.!!This!can!create!risk!within!housing!programs,!and!the!investments!related!to!them.!

It!is!also!essential!for!the!successful!implementation!of!the!financial!model!to!make!sure!that!the!end!user!will!feel!identified!with!the!quality!and!characteristics!of!the!house!in!order!to!incentivize!repaying!the!loan!used!to!acquire!it.!

What%act iv it ies %are% included% in%this %process?%

In!the!case!of!the!Carradeux!program,!the!participatory!design!process!consists!the!following!steps:!!Step+1:+Visit+to+other+housing+projects.!The!objective!of!this!step!is!to!compare!the!expectations!of!the!community!members!to!the!actual!existing!housing!program.!!This!gives!a!context!to!the!discussion!about!an!adequate!housing!model!for!the!targeted!community.!!

!

39!!

Step+2:+Presentation+of+the+possible+designs.!The!Urban!and!Architectural!Design!Team,!based!on!the!previously!described!aspects,!creates!three!preliminary!models!per!income!tier!that!respect!each!of!the!elements!bellow:!

a)!Minimum!Requirements!from!UCLBP!(the!local!government!authority!on!housing)!b)!Legal!Local!and!International!Rules!according!to!Haitian!law.!c)!Cost!Efficiency!d)!Comparison!to!other!housing!projects!

!Step+3:++Workshop+to+define+a+second+set+of+preliminary+models+and+establish+priorities.!The!Community!Mobilizer!organizes!a!set!of!focus!groups!with!the!Urban!and!Architectural!Design!Team!and!community!members!to!present!the!preliminary!models!and!understand!people’s!preferences!and!ideas:!

a)!Top!3!likes!b)!Top!3!dislikes.!c)!Top!1!use!for!each!room.!

!Step+4:!First+Model.!The!Urban!and!Architectural!Design!Team!makes!a!set!of!models!adapted!to!community!member!preferences,!creating!a!new!design!for!each!Tier.!This!design!no!longer!has!the!category!of!preliminary;!it!is!the!first!model!subject!to!adaptations.!!Step+5:+Validation+of+the+designs+by+the+community.!Using!the!same!focus!group!mechanism,!the!Community!Mobilizer!organizes!a!set!of!validation!workshops!with!the!different!focus!groups.!The!Urban!and!Architectural!Design!Team!makes!a!round!of!adaptations,!based!on!these!new!inputs,!to!come!to!a!final!design.!!!Step+6:!Validation+of+the+designs+with+the+local+authority+(in+this+case+the+UCLBP).!The!Community!Mobilizer!organizes!meetings!with!UCLBP!to!present!the!models!defined!under!the!conditions!of!the!housing!policies!and!in!accordance!with!the!community’s!preferences.!!!Step+7:+Adjustment+of+the+model+and+second+community+validation+with+the+authorities’+feedback.+The!Urban!and!Architectural!Design!Team!prepares!a!presentation!of!the!models!approved!by!the!UCLBP!and!make!a!final!validation!with!the!community,!using!the!focus!group!methodology.!!Step+8:+Final+Adaptation.+Final+Presentation.!The!Community!Mobilizer!organizes!a!set!of!focus!groups!with!the!Urban!and!Architectural!Design!team!and!the!community!members!to!present!the!final!model!to!the!community.!If!fully!validated,!this!becomes!to!model!or!set!of!models!to!be!built.!!

%

Conceptualization%of%Housing: %

The!housing!designed!for!families!borrowing!at!lowerKincome!levels!should!be!based!on!both!the!inputs!given!by!the!community,!as!wells!as!the!basic!principles!of!affordability!and!incremental!expandability.!!This!allows!a!project!community!to!grow!their!homes!as!their!families!grow!in!a!safe,!affordable!way.!

In!CCVP,!in!order!to!achieve!greater!service!provisions!at!a!reasonable!cost,!design!concepts,!such!as!a!“core!house”!containing!all!utility!connections,!are!applied!to!all!three!of!the!CCVP!housing!finance!tiers:!

!

40!!

!

!

The%Housing%Design%Considerations%of%CCVP:%

The!site!of!Carradeux!presents!a!microcosm!of!the!environmental!issues!that!affect!the!lives!of!thousands!of!PortKauKPrince!residents,!every!day!of!the!year.!!By!creating!a!comprehensive!urban!plan!for!the!entire!site!with!the!community,!CCVP!presents!design!solutions!that!can!be!used!individually!or!in!various!combinations,!to!the!potential!benefit!of!other!communities!and!other!development!sites.!

• All!structures!proposed!for!Carradeux!include!rainwater!collection!systems!with!integrated!cisterns!for!adaptive!reuse.!!This!lowers!the!number!of!water!deliveries!that!residents!would!need!to!purchase!over!the!course!of!each!year.!!

• Housing!designs!share!common!structural!components!and!septic!systems,!to!lower!the!cost!of!construction,!per!household.!!

• Residents!can!have!options!for!exterior!trim!detailing!and!paint!colors!in!order!to!personalize!their!home!purchases.!!

• Rather!than!fighting!it,!the!housing!and!various!structures!and!elements!of!the!CCVP!urban!plan!can!embrace!the!varying!topography!of!the!Carradeux!site!to!facilitate!water!and!septic!drainage!systems.!

By!working!with!the!landscape,!incorporating!community!and!governmental!feedback,!and!developing!the!capacity!for!a!greater!level!of!individuality!among!different!building!typologies,!Carradeux!becomes!a!more!organic,!culturally!relevant,!and!visually!pleasing!place!to!live!for!a!wide!range!of!households.!!

Comprehensive,%Participatory%Urban%Planning:%

The!overall!urban!plan!of!a!program!site!is!based!on!the!diagnostic!made!by!the!community!in!the!design!phase.!The!advantage!of!this!diagnostic!is!that!it!is!graphically!expressed!in!a!map.!The!map!is!then!transferred!to!a!plan!that!can!later!become!an!urban!plan.!

Using!a!“core”!house!!(center!of!

adjacent!image)!that!unifies!

utilities,!services,!and!stair!

access!allows!the!living!spaces!

designed!around!it!to!vary!from!

house!to!house.!!This!design!

premise!allows!different!families!

with!different!levels!of!income!to!

purchase!a!house!of!a!size!that!

they!can!afford.!!At!the!same!

time,!it!guarantees!that!each!

family!will!be!provided!with!a!

consistent!level!of!reliable!

service!provisions,!regardless!of!

which!housing!Tier!they!can!

afford.!

!

41!!

The!urban!plan!is!intended!to!be!comprehensive!and!to!address!the!urban!priorities!of!the!community!and!its!surroundings,!therefore,!based!on!the!map,!the!Urban!and!Architectural!Design!team!can!begin!a!process!of!recognition!of!the!opportunities!of!development!and!adaptation!of!the!community!priorities!to!the!urban!plan.!!

The!risks!are!also!outlined!in!the!map,!so!that!the!urban!plan!will!consider!mitigation!measures!that!could!be!adapted!to!the!action!plan!proposed!by!the!community.!

In!a!set!of!focus!groups!the!Urban!and!Architectural!Design!Team!transfers!the!risks!and!capacities!map!into!an!urban!planning!proposal,!which!is!defined!and!validated!by!the!stakeholders’!platform!using!the!same!participatory!system!as!the!design!of!the!housing.!

!

The%Environmental%Design%Considerations%of%CCVP:%

Managing!the!environmental!impact!of!regular!heavy!rains!within!communities!is!one!of!the!most!pressing!challenges!facing!housing!development!in!the!urban!areas!of!Haiti.!!On!average,!PortKauKPrince!receives!137cm!(54”)!of!rain!annually.!!For!those!living!within!the!CCVP!community!of!Carradeux,!this!represents!over!36!million!gallons!of!water!per!year!that,!with!proper!planning,!can!be!partially!recycled!for!residential!use.!!!While!the!CCVP!pilot!program!itself!is!limited!in!scope,!the!design!elements!described!below!can!be!developed!for!use!throughout!other!sites!in!a!comprehensive!strategy.!!This!strategy!outlines!how!other!actors!could!use!such!systems!in!other!future!projects,!for!reference.!!The!incorporated!environmental!solutions!to!the!most!urgent,!physical,!environmental!factors!on!the!CCVP!pilot!site!are!described!below:!

• Building[Level'Storm'Water'Management'and'Reuse:!!All!proposed!roof!structures!in!Carradeux!incorporate!a!comprehensive!storm!water!catchment!and!containment!system!for!direct!reuse!of!water!by!a!building’s!occupants.!!Many!households!in!Carradeux!use!a!rain!barrel/gutter!system!in!much!the!same!way,!at!a!very!modest!scale.!!!Many,!more!expensive,!houses!in!Haiti!already!use!such!a!system!so!that!rainfall!replenishes!their!water!supplies.!!In!CCVP!designs,!all!water!that!lands!on!the!roof!of!new!permanent!structures!is!channeled!into!collection!cisterns,!incorporated!into!each!building’s!foundation.!!From!there!it!is!pumped!back!up!to!holding!tanks!on!the!roof!for!distribution.!!By!eliminating!roof!runoff!from!the!precipitation!that!reaches!ground!level,!the!drainage!load!that!ground!level!infrastructure!must!contend!with!is!lowered,!while!providing!a!valuable!resource!to!the!families!residing!in!each!home.!!!!

• Water'management:'displacement'and'containment:!!Precipitation!that!falls!outside!of!the!building!envelopes!(roof!areas)!of!a!given!site!is!handled!using!two!methods:!!displacement!and!containment.!!!!Displacement!is!used!to!direct!water!flow!from!impervious!surfaces!such!as!roads!and!sidewalks,!to!locations!where!it!can!do!no!harm!to!residents.!!Examples!of!displacement!include!drainage!channels,!underground!drains!and!drainage!pipes.!!!!Containment!is!used!for!rain!falling!on!pervious!surfaces,!such!as!green!space!and!interior!pedestrian!travel!paths,!in!order!to!prevent!gradeKlevel!soil!saturation,!runoff,!and!subsequent!soil!destabilization.!!Haiti,!in!general,!is!made!up!of!soil!with!high!levels!of!clay.!!The!more!clay!in!the!soil!of!a!given!site,!the!more!difficult!it!is!for!water!to!be!absorbed,!and!the!greater!chance!it!will!turn!

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into!surface!runoff!that!can!cause!damage!to!surrounding!structures.!!In!the!case!of!CCVP,!green!spaces!have!drywells!or!“soak!pits”.!!These!pits!are!holes,!dug!into!the!earth,!and!then!filled!with!gravel!and!rock!in!different!layers!of!diameter.!!!This!gravel!creates!a!kind!of!filter!so!that!water!may!enter!the!well,!but!solid!debris!cannot.!!These!wells!can!be!left!open,!or!buried!and!covered!with!vegetation!to!conceal!them.!!Each!well!serves!as!a!place!that!water!can!collect!and!stay.!!!

• Wastewater'(Sewage):!!Using!a!linked!septic!system,!where!multiple!houses!in!a!community!are!serviced!by!linking!them!to!common!wastewater!treatment,!lowers!the!cost!to!each!individual!household!using!the!service.!!In!CCVP,!wastewater!from!the!housing!units!is!drained,!via!gravity,!to!common!septic!tanks!located!as!required!by!the!urban!plan.!The!total!number!of!living!units!within!a!dictates!the!total!number!of!collective!septic!tanks!required.!!As!a!general!rule,!each!septic!tank!in!the!master!plan!is!never!less!than!10!meters!away!from!a!water!cistern!tank!as!a!minimum.!!By!design,!septic!tanks!are!also!always!located!at!a!lower!elevation!than!cisterns!as!an!additional!safety!feature.!!Each!septic!tank!is!buried,!with!only!their!access!hatches!and!ID!markers!visible.!!The!ID!markers!are!metal!posts!embedded!in!the!ground!between!the!buried!tank!and!the!sidewalk/street,!each!with!a!unique!identification!number.!!These!ID!numbers!are!what!the!Housing!Association!uses!to!coordinate!septic!cleaning!with!a!service!provider,!at!the!correct!location.!!The!visibility!of!these!posts,!their!individual!ID!tags,!and!their!proximity!to!the!street!facilitate!the!process!of!cleaning.!!

• Solid'waste:'Collection:!!Solid!waste,!such!as!garbage,!can!be!handled!in!a!manner!very!similar!to!sewage.!!Within!the!master!plan,!a!series!of!common!trash!collection!points!are!located!on!the!same!service!road!envelope.!!The!number!of!collection!points!is!again!based!on!the!total!household!population!of!the!urban!plan!of!the!community.!!!Since!these!collection!points!will!be!more!regularly!serviced!than!septic!tanks,!individual!identification!is!not!necessary.!!!The!garbage!collection!points’!proximity!to!a!service!street!facilitates!the!process!of!removal,!and!this!removal!of!trash!from!different!areas!of!the!community!can!alternate!between!different!days,!as!orchestrated!by!the!Housing!Association!with!the!service!provider.!!In!Carradeux,!the!community!would!organize!trash!collection!and!cleaning!of!public!and/or!commonKuse!spaces,!just!as!they!do!today.!

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From%Design%Development%to%Construction%Drawings:%

Once!the!Urban!and!Architectural!Design!Team!have!a!validated!set!of!urban!planning!and!housing!typology!designs,!those!designs!are!then!broken!down,!engineered,!and!drafted!in!construction!sets.!!These!construction!documents!are!the!plans!that!engineers!will!use!to!price!the!construction,!create!an!open!bid!to!hire!the!contractor!or!contractors!who!will!build!the!houses!and!associated!infrastructure,!and!verify!the!progress!and!quality!of!the!construction!as!it!takes!place.!!These!documents!include!site!planning!with!locations!for!infrastructure!and!all!housing!typologies,!structural!reinforcement!specifications,!elevations,!typical!sections,!utility/services!plans!(electricity,!water,!and!septic),!and!detail!drawings!of!each!beam,!column,!and!footing!condition!in!the!project.!

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Section%4:% Implementation%

The!First !Pi l lar: !Community!Engagement!Introduction!to!a!Housing!Association!

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As!explained!in!the!First!and!Second!Pillars!of!the!Section'3,!a!participating!community!has!gone!through!a!diagnostic!process!and!has!made!a!plan!according!to!its!priorities.!At!the!same!time,!the!process!for!implementation!of!the!financial!model!has!been!explained!and!included!in!the!community’s!action!plan.!

In!that!plan,!a!savings!program,!defined!within!this!document!previously!as!the!Housing!Pool,!is!included!as!the!mechanism!to!qualify!members!of!the!community!to!access!a!loan!and!finance!a!house.!!At!this!point,!the!community!is!introduced!to!the!concept!of!a!Housing!Association,!with!bylaws!and!rules!that!define!how!their!regular!payments!will!be!used,!and!their!rights!and!obligations!as!members.!

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Community%Engagement%and%Training% in%Savings%and%Credit: %

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What% is %a %savings%program?%

The!savings!program!consists!of!a!set!of!trainings!and!monthly!deposits,!in!formal!bank!accounts,!that!will!allow!the!community!members!of!the!Housing!Pool!to!understand!the!savings!concept!and!begin!saving!in!order!to!qualify!as!a!potential!participants!in!the!permanent!loan.!

How%is % i t % implemented?%

Based!on!the!previous!engagement!process,!the!community!already!knows!the!Community!Mobilizer!and!the!characteristics!and!conditions!of!the!program.!Also!through!the!diagnostic,!the!Community!Mobilizer!ensures!that!the!community!already!knows!the!actual!activities!related!to!savings!and!credit!repayment.!The!process!to!begin!the!implementation!is!based!on!that!previous!understanding.!

According!to!the!agreements!on!communication!and!participation!made!with!the!community,!the!Community!Mobilizer!adapts!the!savings!program!to!the!existing!credit!and!savings!habits!of!the!community!and!invites!all!the!members!of!the!community!to!a!meeting!related!to!the!implementation!of!a!Savings!Program.!

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Introducing%the%Governance%Structure%of%the%Loan:%The%Housing%Association:%

Before!community!households!can!make!an!informed!choice!to!enter!the!Housing!Pool!and!qualify!for!a!loan,!they!must!first!engage!in!a!series!of!workshops!to!gain!an!understanding!of!the!rules,!roles,!rights,!and!obligations!that!come!with!acquiring!and!repaying!that!loan.!!This!engagement!is!the!first!step!in!the!creation!of!a!Housing!Association.!

What% is %the%Housing%Associat ion?%

The!Housing!Association!is!a!legal!entity,!constituted!by!the!households!selected!from!the!Housing!Pool,!in!which!each!selected!household!takes!possession!of!one!of!the!finished!houses.!The!Association!is!responsible!for!the!repayment!of!the!permanent!loan!and!the!management!of!the!newly!constructed!portion!of!a!neighborhood.!If!desired,!the!development!foundation!or!developer!may!also!maintain!a!seat!on!the!board!for!the!purposes!of!continuing!support!to!the!Association.!!How%are%the%rules%of %the%Housing%Associat ion%defined?%

When!a!Housing!Pool!member!qualifies!and!is!selected!!(see!the!Second!Pillar!of!this!section!for!qualifying!criteria)!they!sign!an!agreement!that!establishes!their!membership!in!the!Housing!Association.!!The!Housing!Association!has!bylaws,!which!describe!how!the!loan!is!repaid!through!it.!!These!rules!are!defined,!in!large!part,!by!the!requirements!of!the!lender!and!the!protections!used!to!safely!maintain!the!Association’s!creditworthiness!to!the!lender!(see!the!Section'5!of!this!document!for!

information!on!repayment!tracking!and!borrower!protections).!!!

However,!there!are!other!rules!that!determine!the!governance!structure!of!this!Association,!such!as!establishment!of!a!Board!to!manage!it,!voting!requirements!for!different!kinds!of!decisions!that!may!need!to!be!made,!and!procedures!for!the!resolution!of!disputes!among!members.!!These!kinds!of!operational!guidelines!can!be!introduced!and!subsequently!refined!by!the!participating!community,!or!they!can!be!developed!in!conjunction!with!the!community!through!engagement.!!

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The!primary!goal!of!this!particular!engagement!is!the!validation!of!the!Housing!Associations!rules!by!the!

community!members!who!will!have!to!abide!by!them!after!taking!the!loan.!!!!

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Implementation%Sequence%for%Meetings%and%Registration:%

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Community%meetings%related%to%credit %options%for %housing: %

1. Through!roleKplay!sessions!(the!number!of!sessions!is!decided!based!upon!the!community’s!size!and!participation!levels)!the!repayment!of!a!loan!is!explained!to!the!community!members.!!

2. The!session!has!the!objective!to!describe!how!the!process!of!qualification!works!and!how!it!would!work!once!a!family!is!selected!to!get!a!loan.!!

3. This!explanation!is!supported!with!flyers!and!posters!to!reinforce!the!message.!!

4. The!meetings!finalize!with!an!invitation!to!all!the!interested!members!of!the!community!to!come!to!the!Savings!Program!Registration.!The!facilitators!of!this!meeting!shall!emphasize!that!the!requirement!to!be!registered!in!the!savings!program!is!to!have!a!formal!ID!(so!bank!accounts!can!be!established).!

Savings%Program%Registrat ion: %

a. The!Community!Mobilizer!defines!a!number!of!sessions!to!register!all!the!people!interested!in!the!savings!program.!!

b. Once!registered,!the!interested!members!of!the!community!are!invited!to!trainings!in!order!to!understand!the!savings!concept!and!the!opening!of!a!bank!account!process.!!

c. After!the!first!session!of!training,!the!interested!members!shall!open!an!individual!bank!account.!!

d. Once!the!accounts!are!opened,!the!members!that!achieved!this!goal!enter!into!a!set!of!trainings!regarding!basic!financial!knowledge.!These!families!now!constitute!the!Housing!Pool!and!will!begin!saving!to!qualify.!!

e. According!to!the!registration!of!monthly!deposits,!the!families!have!their!track!record!up!to!date;!after!12!months!those!who!have!saved!the!amount!defined!without!any!interruption!qualify!to!participate!on!the!lottery!that!will!choose!the!members!of!the!Savings!Program!that!will!get!the!loan.!!

f. After!the!selection!is!made!through!the!lottery!the!members!of!the!savings!program!shall!be!divided!in!the!selected!group!and!the!substitution!group,!this!group!can!continue!saving!in!order!to!qualify!for!a!substitution!if!necessary.!!

g. The!selected!group!will!then!constitute!the!Housing!Association.+ !

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The!Second!Pi l lar: !The!Financial !Model!Savings!Transactions!to!qual ify!

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The!Housing!Pool!families!select!a!savings!level!based!on!the!three!Housing!tiers!and!begin!12!months!of!regular!savings!at!that!rate.!!That!monthly!savings!target!that!includes!both!the!cost!of!servicing!their!potential!debt!to!the!lender!and!the!expected!association!fee,!which!will!cover!utilities,!services,!and!contributions!to!both!the!reserve!and!cash!collateral!funds.!!

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Once%a%Housing%Pool % is %created, %how%do%you%choose%which%famil ies %wi l l %be%g iven%a% loan?%

Members!of!the!Housing!Pool!who!meet!their!savings!target!qualify!to!participate!in!a!lottery!selection!process.!!The!Housing!Pool!families!select!a!savings!level!based!on!the!three!Housing!tiers!and!begin!12!months!of!regular!savings!at!that!rate.!!That!monthly!savings!target!includes!both!the!cost!of!servicing!their!potential!debt!to!the!lender!and!the!expected!association!fee,!which!will!cover!utilities,!services,!and!contributions!to!both!the!reserve!and!cash!collateral!funds.!!!!This!saveKtoKqualify!system!creates!a!record!of!savings!capacity!for!a!family!living!in!a!cash!economy,!and!substitutes!the!need!for!pay!stubs!as!a!proof!of!income.!!In!the!case!of!Carradeux,!125!of!the!qualifying!households!are!selected!by!lottery!to!formally!join!the!Housing!Association!and!take!on!the!responsibility!for!payment!of!the!permanent!loan.!!The!selection!criteria!to!qualify!for!the!lottery!includes!the!following:!!

1. Savings'Threshold:!!Households!that!save!the!cash!equivalent!of!12!months!of!regular!payments!as!deposits!in!their!bank!account!for!the!house!they!have!selected!(Tier1,!Tier2,!or!Tier3).!!

2. Installment'Payment'Capacity:!!It!is!not!enough!to!simply!have!the!money!in!the!amount!required.!!Families!must!prove!the!regularity!at!which!they!can!make!fixed!monthly!payments.!!

Those!chosen!by!the!lottery!constitute!the!Housing!Association.!%

How%is%the%association%constituted?%

The!selected!households!sign!a!preKvalidated!set!of!bylaws!and!provide!a!subscription!payment!to!the!housing!association!equal!to!the!12!months!savings!accrued!to!qualify!for!selection.!For!an!example!template!of!the!pilot!agreement!can!be!found!in!Annex!5.!!What%is%the%subscription%payment%used%for?%

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1. Payment!of!interest!on!the!Foundation’s!construction!loan,!the!principal!of!which!is!to!be!paid!off!by!the!permanent!loan.!

2. Community!Cash!Reserve!3. Community!Cash!Collateral!

Why%do%we%need%a%housing%associat ion?% %

The!Association!is!created!in!order!to!have!a!legal!entity!though!which!the!selected!households!can!collectively!repay!the!loan.!!!What%are%the%advantages%of %creating%a%housing%associat ion?%

!• Collective!support!for!repayment.!• Social!pressure!for!meeting!your!obligations.!• Lower!administrative!costs.!

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What%happens%to%the%remaining%households%who%are%not%selected%for%the% loan?%

The!Housing!Pool!families!who!are!not!selected!become!part!of!a!Substitution!Pool,!which!serves!as!part!of!the!repayment!protections!for!both!the!lender!and!borrower.!!These!families!could!also!preKqualify!for!potential!future!housing!loans.!!!

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The!Third!Pi l lar: !Legal !process!to!Secure!Land!Tenure!Transfer!of !Right!to!Use!to! Individual !Members!

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Once!the!terms!and!conditions!of!a!lease!have!been!negotiated!between!the!landowner!and!the!Developer!(in!the!case!of!CCVP!the!Foundation),!a!rightKofKuse!is!granted!to!the!individual!members!of!the!Housing!Association!by!the!lessee.!! !

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Why%create%a%Development%Foundation?%

CRS!and!Cordaid!as!two!international!entities!needed!to!create!a!joint!venture!in!order!to!take!the!roles!and!responsibilities!required!of!a!Developer.!

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Why%establ ish%a% lease%and%a%r ightTtoTuse?%

Establishing!individual!agreement!of!right!to!use!between!the!lessee!and!families!provides!the!following!advantages:!

• Allows!for!the!development!team!to!take!possession!of!the!property!prior!to!the!selection!of!qualified!families!and!constitution!of!the!Homeowner’s!Association,!so!that!construction!can!commence!while!families!are!saving!to!meet!the!qualifying!targets.!

• Individual!members!are!granted!the!same!security!of!tenure!as!provided!for!in!the!lease!conditions.!

• In!the!Haitian!legal!context!transferring!the!rightKofKuse!rather!than!executing!a!subKlease!allows!the!Association!to!enforce!the!conditions!of!membership!outlined!in!the!bylaws,!including!substitution!of!families!who!have!defaulted!on!their!obligations.!

What%happens%when%the% loan% is %repaid? !

Once!the!loan!is!repaid!the!lessee!(Development!Foundation)!transfers!the!lease!to!the!individual!households!along!with!the!separate!titles!to!their!houses.!

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What%happens%to%the%households% i f % the% lessor%rescinds%the% lease?%

The!right!of!use!grants!the!member!households!the!same!protections!as!those!written!into!the!lease.!In!the!case!of!stateKowned!land,!by!law,!any!improvements!made!by!the!lessor!shall!be!reimbursed!if!the!lease!is!terminated.!!

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What%happens% i f % the% loan%goes% into%default?%

If!the!Association!defaults!on!the!loan!the!right!of!use!will!be!rescinded!from!all!member!households!and!control!of!the!property!will!revert!to!the!lessee.!

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The!Fourth!Pi l lar: !Part ic ipatory!Design!Solutions!Construction!

!With!validated!designs!for!housing!and!infrastructure!in!place,!and!construction!documents!drafted,!the!Developer!is!ready!to!begin!the!construction.!!In!order!to!do!this,!a!process!for!pricing,!bidding,!and!implementing!is!followed!while!Housing!Pool!families!save!in!the!qualifications!process!described!in!the!Second!Pillar!of!this!Section.!

During!construction,!teams!of!engineers!monitor!all!construction!activities!to!ensure!that!the!contractors!are!building!to!the!provided!specifications,!address!any!concerns!that!may!arise!in!the!field!while!building,!and!ultimately!inspect!the!final!housing!products!to!verify!that!they!meet!quality!standards!and!are!ready!for!occupancy.!

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Pricing%Construction%and%Scope%of%Work%for%Contractors:%

The!complete,!full!construction!documents!of!the!Design!Phase!allow!the!Engineering!Team!to!quantify!the!total!amount!of!construction!materials!required!in!the!project!and!to!account!for!potential!leftover!waste!material!created!during!that!construction.!!Engineers!use!this!data!to!create!a!Scope!of!Work,!a!Bill!of!Quantity!for!the!materials!and!labor!needed,!and!to!create!a!Preliminary!Price!Estimate!for!the!project,!as!designed.!

What% is %the%Scope%of %Work%used%for?%

The!Scope!of!Work!is!a!document,!outlining!the!general!criteria,!requirements,!timeframe,!and!activities!of!the!construction!process.!!It!is!used!to!provide!a!summary!of!what!a!contractor,!bidding!to!perform!the!work,!will!need.!!The!Scope!of!Work!document!is!provided!to!each!contractor!bidding,!along!with!a!complete!set!of!the!construction!documents!so!that!they!may!price!their!bids!according!to!their!projected!costs.!

What% is %B i l l %of %Quantity %used%for?%

The!Bill!of!Quantity!is!a!document,!usually!in!the!form!of!a!table!or!chart,!which!breaks!down!every!act!of!construction!in!the!Scope!of!Work!into!its!constituent!material!parts.!!As!an!example,!in!a!Bill!of!Quantity,!all!reinforced!concrete!used!in!beams!and!columns!are!broken!down!into!the!different!metal!reinforcement!bars!and!the!total!volume!of!concrete!(by!bag)!needed!to!build!them.!!This!chart!is!used!by!the!Developer!to!create!the!Preliminary!Pricing,!and!a!blank!version,!showing!only!quantities!but!no!initial!pricing,!is!given!to!each!bidding!contractor!so!that!they!can!provide!their!costs!in!the!same!format.!

What% is %the%Prel iminary%Pric ing%used%for?%

Preliminary!pricing!by!the!Developer!is!the!means!used!for!comparing!the!bids!received!by!multiple!contractors.!!When!contractors!provide!their!bids,!each!estimate!is!compiled!together,!along!with!the!Preliminary!Pricing,!to!see!how!close!they!are!to!the!original!estimate!and!to!compare!and!contrast!the!materials!pricing!used!by!each!party.!

How%is %the%Prel iminary%Pr ic ing%calculated?%

The!pricing!is!based!on!the!previous!construction!experiences!of!the!Developer,!coupled!with!the!consistent!updating!of!market!prices!for!specific!materials!by!the!Engineering!Team.!!These!updates!are!even!more!important!in!a!Haitian!context,!as!the!cost!of!certain!materials!can!range!widely!between!different!suppliers!and!are!subject!to!potential!fluctuations!that!need!to!be!accounted!for!to!prevent!overruns!in!cost.!!Other!costs!are!also!included!in!the!Preliminary!Pricing,!such!as!estimated!labor,!mobilization,!renting!of!equipment!(such!as!excavators),!the!hauling!of!debris,!and!the!creation!of!a!depot!for!secure!material!storage!on!site.!!

Bidding%of%Construction%Drawing%Implementation%by%Local%Contractors :%

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Why%use% local %contractors?%

The!Financial!Model!was!designed!with!the!intention!of!promoting!sustainable!development.!!In!order!to!do!this,!promotion!of!local!businesses!in!project!implementation!is!a!necessity.!!By!using!a!new!ability!to!access!credit,!the!Financial!Model!creates!a!new!market!for!services,!which!will!allow!local!businesses!to!sustain!themselves,!grow,!and!increase!employment!opportunities!for!still!others.!!This!increased!access!to!employment!will!increase!the!number!of!families!with!the!capacity!to!access!new!credit,!thus!

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reinforcing!a!positive!economic!cycle.!!The!first!step!in!establishing!this!cycle!is!through!local!construction!contracts.!

What%steps%are% involved% in%the%bidding%process?%

The!bidding!process!for!different!Developers!can!vary!in!details!from!one!to!another.!!However,!the!key!components!required!in!a!bid!process!are!usually!the!same.!!Listed!below!are!the!steps!used!in!soliciting!bids,!reviewing!received!bids,!and!hiring!a!contractor!to!complete!construction,!based!on!their!bid.!!

Step+1:+Pre]bid+meeting+with+potential+contractors.!After!issuing!a!call!for!bids,!potential!bidders!are!asked!to!meet!in!order!to!present!the!construction!project!and!give!each!contractor!the!opportunity!to!ask!initial!questions!regarding!the!construction.!!At!this!preKbid!meeting,!each!potential!contractor!is!given!the!Scope!of!Work,!Bill!of!Quantity,!and!Construction!documents!for!the!project.!!A!deadline!for!submission!of!completed!bids!is!given!at!the!meeting,!as!well!as!an!explanation!of!the!format!and!bid!requirements!to!be!considered!during!the!review.!!Step+2:+Bidding+period.!The!bidding!period!is!the!time!given!to!contractors!to!assemble!their!bids.!!This!time!period!can!vary,!depending!on!the!size!and!scope!of!a!given!project.!!During!this!period,!contractors!are!welcome!to!submit!questions!to!the!developer!as!required!to!complete!their!pricing.!!Step+3:++Analysis+and+review+of+collected+bids+by+a+Bidding+Committee.!Once!all!bids!have!been!submitted,!a!Bidding!Committee!reviews!them!for!their!content.!!This!review!includes,!but!is!not!limited!to,!the!following:!!

1)!All!required!materials!are!included!–!Missing!prices,!schedules,!or!labor!costs!will!result!in!disqualification!from!receiving!the!contract!!2)!Comparison!of!Costs!–!Contractor!bids,!which!contain!all!required!material,!are!compiled!into!a!table!with!the!original!Preliminary!Pricing!in!order!to!compare!each!bid!with!the!original!estimate!and!with!each!other.!!!!3)!Comparison!of!Work!Plan!and!Scheduling!–!Contractors!are!compared!not!only!by!their!overall!projected!cost!to!complete!the!project,!but!also!the!schedule!they!create!in!order!to!complete!the!construction!on!time.!!4)!Prior!contract!history!(if!any)!–!Contractors!are!typically!vetted!before!being!able!to!bid!on!projects,!but!many!potential!bidders!have!previous!work!experience!which!can!be!used!as!a!guide!to!future!performances.!!This!track!record,!if!any!exists,!can!be!either!positive!or!negative,!depending!on!the!previous!projects’!outcome!(overall!quality),!timetable!(any!delays),!and!cost!(any!overruns!exceeding!the!initial!bid!submission).!!!

Step+4:!Contractor+Selection.!The!Bidding!Committee!scrutinizes!each!eligible!submission!and!weighs!the!pros!and!cons!of!cost!versus!timeframe!for!completion.!!A!contractor!who!is!under!the!Preliminary!Pricing!estimate!may!also!require!more!time!to!complete!the!project.!!The!contractor!who!submits!the!

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winning,!agreed!upon!by!the!Bidding!Committee,!is!then!offered!the!contract!for!construction!of!the!project.!!Step+5:+Signing+of+Contract.!The!winning!contractor!then!signs!the!binding!agreement!to!implement!construction!of!housing!and!infrastructure,!per!the!Developer’s!requirements,!per!the!price!and!schedule!of!their!bid!submission.!!!

Implementation%of%Construction:%

With!the!bidding!process!complete,!construction!of!housing!can!begin.!!While!this!construction!is!taking!place,!the!households!selected!for!the!Housing!Pool!are!make!their!regular!deposits!to!the!bank!in!order!to!qualify!for!a!permanent!loan.!!

How%is %construct ion%paid%for, %pr ior %to%a %permanent% loan?%

The!initial!construction!cost!can!be!paid!for!in!different!ways,!depending!on!the!Developer.!!In!the!case!of!CCVP,!a!bridge!loan!or!“Construction!Loan”!is!issued!to!the!developer!in!order!to!allow!construction!to!take!place!while!Housing!Pool!families!are!saving.!!The!final,!permanent!loan,!given!to!the!Housing!Association,!is!used!to!pay!off!this!initial!Construction!Loan.!!If!the!Developer!is!the!landowner,!or!chooses!to!provide!financing!to!borrowers!themselves,!such!a!Construction!Loan!is!not!required.!

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Supervision%of%Construction:%

Monitoring,!regular!reporting,!and!inspections!are!a!necessity!during!the!construction!process.!!They!are!the!standard!of!measure!used!to!determine!that!a!project!is!on!time,!and!in!line!with!the!specifications!developed!with!the!community.!!This!supervision!is!the!means!by!which!a!contractor!is!paid!for!the!work!they!perform.!

In!the!case!of!CCVP,!this!supervision!is!designed!around!Field!Teams,!each!with!a!Site!Engineer!and!Site!Supervisor,!who!report!concerns,!questions,!and!progress!on!a!daily!basis.!!These!Teams!are!also!responsible!for!monitoring!construction!as!it!takes!place,!making!sure!that!concrete!is!mixed!properly,!structural!reinforcement!is!installed!appropriately,!and!finishes!are!applied!correctly.!!These!reports!are!submitted!to!a!Coordinator,!who!is!responsible!for!compiling!them!and!tracking!the!overall!progress!of!construction.!!These!Progress!of!Completion!Reports!are!used!to!authorize!payments!to!the!contractor.!!If!there!is!an!issue!with!any!aspect!of!the!construction,!the!coordinator!can!work!with!the!Design!Team!and!the!contractor!to!resolve!it.!!If!there!is!a!quality!control!issue!with!something!built,!the!Coordinator!can!withhold!payment!to!the!contractor!until!the!issue!is!corrected.!

Proper!monitoring!of!construction!is!important!for!both!the!successful!execution!of!housing!and!the!successful!repayment!of!the!permanent!loan!used!to!acquire!those!houses.!!Because!families!are!taking!on!a!debt!in!order!to!pay!for!the!housing!built!with!this!Financial!Model,!it’s!very!important!that!the!quality,!habitability,!and!durability!of!the!homes!constructed!meet!with!the!community’s!expectations!as!paying!customers.!!In!order!to!do!this,!monitoring,!regular!reporting,!and!inspections!are!a!necessity.!

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Above!is!an!image!depicting!the!organization!of!site!supervisors!for!the!CCVP!program.!

It!is!important!to!note!here!that!the!team!that!supervises!construction!on!any!given!project!can!take!different!forms!and!can!be!scaled!up!or!down,!depending!on!the!work!being!performed,!and!the!schedule!for!construction!being!maintained.!!Larger!projects!involving!multiple!locations!or!sites!where!construction!will!also!take!place!during!the!evening!generally!require!more!site!teams,!in!order!to!allow!for!rotations!and!comprehensive!reporting.!

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Inspection%of%Completed%Construction:%

It!is!not!uncommon!in!many!countries!to!require!an!occupancy!inspection!of!new!construction,!prior!to!a!new!building’s!use.!!In!the!Haitian!context,!the!governmental!capacity!to!conduct!these!inspections!is!limited,!and!requires!support!from!the!Developer.!!This!is!an!important!milestone!for!both!the!lender!and!the!future!occupant!taking!on!the!permanent!loan.!!The!inspection!certifies!that!the!workmanship!and!value!of!the!final!product!is!worth!the!money!being!lent!while!at!the!same!time!verifying!for!the!borrower!that!the!product!they!are!purchasing!with!the!loan!meets!with!their!expectations.!!While!the!loan!within!the!Financial!Model!relies!on!cash!as!a!collateral,!the!hope!is!that,!eventually,!lenders!in!Haiti!could!eventually!accept!the!house!itself!as!partial!or!full!collateral!in!the!future.!!The!Occupancy!or!“CloseKin”!inspection!is!an!important!step!in!that!process.!

Occupancy!inspections!are!very!straightforward.!!Site!engineers!and!supervisors!go!from!house!to!house,!verifying!the!finishes,!quality,!and!functionality!of!the!structure!and!finishes.!!Every!light,!every!electrical!outlet,!all!wiring,!paint,!plaster,!windows,!doors,!and!plumbing!fixtures!are!tested!for!functionality.!!The!inspector!keeps!a!standardized!list,!called!a!Punch!List.!!This!list!provides!a!standard!means!for!inspecting!every!home,!and!provides!a!record!of!any!faults!discovered!over!the!course!of!the!inspection.!!Any!item!of!work!found!to!be!incomplete!or!nonfunctional!is!noted,!located,!and!compiled.!!This!compiled!list!is!then!given!to!the!contractor!to!make!any!required!repairs,!adjustments,!or!

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amendments.!!It!is!only!after!the!contractor!has!addressed!Punch!List!concerns!that!they!will!be!paid!their!last!installment!for!the!completed!work.!!!

An!example!template!for!the!CCVP!Punch!List!is!included!here,!in!Annex'6!of!this!document.!

With!all!construction!complete!and!all!inspections!successful,!the!permanent!loan!can!be!issued,!qualified!families!can!move!into!their!new!home,!and!the!repayment!process!for!the!permanent!loan!used!to!purchase!the!house!can!begin.!

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Section%5:%Repayment%and%Enforcement%

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Offtake:! ! Issuing!a!Loan!to!Selected!Housing!Customers!!

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Offtake!represents!the!completion!of!all!processes!required,!prior!to!issuing!the!permanent!loan!to!the!members!of!the!Association.!!What!follows!is!a!description!of!mechanisms!used!for!repayment,!postKconstruction.!

At!completion!of!construction!a!simultaneous!closing!occurs,!in!which:!

a. Permanent!loan!is!activated.!b. Partial!guarantee!(if!involved)!is!activated!(meaning!it!is!in!force!and!to!be!invoked!

based!on!subsequent!contingent!events!such!as!default).!c. Construction!loan!is!paid!off!by!the!permanent!loan.!

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How%is %the%permanent% loan% issued%to%households?%

The!housing!association!signs!a!permanent!loan!agreement!with!the!lender.!The!housing!association!then!uses!the!subscription!fee!to!establish!two!accounts!as!required!by!the!loan!terms:!

1. Deposit!into!a!Community!Cash!Reserve!account,!equal!to!4!months!worth!of!full!loan!payments!by!the!Association.!!

2. Deposit!into!a!Community!Cash!Collateral!account,!which!will!serve!as!security!on!the!permanent!loan.!

What% is %the%purpose%of %each%of %these%accounts?%

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• Community'Cash'Reserve:!!The!Community!Cash!Reserve!is!money!that!stays!in!the!Housing!Association’s!collective!account!and!is!used!to!ensure!that!a!loan!repayment!can!be!made!on!time,!even!in!the!event!of!a!missed!or!late!deposit!by!an!individual!Association!member!household.!!In!CCVP,!this!Cash!Reserve!represents!4!months!of!full!repayment,!in!order!to!give!the!Housing!Association!the!time!needed!to!track!any!missing!deposits!among!its!members.!!This!4Kmonth!amount!is!fixed,!and!any!funds!in!the!account!in!excess!of!4!months!are!transferred!to!a!Cash!Collateral!Account.''

• Community'Cash'Collateral'Account:!!This!is!money,!in!excess!of!the!Reserve!limit,!set!aside!in!another!account!as!collateral!for!the!permanent!loan.!!This!Collateral!grows!with!each!successful!monthly!payment.!!As!the!community’s!collateral!grows,!the!initial!loan!guarantee!used!decreases.'

How%is %the%repayment%of %the%permanent% loan%managed?%

Each!Household!makes!regular!monthly!deposits!in!their!individual!accounts,!in!the!amount!set!according!to!their!selected!house!(Tier!1,!2,!or!3).!!

!Above!is!an!image!depicting!the!three!house!tiers!of!CCVP,!their!associated!costs,!and!the!resulting!monthly!

payments!expected!for!savings!qualification!and!ultimate!permanent!loan!repayment,!once!that!loan!is!made.!

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A!portion!of!this!payment!is!then!transferred!to!the!Association’s!account!in!order!to!service!their!debt!and!supplement!the!Community!Cash!Reserve!and/or!Community!Cash!Collateral,!depending!on!the!current!level!of!the!Reserve!account.!!Another!portion!of!these!funds!are!transferred!to!the!Association!for!payment!of!regular!monthly!service!and!utilities!charges!(see!Diagram!below).!!!!

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The!association!is!responsible!for!monitoring!and!maintaining!a!record!of!deposits.!!As!Households!make!deposits!to!their!accounts,!they!receive!a!receipt!for!the!transfer!of!their!loan!payment!to!the!Association’s!account.!!!

When!the!Association!uses!the!transferred!deposits!to!make!a!monthly!loan!payment,!the!lender!issues!a!monthly!loan!statement,!completing!the!cycle!until!the!next!payment!is!due.!

Statements!and!receipts!are!compiled!by!the!Association!in!order!to!verify!that!Households!are!meeting!their!individual!obligations.!!If!families!meet!their!lender!obligations!in!a!timely!manner,!this!bankKcertified!data!will!serve!as!proof!of!concept!for!the!financial!model!and!a!negotiating!tool!with!lenders!to!reduce!interest!rates!on!future!loans.!Families!who!do!not!meet!their!obligations!will!be!subject!to!a!late!repayment!penalty!system.!

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Depicted!above!is!the!mechanism!for!debt!service!and!monitoring!of!the!Housing!Association.!

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A%System%of%Debt%Protection%and%Enforcing%Repayment%Obligations:%

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What%happens% i f %a %household% is %unable%to%make%their %monthly %payment?%

If!a!household!is!unable!to!make!the!monthly!payment!the!association!covers!the!missed!payment!with!the!community!cash!reserve!and!activates!a!penalty!system!based!on!the!following.!!!

Requesting%a%Waiver%(PreTPenalty): %

If!a!household!who!is!currently!in!good!standing!is!aware!that!they!may!be!late!in!making!a!regular!deposit!due!to!unforeseen!family!expenses,!that!Household!may!give!notice!and!request!a!waiver!of!the!late!deposit!penalty!from!the!association.!!Each!Household!that!is!currently!in!good!standing!is!allowed!one!waiver!per!year.!!If!they!do!not!repay!the!late!deposit!in!the!subsequent!billing!period,!the!penalty!is!reinstated.!!!!

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Housing%Association%Penalty%System:%

The!Association!uses!the!record!of!receipts!given!(and!monitored!by!the!Foundation)!in!order!to!determine!which!household!is!responsible!for!a!missing!deposit.!!Once!a!delinquent!household!is!identified,!the!internal!cooperative!penalty!mechanism!has!several!stages:!

'!

Above!are!the!penalty!stages!for!nonOrepayment!of!the!debt!service!of!the!Housing!Association.!

% %

Subst itut ions: %

In!the!event!of!a!Household!missing!a!3rd!installment!in!a!3Kyear!period!that!Household!is!considered!to!be!in!default!and!thus!is!required!to!forfeit!their!rightKofKuse!to!the!dwelling!and!membership!in!the!Housing!Association.!The!housing!association!can!then!substitute!a!prequalified!Substitution!Family!in!order!to!maintain!the!overall!permanent!loan!and!prevent!default.!!

Lender%Establ ished%Penalty %System:%

If!at!any!point!the!Association!cannot!make!the!full!monthly!payment,!any!penalties!defined!by!the!lender!within!the!loan!agreement!would!be!applied.!!By!establishing!the!Community!Cash!Reserve,!the!financial!model!is!designed!specifically!to!give!Association!Families!protections!from!late!payments!in!order!to!provide!them!with!the!opportunity!to!handle!individual!late!payments!internally.!Maintaining!the!cash!reserve!at!an!amount!equivalent!to!4!months’!full!loan!payments!ensures!that!the!Housing!Association!has!significant!time!to!address!any!instances!of!individual!nonKpayment!or!default!without!affecting!the!overall!cost!and!security!of!the!collective!loan.!'''What%happens%when%the%loan%is%ful ly%repaid?%

%

When!the!longKterm!loan!is!fully!repaid,!all!obligations!are!extinguished.!The!community!cash!collateral!and!any!remaining!reserve!amounts!are!distributed!to!individual!households!according!to!their!tier!specific!contribution!to!these!accounts.!Any!additional!funds!remain!with!the!Housing!Association!for!use!in!ongoing!management!and!maintenance.!!

Once!the!loan!is!fully!repaid!the!Housing!Association!may!vote!to!dissolve.!Should!this!occur!any!remaining!funds!would!distributed!among!members!equally.!! !

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The!Annexes!

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Introduction: !The!following!sets!of!supporting!documents!are!included!here!as!guides!or!examples!of!the!various!components!found!within!the!CCVP!financial!and!governance!structures.!!Included!are!depictions!of!the!processes!for!finance,!explained!in!detail!in!the!previous!sections.!!Copies!of!the!socioeconomic!survey,!market!research,!general!agreements,!and!bylaws!needed!in!order!to!establish!a!permanent!loan!are!also!included!within!the!Annexes.!!These!documents!are!provided!with!the!hope!that!they!can!serve!as!a!template!framework!for!other!implementing!actors,!who!can!expand!and!build!upon!them!in!the!Haitian!context,!or!tailor!and!modify!the!frameworks!for!use!in!other!contexts.!! !

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Annex!1:!Example!of!a!Family:!

Annex!2:!Market!Research!

Annex!3:!Integrated!Diagrams!

Annex!4:!Socioeconomic!Survey!Template!(With!Carradeux!Results)!

Annex!5:!Legal!Agreements!

Annex!6:!Example!Occupancy!Inspection!Checklist!!

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Annex!1:!Example!of!a!Family!

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CCVP LOAN FINANCED HOUSING PROGRAM Family Espere wants to become a homeowner

~'?--i CCCI

Affordable Hoosing lnsriruie

FAMILY ESPERE

Mtt Family Espere lives with three children in the Carradeux Camp in Tabarre. CRS and Cordaid are leading a development project to make this camp a permanent neighborhood and Family Espere wants to participate.

Many aspects of the Carradeux Community Revitalization Project will include the

participation of the whole community, however as there

will only be 125 homes built in the pilot stage, a qualification process has been set up to select the residents who will join the housing association and

live in the pilot houses.

Unlike many other housing

projects in the area, these homes will be partially financed through a long-term housing loan. Thus, the families must

buy into the project, and will be responsible for making monthly re-payments on the loan. To facilitate this the qualified residents will be organized into a housing association.

Family Espere lives in the geographic area specified for Village 1, and thus is eligible to participate in the qualification process.

Among other criteria, Family

Espere will have to prove that it can consistently meet a monthly savings target which has been set equivalent to that which will be required for repayment of the housing loan, and other costs associated with the upgraded houses (land rent, utilities,

and a management fee for the co-operative).

If Family Espere meets the

targets. the savings accumulated during the period of qualification will be used by the Association to create a debt reserve account

and initial cash collateral for the loan.

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PROCESS OF BECOMING A HOMEOWNER

CRS and CORDAID communicate the Carrodeux Community VitolizoHon Project Housing Program to the residents of Carradeux and carry out a socio-economic assessment of all households in the neighbourhood to assess their capacity to make co-payments towards the construction costs of the houses. CRS and CORDAID also form a development foundation, CarDev, which will hold the lease on the site to be granted by the Government of Haiti.

CRS and CORDAID make a determination of the boundaries of the pilot Village l, and inform the residents who is eligible to enter into the Qualification Program. Family Espere applies for the program. Upon fulfilment of the initial eligibility criteria, the family is accepted in a Savings-for-Housing Program, which is established by CRS and CORDAID to enable the Family to save for a down payment for their future home, and to establish a track record of savings which will prove their ability to consistently repay the future loan. CRS and CORDAID establish a development sub-entity, TiCarDev 1, that holds the lease to the area of Village 1 and oversees construction of the houses.

Construction activities on the site start and family Espere needs to move out of their T-shelter to give way to the construction of the new houses. During the

construction phase of the project the family lives temporarily with a family member in a different place and makes regular monthly savings deposits. TiCarDev 1 retains the titles to the completed houses.

Upon completion of the construction activities and successful completion of the savings program Family Espere qualifies to enter into the Village 1 Housing Association (HOA-1). HOA-1 takes out a long-term loan to pay for rights-of-use for the houses. Under this contract, the development entity TiCarDev 1 agrees to

transfer the title to the home after HOA-1 has fully repaid the loan.

At the beginning of the loan period the family makes the compulsory upfront down payment from their accumulated savings. This payment will be used by HOA-1 to establish a debt service reserve, and a cash collateral account. At the same time the family starts to make monthly payments to HOA-1 that are composed of land rent, loan payment, utilities, additional debt service reserve, and a small management/maintenance fee.

Upon fulfilment of the contractual obligations, especially the agreed payment conditions, family Espere receives the title to their home and becomes responsible for the management and maintenance of the building. They continue to pay HOA-1 a monthly payment for land rent, utilities, and management of common areas.

r-~ ,... ~

LOAN PAYMENT PHASE Expected to be 10-15 years

Monthly loon Payments

... § ~ "(

"'

OWNERSHIP PHASE

A Mn

CONSTRUCTION PHASE Expected to be 12 months Start of

Loan period

9 Start of

Ownership End of construction

PRE-CONSTRUCTION PHASE Expected to be 6 months Start of

~ ffjjfiiiQi*·l· -

tth Family Espere

expresses in terest in

joining the qualification

program and is approved by

CRS

construction

Family Espere enters into the Savings for Housing

Savings Deposits

Program and starts making regular monthly savings deposits for their down payments

Accumulated Savings Deposits

--------------------------Upon qualificotion Family Espere joins the Housing cooperaHve and places their accumulated savings in the Association's account for use

in the cash reserves ond cash collateral.

~ Family Espere Begins making monthly payments to the Association, covering land rent, loan debt service, utilities, and management fees.

Monthly Management and Maintenance Payments to the cooperative

Family Espere pays the last of the loon payments.

------Family Espere assumes home ownership and become responsible for the management of their house. They continue to pay the Association for land rent and utilities.

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Annex!2:!Market!Research!

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Market!Research:!Housing!Demand!in!Hait i !

1.1:$$Ability+to+pay!An!estimated!72%!of!Haiti’s!population!survives!on!less!than!$2!per!day,!and!as!many!as!56%!lives!on!

less!than!$1!a!day—creating!a!large!segment!of!the!population!who!simply!do!not!have!the!financial!

means!to!repay!housing!loans.!Please!see!Table!1!for!an!abstract!of!Haiti’s!vital!statistics.!Until!livelihood!

measures!are!introduced!and!incomes!are!raised,!the!only!housing!finance!option!for!this!population!of!

“very!lowHincome”!persons!is!likely!to!be!subsidies.!Any!other!financing!mechanism!is!simply!

unaffordable!and!infeasible!to!this!market!segment.$

There!is!a!small!segment!of!potential!borrowers!known!as!the!“gap!class”!who!earn!between!$240!and!

$500!in!Haiti.1!The!“gap!class”!comprises!20%!of!the!urban!population!and!10%!of!the!total!population,!

and!lies!above!poverty!levels!but!below!middleHincome!groups.!This!“gap!class”!represents!likely!targets!

for!HMF!products!to!rebuild!current!homes!or!provide!partial!financing!for!buying!new!houses.!

Table!1. !Abstract !of !v ita l !stat ist ics ! in !Hait i !

Indicator$ Measure$ $Economic'Measures' ! !

GDP!per!capita! $1,200!! !

Avg!household!income!in!PortHauHPrince! $4,800!! !

Percentage!of!population!in!poverty! 72%! !

Housing'Demand' ! !

Avg!HH!size!in!PortHauHPrince! 4.97! !

Availability!of!housing! 577,547! units!

Earthquake!affected!housing! 107,000! units!

Annual!housing!demand! 50,000H60,000! units!

Average!monthly!rent!(informal!area)!! 2,000H4,000! HTG!

%!of!PortHauHPrince!HHs!in:! ! !

Temporary!housing! 22.60%! !

Living!in!housing!damaged!by!earthquake! 42.90%! !

Avg!house!area!in!PaP! 26.78! sq.m.!

Avg!number!of!bedrooms! 1.59! !

Housing'Finance' ! !

Plans!for!financing!home! ! !

Buy!outright!with!case! 22.40%! !

Buy!outright!with!cash!and!help!from!family/friends! 19.00%! !

Buy!outright!with!cash!and!help!from!employer! 5.20%! !

Combination!of!down!payment!and!loan! 53.40%! !

Estimated!down!payment! 49,018! HTG!

PaP!residents!planning!to!borrow!money!from!source:! ! !

Commercial!bank! 31.70%! !

Private!developer! 19.00%! !

Cooperative! 12.70%! !

Lender! 30.20%! !

Family/friends! 50.00%! !

Employer! 14.30%! !

Microfinance!agencies! 12.70%! !

Other!sources! 14.30%! !

(Source:)USAID,)1)December)2011,)Housing)Demand)in)Port=au=Prince.))

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1 USAID, August 2011, Assessment of Options for Stimulating Housing Finance in Haiti.

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1.2:$$Access$to$housing$finance!The!financial!sector!in!Haiti!is!underdeveloped,!with!a!ratio!of!private!sector!credit!to!GDP!at!only!12%HH

one!of!the!lowest!in!the!world.2!As!of!June!2011!the!banking!system!had!the!equivalent!of!$3.7!billion!in!

assets!and!$833!million!in!loans,!leaving!as!much!as!$1!billion!available!to!lend.!However,!there!has!been!

almost!no!bankHoriginated!debt!for!low!to!moderateHincome!housing.!There!has!been,!and!continues!to!

be,!mortgage!money!available!for!both!construction!financing!and!end!loans!to!private!developers!and!

end!users!for!mid!to!highHend!housing,!both!multiHfamily!and!singleHfamily.!This!debt,!however,!is!

difficult!to!access!as!it!comes!either!at!very!high!rates!of!interest!or!requires!substantial!collateral!and!

the!undertaking!of!cumbersome!application!procedures.!Formal!documentation!can!include!proof!of!up!

to!three!years!of!formal!employment,!land!title!and!additional!assets,!which!makes!it!inaccessible!to!the!

majority!of!Haitian!households.!!

Domestic!financial!institutions!seem!almost!entirely!uninterested!in!extending!themselves!into!proHpoor!

or!quasiHformal!lending!or!collateral!situations.!

1.3:$$Major$players$in$banking$sector$The!Haitian!banking!sector!comprises!seven!private!banks!and!two!state!owned!banks,!Banque!

Nationale!de!Crédit!(BNC)!and!Banque!Populaire!Haïtienne!(BPH).!The!sector!is!highly!concentrated!with!

the!top!three!banks—Sogebank,!Unibank!and!BNC—accounting!for!82%!of!assets,!71%!of!loans!and!83%!

of!all!deposits!in!the!banking!system.3!Citibank!NA!and!Scotiabank!are!the!two!foreign!banks!that!have!

local!branches!in!Haiti.!Societé!Générale!Haïtienne!de!Banque!d’Epargne!et!de!Logement!(Sogebel),!a!

subsidiary!of!Sogebank,!the!largest!bank!in!Haiti,!is!the!only!mortgage!bank!in!Haiti.!Please!see!Table!2!

for!an!overview!of!the!major!financial!institutions!in!Haiti.$

Table!2. !Total !Value!and!Bank!Shares!of !Al l !Assets, !Loans, !and!Deposits !as!of !September!

31, !2012! in!Hait ian!Gourdes!(HTG)! !

Assets Loans Total Deposits

HTG 170.556 million HTG 51,860 million HTG 146,838 million

Percent Position Percent Position Percent Position

Unibank 53.453 m 1 17.175 m 1 46.470 m 1

Sogebank 45.856 m 2 16.212 m 2 38.599 m 2

BNC 41.606 m 3 6.348 m 3 36.616 m 3

Capital Bank 9.428 m 4 4.109 m 4 7.915 m 4

Citibank 5.578 m 5 1.585 m 7 4.737 m 5

Scotiabank 4.590 m 6 2.087 m 6 4.168 m 6

Sogebel 4.311 m 7 2.090 m 5 3.272 m 7

BUH 3.275 m 8 1.384 m 8 3.228 m 8

BPH 2.101 m 9 0.872 m 9 1.833 m 9

Total 170.556 m 51 860 m 146.838 m Source: Banque de la République d’Haiti, September 2012.

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!2 USAID, Assessment of Options for Stimulating Housing Finance in Haiti, August 2011. 3 BRH Website. September 2012: www.brh.net

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There!is!strong!demand!for!housing!loans,!especially!after!the!devastating!impact!of!the!earthquake!on!

Haiti’s!housing!stock.!Despite!high!banks!liquidity,!the!mortgage!lending!volume!remains!low!for!several!

reasons!including:!

• Perception!of!high!credit!risk!due!to!volatile!political!and!economic!conditions.!

• Low!income!of!borrowers.!

• Limited!formal!sector!employment.!

• Lack!of!credit!bureau!resulting!in!difficulty!in!attaining!and!assessing!credit!worthiness!of!

borrowers.!

• High!house!prices!due!to!limited!supply!of!housing.!!

• Reluctance!from!banks!to!lend!to!those!without!solid!collateral,!which!is!rare!in!Haiti.!

The!terms!and!conditions!on!mortgage!loans!drive!up!the!cost!of!mortgage!financing,!making!it!

expensive!to!borrow!for!housing.!In!addition!to!the!20H30%!down!payment!required!for!most!

mortgages,!high!transaction!costs!including!a!mortgage!registration!tax!between!3.5%!and!7%!drives!up!

the!cost!of!mortgage!finance.!Total!closing!costs!equal!approximately!11%!of!the!property!price!for!a!

home!purchase.!The!result!is!that!mortgage!financing!remains!expensive!and!out!of!reach!for!most!

Haitians.!

Residential!mortgages!constitute!a!minor!portion!of!total!bank!lending,!with!a!larger!portion!of!bank!

lending!comprised!credit!to!wholesale!and!retail!trade,!consumers!and!financial!services.!Residential!

mortgages!constitute!only!8.3%!of!total!loans!outstanding!(HTG!32.88!billion)!as!of!March!31,!2011.!The!

value!of!housing!loans!by!major!financial!institutions!can!be!seen!in!Table!3.!

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Table!3. !Value!of !housing! loans!(December!2009!and!June!2010)!

Dec-09 Jun-10

HTG 000 US $000 HTG 000 US $000

Sogebank 23,067 577 22,343 559

Unibank 639,406 15,985 564,042 14,101

BNC 495,480 12,387 454,274 11,357

Capital Bank 336,250 8,406 292,674 7,317

Sogebel 912,036 22,801 847,572 21,189

Scotiabank 636,063 15,902 596,744 14,919

Citibank 11,883 297 11,205 280

BUH 57,935 1,448 52,836 1,321

BPH 70,244 1,756 66,003 1,650

Total 3,182,364 79,559 2,907,693 72,693 Source: Banque de la République d’Haiti and USAID, August 2011, Assessment of Options for Stimulating Housing Finance in Haiti.

Sogebel,!the!only!dedicated!mortgage!bank!in!Haiti,!is!the!largest!lender!and!constitutes!29%!of!the!

sector’s!total!housing!lending.!It!has!about!650!loans!in!its!loan!portfolio—70%!residential!and!the!

remainder!commercial.!Since!the!January!2010!earthquake!Sogebel!has!primarily!written!commercial!

loans.!While!Unibank!and!Scotiabank,!the!next!largest!housing!lenders,!also!offer!some!housing!loans,!the!

overall!lending!volume!is!quite!low.!!

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In!addition!to!banks,!a!few!caisses&populaires!or!“credit!unions”!also!offer!home!loan!products.!These!

loans!typically!target!home!improvement!and!range!from!three!to!five[year!loans!of!$2,500!to!$5000.!

Interest!rates!usually!vary!between!18[30%!per!annum.!Land!is!the!preferred!collateral.!Borrowers!tend!

to!be!salaried!professionals!who!are!members!of!the!cooperative.!!

Sogesol,!Haiti’s!largest!microfinance!institution!also!is!planning!to!upscale!a!home!improvement!loan!

product!with!1.5!to!2!year!maturity.!Interest!rates!are!between!2%!and!5%!per!month!(the!same!as!the!

rates!on!their!other!microfinance!products).!The!use!of!housing!microfinance!loans!has!been!limited.!!

Initiatives!to!attempt!to!improve!access!to!housing!finance!include!a!housing!finance!liquidity!facility!set!

up!by!OPIC,!USAID,!the!Clinton!Bush!Foundation,!and!Development!Innovations!Group.!The!facility!will!

lend!for!micro[mortgages,!housing!microfinance!and!SMEs!for!business!development!purposes.!!

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1.4:$$Housing$microfinance$The!reach!of!the!microfinance!sector!in!Haiti!is!small,!covering!less!than!1%!of!the!total!population!with!a!

gross!loan!portfolio!of!$70.1!million!as!of!2011.4!In!comparison,!microfinance!institutions!(MFIs)!in!

Paraguay!reach!26%!of!the!population,!and!21%!in!Mexico.5!!

As!of!September!2009,!MFI!loan!portfolios!were!equal!to!11.6%!of!commercial!bank!loans.!MFIs!lend!out!

more!than!half!of!their!assets!in!loans,!while!than!commercial!banks!lend!less!than!a!third!of!their!assets.!

MFIs!affiliated!with!banks!are!successful!at!mobilizing!savings!and!building!up!a!depositer!base!that!is!one!

third!of!that!of!commercial!banks.!Most!bank[affiliated!MFIs!receive!funding!from!their!parent!financial!

company.!As!of!2010,!the!average!loan!balance!per!MFI!borrower!was!$661!and!$18,230!for!commercial!

bank!borrowers,!as!seen!in!Table!4.!The!difference!in!the!average!loan!balance!for!MFI!and!commercial!

bank!customers!reflects!the!institution’s!different!intended!target!user!and!loan!use.!For!MFIs,!the!target!

customer!is!a!low[income!individual!who!uses!the!loan!for!an!income[generating!purpose.!!

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!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!4 Mix Market “Microfinance in Haiti: Country Profile” <http://www.mixmarket.org/mfi/country/Haiti/balance_sheet_usd.total_assets%2Ccalculation_usd.average_balance_borrower%2Cbalance_sheet_usd.total_borrowings%2Cflatstore_mfi_mfdb_data.mix_diamonds__c%2Cbalance_sheet_usd.gross_loan_portfolio%2Cproducts_and_clients.total_borrowers%2Ccalculation_usd.write_off_ratio/0> Accessed December 16, 2012. 5 IFC “Prospects for Financing within the micro-housing value chain in Haiti” August 2011.

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Table!4. !Largest !Hait ian!microf inance! inst itut ions!as!of !2010!

Source:!!Banque!de!la!République!d’Haiti!and!USAID,!August!2011,!Assessment!of!Options!for!Stimulating!Housing!

Finance!in!Haiti.!*!Data!unavailable.!

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Currently,!only!two!MFIs!offer!specific!housing!loan!products:!Kotelam,!a!non[profit!associatation,!and!

Sogesol,!a!commercial!MFI.!Most!MFIs!are!reluctant!to!expand!into!the!housing!microfinance!space!due!

to!perceived!low!borrower!repayment!capacity!due!to!low!and!volatile!income!and!the!high!costs!of!

competing!consumption!goods!(food,!transportation!and!school!fees).!MFIs!are!also!hesitant!to!offer!HMF!

products!for!fears!about!the!poor!construction!quality!of!incremental!building.!A!solution!could!be!to!

include!technical!assistance!building!programs!for!HMF!borrowers!and!helping!borrowers!and!lenders!to!

identify!a!cadre!of!reputable,!skilled!and!quality!contractors.!

Name Number of Active

Borrowers

Number of Depositors

Gross Loan Portfolio ($)

Avg Loan Size ($)

Write-off Ratio

Debt to Equity ROE Portfolio Yield

ACME 21,906 *

13,642,791

623 27.97% 3.39 -45.50% 44.88%

FINCA - HTI 8,122 *

1,216,000

150 0.00% * * *

Fonkoze 15,866 70,023

2,864,933

181 * 5.71 -384.12% 34.94% Fonkoze (SFF) 35,332 164,289

11,631,331

329 10.78% 45.16 -1240.92% 31.85%

IDM 4,590 7,115

858,665

187 * * * *

MCN 7,784 *

14,057,623

1,806 12.52% 1.49 16.17% 46.13%

SOGESOL 11,440 *

15,474,486

1,353 12.43% 8.06 7.45% 52.01%

Total

105,040

241,427

59,745,829

661

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Table!5. !Selected!examples!of !housing!f inance!experiences! in !Hait i !

Experiences and Examples of Conventional Mortgage Finance Sogebel Sogebel is the housing arm of Sogebank. Borrowers must have

proof of sufficient income and repayment capacity over duration of loan. Spgebel has a portfolio amounting to 1,739M HTG, 77% of which goes towards real estate. However the number of actual loans is very low – less than 700 in 2011, and they do not finance low-income families.

Unibel Unibel offers mortgage finance for up to 20 years. Finance is offered for construction, renovation or purchasing a home. Unibel will finance up to 70% of the cost of the project. Loan applications require evidence of employment, bank statements, real estate project description, loan application and proof of identity. These requirements exclude most Haitians.

Capital Bank Capital Bank offers a mortgage product competitive with other offers, with a LTV ratio of 70% up to 20 year terms, and monthly repayments not to exceed 30% of income. Documentation for application is extensive including bank statements, credit card records, land and surveying title, and proof of identity.

Scotia Bank Scotia Bank is the Haitian counterpart of Nova Scotia, a Canadian bank, in operation since 1973. They offer 30 year mortgages requiring 25% down payment, which can be reduced to as low as 5% if the customer takes out mortgage insurance. Documentation required is extensive including fire and damage insurance, land title, proof of income and identity, surveyor reports of the property.

Experiences and Examples of Subsidized Mortgage Finance BNC and BPH Public banks BNC and BPH started the Kay Pam program in 2011,

which is specifically aimed at offering housing finance products to middle-income residents. Product characteristics: 8% interest rates, long-term lending up to 30 years. The program, however, has been largely unsuccessful due to the rigidity of eligibility requirements, including a down-payment of 30%, records of formal employment for the past 3 years and clear land title. This experience shows that banks will need to become more flexible in qualification criteria to reach lower-income groups and expand the market.

Experiences and Examples of Housing Microfinance Habitat for Humanity Fund for Housing

HfH had a fund for housing construction in Haiti but repayments dropped radically after the earthquake. HfH charged only 1% interest per annum, over a period of 10 years, which is not financially sustainable due to failure rates reaching up to 25% and the costs of administration and loan collection.

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Although a positive experience of extending housing finance to the poor, such a business model is not practical or profitable for private sector to develop so will not be scalable.

Fonkoze Fonkoze is Haiti's largest micro-finance institution offering a full range of financial services to the rural-based poor in Haiti. In 2006, with the support of Habitat for Humanity, Fonkoze offered a home improvement product to its proven clients for small projects such a roof, adding a latrine or foundations. The program was ended in 2008 due to low repayment rate. Fonkoze considered that their clients were too poor to repay a loan large enough to cover the costs of housing construction, and also struggled under the weight of repaying multiple loans (SME and Housing), at the same time as being hit by multiple natural disasters in 2008.

Koperativ Tet Ansanm Pou Lavi Miyo (KOTELAM)

KOTELAM (Koperativ Tet Ansanm Pou Lavi Miyo) is a cooperative credit union founded in 1989 in the West Department of Haiti. It has 43,000 members and 58 staff, as of September 2009, and between 1500-2000 active borrowers, predominantly of small enterprise loans. KOTELAM offered a mortgage loan at interest rate between 20% - 24% p.a and 1.5% commission. The housing loan has a maximum amount of 73,171HTG for a period of between 3-15years. Payment is monthly. Collateral is through a real guarantee, and obligatory savings of 10% of the amount of the loan.The model of credit unions lending to members is a positive example of how Haiti can improve the availability of housing microfinance.

Le Levier Le Levier is a cooperative of 24 credit unions, including KOTELAM, around Haiti. They are currently developing housing microfinance products for purchase of land, purchase of home, construction, and renovation over incrementally larger amounts and time periods of 5-10 years. Access to low-interest finance, such as from the OPIC housing finance liquidity facility will lower end user interest rates compared to commercial rates for microfinance.

Sogesol In operation since 2010, Sogesol is the microfinance wing of Sogebank and predominantly finances SMEs. Sogesol reported less than 100 housing loans in 2012, yet has currently partnered with the IFC and are developing a strategy to expand their portfolio of housing microfinance. Sogesol also benefit from guarantees from USAID, which further encourages lending in new markets.

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Annex!4:!Socioeconomic!Survey!Template!

(With&Carradeux&Results)&! !

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TERMS&of&REFERENCE&(Translation)!

Survey&household&in&Carradeux&area!

Objectives&of&the&household&survey!The!main!objectives!of!this!survey!are!as!follows:!!

• Determine!the!level!of!expenditure!for!accommodation!of!displaced!people!before!the!quake.!!!

• Determine!if!the!displaced!had!the!capacity!to!cover!their!costs!of!housing!prior!to!the!earthquake.!!!

• Determine!the!level!of!income!as!well!as!the!level!of!expenditure!of!the!displaced.!!

• Determine!whether!the!displaced!have!the!ability!to!cover!their!cost!of!housing!today.!!

Methodology&of&the&investigation!To!achieve!these!goals,!we!will!conduct!a!survey!by!sampling!households!living!in!the!camp!"Carradeux”.!Survey!questions!will!be!sent!to!heads!of!households!or!spouses!and!will!be!conducted!using!iPods!Touches.!

1)!! Meeting!with!the!Central!Committee!!

2) Surveyors!communicate!with!the!community!!

Sampling!Camp!Carradeux!contains!1572!households!divided!into!10!neighborhoods.!Using!the!formula!for!the!minimum!sample!size!based!on!a!hypergeometric[1]approximation,!we!have!obtained!a!sample!size!equal!to!314.!!

On!the!assumption!that!the!trays!have!the!same!number!of!households,!170,!this!leads!us!to!a!circulation!of!sample!proportional!to!size.!So!in!each!tray,!we!will!have!to!interview!32!households.!I.e.!32!households!x!10!tray!equal!320!households!surveyed.!!Sample!randomly,!disaggregated!by!TUShelters!(800)!and!Tents!(770)!

Each!household!will!be!chosen!after!counting!five!tents!or!TUShelters,!thereby!ensuring!the!impartiality!in!this!investigation.!

Collection,/processing/and/analysis/of/data!Data!collection!will!be!carried!out!by!a!staff!of!10!investigators[2]!over!a!period!of!three!days.!Investigators!will!be!recruited!on!skills!and!experiences!in!quantitative!surveys.!A!training!session!will!be!organized!for!investigators!on!the!techniques!of!data!collection,!questionnaires,!!and!the!use!of!iPods.!

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A!supervisor!will!be!responsible!for!the!verification!of!iPods!and!synchronization.!The!treatments!and!tests!will!be!provided!by!representative!of!MFDD!using!Excel!and!SPSS!as!statistical!software.!

Chronogram/of/activities!

Activities! Week&1! Week&2! Week&3!

D1! D2! D3! D4! D5! D1! D2! D3! D4! D5! D1! D2! D3! D4! D5!

Preparation!of!the!Tor!and!questionnaire!

!! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !!

Finalization!of!the!Tor!and!questionnaire!

!! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !!

Programming!of!iPods!

!! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !!

Recruitment!of!investigators!!

!! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !!

Training!for!investigators!!

!! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !!

Test!of!the!questionnaire!

!! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !!

Data!collection!! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !!

Data!processing!! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !!

Data!analysis!! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !!

1e!draft!report! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !!

Comments!on!the!report!

!! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !!

Final!report! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !! !!

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[1]!n!=!2pq!Nz!^!/!(E!^!2!(NU1)!+!z!^!2pq);!n!=!sample!size;!N!=!population!size;!p!=!probability!that!the!household!has!the!ability!to!pay!x%!of!housing!costs!(0.5);!q!=!probability!contrary;!E!(+/U)!=!error!(0.05);!z=confidence!level!(1.96)!

[2]!Note:!1!or!2!investigators!ACAT.!

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Questionnaire!of!the!household!survey!in!the!area!of!Carradeux!(Translation)!

A.&H&Preliminary&information & 1&H&name&of&the&investigator: &

& 2&H&Date&of&the&survey:&_&/&_&/&_ & 3&H&#&Plateau: & 4&H&#&Home:

B.&H&Demographic&information ! 1.HGender&of&respondent:& a) Male !!!!!!!!b)!Female 2&H&Age&of&respondent:... ! 3&H&Are&you&registered&in&the&camp&by&(IOM/IFRC)?&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 4&H&Are&you&the&head&of&the&household?& a) Yes b) No 5&H&If&3&=&No&&What&is&the&sex&of&the&head&of&&household? !!!!!!!a)!Male!!b)!Female

6&H&Marital&status&of&head&of&household?&&a) Married b)!Dom.!Partnership!!!c)!Divorced!!!!!!!!!!!d)!Single!e)!widowed!

7&H&Education&level&of&the&head&of&household?&&a) primary b) secondary c) academic/prof. d) literacy e) none 8&H&Number&of&children&in&the&household&(H18&years)?&………………………………… 9&H&Total&#&of&people&in&the&household:... 7.1!#!men:...!!!!!!!!7.2.!#!of!women:...

V.&H&employment&and&income

1&H&How&many&people&in&the&household&regularly&work&to&earn&the&money?&….

1.2.&H&Number&of&men?&……………..&H&1.3&Number&of&women?&……………………..

2&H&Number&of&people&who&do&

these&activities&(H/F)?& Activities Men Women

2.1.&small&business& ……… ……. 2.2.&worker&(const&/&agriculture) ……… ……. 2.3&driver&tap&H&tap ……… ……. 2.4&driver&motorbike&taxi ……… ……. 2.5&employee&public&sector ……… …….. 2.6&employee&private&sector ……… …….. 2.7&employee&NGOs ……… ……… 2.8&teacher ……... ………

3&H&Number&of&people&in&the&

household&with&these&levels&

Level&of&education Men Women

a) Primary'! ……… ………

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85!

of&education&(H/F) b) Secondary'! ……… ……… c) Academic/professional'! ……… ……… d) Literacy'! ……… ………

e) No'! ……… ……… 4&H&How&much&of&money&do&these&people&bring&into&the&household&total,&per&month?&………….

4.1.&If&the&household&head&works,&how&many&years&of&experience&there&in&his&current&job?&…………

5&–&Are&there&people&living&abroad&who&send&you&money?&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No

6&H&If&5&=&Yes,&how&much&money&do&they&send&to&you?

7&H&How&often&do&you&receive&such&transfers?&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Weekly b) Monthly c) Annually

8&H&When&was&the&last&time&you&received&a&transfer?

9&H&Do&you&own&real&estate&property&(land,&House)?&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No

9.1&H&if&9&=&Yes,&a&what&do&you&consider&to&be&the&monetary&value&of&these&assets?

9.2&H&If&9&=&Yes,&Are&these&properties&rented?&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No

9.2.1&H&if&9.2&=&Yes,&how&much&do&you&receive&per&month&for&these&goods?&………………………….

10&–&Do&you&get&help&from&NGOs&or&other&institutions?&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No

11&H&if&10&=&Yes&&&&What&types&of&assistance?

12&H&if&10&=&Yes&&&&When&did&you&receive&this&help?&

&

D.&H&savings&and&Credit 1.HDo&you&usually&save&money?&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 2&H&If&1&=&Yes,&where&save&you?

&

a)&Bank (a)!Yes!!!b)!no b)&Micro&finance&Institution (a)!Yes!!!b)!no c)&Soil&or&Sabotay (a)!Yes!!!b)!no (d)&MUSO (a)!Yes!!!b)!no (e)&other,&specify ……………………..

3&H&How&often&save&you&money?&a) daily b) weekly c) monthly 4&–&Do&you&save&money&every&time? 5&H&What&is&the&total&amount&of&your&savings&to&date?& 6&H&Did&you&used&to&access&credit?&&&&&&&a) Yes b) no 6.1&if&6&=&Yes,&what&is&the&source?&&&&&&&a) Bank b) Cooperative c) Microfinance Institutions &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&d) usurers e) family f) neighbors g) friends h) other

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86!

6.2.&H&Si&6&=&Yes,&what&was&the&amount&of&the&most&recent&credit?&………………………. H&6.3&if&6&=&Yes,&Have&you&repaid&all&of&the&credit?&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 7&H&if&6.3&=&Yes,&Did&you&respected&the&repayment&period?&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 8&H&Si&6.3&=&No,&Why?&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) repayment period not yet complete &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&b) lack of money &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&c) other (specify)...

E.&H&expenditure 1&H&How&much&have&you&spent&these&last&30&

days? 1.1&food,&beverages&and&tobacco …………….. 1.2&public&transport&(household) …………….. 1.3&petrol&vehicle …………….. 1.4&lottery …………….. 1.5&water …………….. 1.6&electricity …………….. 1.7&energy&for&cooking&/&generator ……………..

2&H&How&much&have&you&spent&last&12&

months?& 2.1&housing …………….. 2.2&repair&home …………….. 2.3&furniture& …………….. 2.4&clothing&(members&of&the&

household) ……………..

2.5&purchase&of&vehicle&(car&or&

motorcycle) ……………..

2.6&vehicle&repair …………….. 2.7&insurance&for&vehicle …………….. 2.8&Education& …………….. 2.9&health …………….. 2.10&loisirs&(sports,&games,&travel) …………….. 2.11&funeral&of&a&loved&one ……………..

&

F.&H&Housing&before&the&earthquake&of&January&12,&2010 1&H&What&type&of&House&did&you&live&in&

before&the&quake? (a)!low!House!steel!!!!(b)!MultiUstory!house!! (c)!low!House!in!concrete!!!(d)!slum (e)!large!apartment!!!(f)!Villa (g)!TUShelter!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!(h)!Tent!!

2&–&Can&you&give&us&the&address&of&this&House?&………………………………….. 2.1&H&How&many&years&did&you&live&in&this&area?&…………….. 3&H&Were&you&the&owner&of&this&House?&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 4&–&Did&this&House&have&these&services? 4.1&HRE (a)!Yes!!!b)!no

4.2&DINEPA (a)!Yes!!!b)!no 4.3&places&of&comfort&(WC) (a)!Yes!!!b)!no

!

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87!

5.&H&If&you&were&tenant,&what&was&the&cost&of&housing?&……………………. 6&H&A&how&often&did&you&pay&rental&costs? ((a)!monthly!b)!quarterly!!!!!!

(c)!semiUannual!d)!annual

7&H&Were&you&able&to&pay&this&amount&for&housing?&&&&&a) Yes b) No

G.&H&housing&now 1&H&what&type&of&House&do&you&live&in&now? (a)!low!House!steel!b)!MultiUstory!house!!

(c)!low!House!in!concrete!d)!slum ((e)!large!apartment!f)!Villa g) T#Shelter!h)!tent!!

2&–&Can&you&give&us&the&address&of&this&House?&………………………………….. 2.1&H&How&many&years&have&you&lived&in&this&area?&…………….. 3&H&Are&you&owner&of&this&House?&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 4&H&this&home&has&these&services? 4.1&HRE (a)!Yes!b)!no

4.2&DINEPA (a)!Yes!b)!no 4.3&places&of&comfort&(WC) (a)!Yes!b)!no

5.&H&If&you&are&renting,&how&much&do&you&pay&in&accommodation&costs?&……………………. 6&H&A&how&often&you&pay&accommodation&

costs? ((a)!monthly!b)!quarterly (c)!semiUannual!d)!annual

7&H&Are&you&able&to&pay&this&amount&for&housing&today?&a) Yes b) no

H.&H&Documentation 1&H&Do&all&members&of&the&household&have&a&birth&certificate?&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 2&H&If&1&=&no,&How&many&who&do&not?... 3.HIf&1&=&no,&Of&those&who&don’t,&did&some&have&them&and&lose&them&?&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 4&H&If&4&=&Yes,&there&are&how&many?&…………………. 5&H&How&many&children&aged&0&to&24&months&in&the&household?&…………………. 6&H&Do&all&of&these&children&have&their&birth&certificate?&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 7&H&if&6&=&No,&How&many&do&not?&…………………… 8&–&Does&the&primary&person&who&

brings&money&into&the&household&have&

these&identity&documents?

8.1&H&NIF&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 8.2&H&CIN&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 8.3&H&Passport&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 8.4&H&Licence&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 8.5&H&Extract&archive&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 8.6&H&Title&papers&&for&properties&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 8.7&H&Marriage&license&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No

& &

!

!

88!

9&H&Does&the&second&person&who&brings&

money&into&the&household&have&these&

identity&documents?

9.1&H&NIF&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 9.2&H&CIN&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 9.3&H&Passport&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 9.4&H&Licence&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 9.5&H&Extract&archive&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 9.6&H&Title&papers&&for&properties&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 9.7&H&Marriage&license&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No

& & 10&H&what&is&the&third&person&who&

brings&money&in&the&household&has&

these&identity&documents?

10.1&H&NIF&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 10.2&H&CIN&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 10.3&H&Passport&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 10.4&H&Licence&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 10.5&H&Extract&archive&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 10.6&H&Title&papers&&for&properties&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 10.7&H&Marriage&license&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No

& & 11&–&Are&there&members&of&the&household&that&bring&in&money&who&have&none&of&these&items&

listed&in&question&8?&&&&&&&&&&&&&a) Yes b) No 12&H&if&11&=&Yes,&How&many&are&there?&&......

!

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89!

TERMES&de&REFERENCE&

Enquête&ménage&dans&la&zone&de&Carradeux&

!

Objectifs&de&l’enquête&ménage&

Les!principaux!objectifs!de!cette!enquête!sont!les!suivants!:!

! Déterminer! le! niveau! de! dépense! pour! les! frais! de! logement! des! déplacés! avant! le!séisme.!

! Déterminer!si!les!déplacés!avaient!la!capacité!de!couvrir!leurs!frais!de!logement!avant!le!séisme.!

! Déterminer!le!niveau!de!revenu!ainsi!que!le!niveau!de!dépenses!des!déplacés.!

! Déterminer!si!les!déplacés!ont!la!capacité!de!couvrir!leurs!frais!de!logement!aujourd’hui.!

Méthodologie&de&l’enquête&

Pour!atteindre!les!objectifs,!nous!allons!conduire!une!enquête!par!échantillonnage!auprès!des!ménages!vivant!dans!le!camp!«!Carradeux!».!En!fait,!des!questions!seront!adressées!aux!chefs!de!ménages!ou!leur!conjoint.!En!fait!l’enquête!sera!réalisée!en!utilisant!des!iPods!touches.!

1) Réunion!avec!comite!central,!avec!David!

2) Charge!des!plateaux!communique!avec!les!communautés!

Echantillonnage/

Le!camp!Carradeux!compte!un!effectif!de!1572!ménages!répartis!en!10!plateaux.!En!utilisant!la!formule! de! la! taille! minimum! basée! sur! une! approximation! normale! de! la! loi!hypergéométrique1,!nous!avons!obtenu!une!taille!d’échantillon!équivaut!à!314.!!

En!faisant!l’hypothèse!que!les!plateaux!ont!le!même!nombre!de!ménages,!soit!170,!cela!nous!conduit!à!faire!un!tirage!d’échantillon!proportionnel!à!la!taille.!Donc!dans!chaque!plateau,!nous!aurons!à!interviewer!32!ménages.!C’estUàUdire!32!ménages!x!10!plateaux!égalent!320!ménages!enquêtées.!ECHANTILLION!ALEATOIRE!DISAGGREGE!PAR!TUSHELTERS!(802)!AND!TENTS!(770).!

Le! choix! de! chaque! ménage! sera! fait! après! avoir! compté! cinq! tentes! ou! TUShelters,! ce! qui!assurera!l’aléa!dans!le!cadre!de!cette!enquête.!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!n!=!Nz^2pq/(!E^2(NU1)+!z^2pq)!;!n=taille!de!l’échantillon!;!N=taille!de!la!population!;!p=probabilité!que!le!ménage!ait!la!capacité!de!payer!x%!des!frais!de!logement!(0.5)!;!q=probabilité!contraire!;!E!(+/U)=erreur!(0.05)!;!z=niveau!de!confiance!(1.96)!

!

!

90!

Collecte,/traitement/et/analyse/de/données/

La!collecte!de!données!sera!assurée!par!un!effectif!de!10!enquêteurs2!sur!une!période!de!trois!jours.!Les!enquêteurs!seront!recrutés!sur!compétences!et!expériences!dans!les!enquêtes!

La!collecte!de!données!sera!assurée!par!un!effectif!de!10!enquêteurs3!sur!une!période!de!trois!jours.! Les! enquêteurs! seront! recrutés! sur! compétences! et! expériences! dans! les! enquêtes!quantitatives.! Une! séance! de! formation! sera! organisée! à! l’intention! des! enquêteurs! sur! les!techniques!de!collecte!de!données,!le!questionnaire!et!l’utilisation!des!iPods.!

Un! superviseur! sera! responsable! de! la! vérification! des! iPods! et! de! la! synchronisation.! Les!traitements! et! analyses! seront! assurés! par! représentant! de! DMER! en! utilisant! Excel! et! SPSS!comme!logiciels!statistiques.!

Chronogramme/d’activités/

Activités& Semaine&1& Semaine&2& Semaine&3&

D1! D2! D3! D4! D5! D1! D2! D3! D4! D5! D1! D2! D3! D4! D5!Préparation!des!TDRs!et!questionnaire!

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Finalisation!des!TDRs!et!questionnaire!

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Programmation!des!iPods!

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Recrutement!des!enquêteurs!!

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Formation!des!enquêteurs!!

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Test!du!questionnaire! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Collecte!des!données!(8U10!juillet)!

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Traitement!des!données!!

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Analyse!des!données!! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

1e!draft!du!rapport! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Commentaires!sur!le!rapport!

! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

Rapport!final! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!2!!Note:!1!ou!2!enqueteurs!d’ACAT.!

!

!

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91!

!

!

!

!

Questionnaire&de&l’Enquête&Ménage&dans&la&zone&de&Carradeux&

A.H&Informations&préliminaires& &

1.H&Nom&de&l’enquêteur&:& &

& 2.H&Date&de&l’enquête&:&_____&/&_____&/&_____&

& 3.H&#&du&plateau&:&

& 4.H&#&de&la&maison&:&&

B.H&Informations&démographiques& !1.H&Sexe&du&répondant&:&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!!Masculin&&&&

!!!!!!!!b)!Féminin!

2.H&Age&du&répondant&:&……………& !3.H&EtesHvous&enregistré&dans&le&camp&par&(OIM/IFRC)&?&&&&a)!Oui!!!!!!!!b)!Non!4.H&EtesHvous&le&chef&du&ménage&?&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui& !!!!!!!!b)!Non!5.H&Si&3&=Non,&quel&est&le&sexe&du&chef&de&

ménage&?&

!!!!!!!!a)!Masculin!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!b)!Féminin!

6.H&Statut&matrimonial&du&chef&de&ménage&?&&a)!Marié&&&&&&

!!!b)!Placé!!!!c)!Divorcé!!!!!d)!Célibataire!!!!e)!Veuf!

7.H&Niveau&d’éducation&du&chef&de&ménage&?&&&a)!Primaire!!!!!b)!Secondaire!!!!!c)!Universitaire/Professionnel!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!d)!Alphabétisation!!!!!e)!Aucun!8.H&Nombre&d’enfants&dans&le&ménage&(H&18&ans)&?&…………………………………&

9.H&#&total&de&personnes&dans&le&ménages&:&……& 7.1.!#!d’hommes!:!….!!!!7.2.!#!de!femmes!:!…..!&

&

C.H&Emplois&et&Revenus&

1.H& Combien& de& personnes& du& ménage& qui& travaillent& régulièrement& pour& gagner& de&

l’argent&?&….&

1.2.H&Nombre&d’hommes&?&……………..&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&1.3.H&Nombre&de&femmes&?&……………………..&

2.H& Nombre& de& personnes&

qui&font&ces&activités&(H/F)?&&

Activités& Hommes& Femmes&

2.1.&Petit&commerce&& ………& …….!2.2.&Travailleur&(const&/&agriculture)& ………& …….&

2.3.&Chauffeur&tapHtap& ………& …….&

2.4.&Chauffeur&taxi&moto& ………& …….&

2.5.&Employé&secteur&public& ………& ……..!2.6.&Employé&secteur&privé& ………& ……..!2.7.&Employé&ONG& ………& ………!2.8.&Professeur& ……...& ………!

!

!

92!

3.H&Nombre&de&personnes&

dans&le&ménage&ayant&ces&

niveaux&d’éducation&(H/F)&

Niveau&d’éducation& Hommes& Femmes&

a) Primaire& ………& ………!b) Secondaire& ………! ………!c) Universitaire/Professionnel& ………! ………!d) Alphabétisation& ………! ………!e) Aucun& ………! ………!

4.H&Combien&d’argents& ces&personnes&apportentHelles&dans& le&ménage&au& total&par&mois&?&

………….&

4.1.& Si& le& chef&de&ménage& travaille,& combien&d’années&d’expérience&aHtHil&dans& son&actuel&

emploi&?&…………&

5.H&Le&ménage&aHtHil&des&personnes&qui&vivent&à&l’étranger&qui&envoient&de&l’argent&?&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&6.H&Si&5=Oui,&combien&d’argent&ontHils&l’habitude&de&vous&envoyer&?&…..&

7.H&A&quelle&fréquence&recevezHvous&ces&transferts&?&&!!a)!Hebdomadaire!!!b)!Mensuelle!!!!c)!Annuelle&8.H&A&quand&remonte&la&dernière&fois&que&vous&avez&reçu&un&transfert&?&………….&Mois&9.H&PossédezHvous&des&biens&immobiliers&(terrain,&maison)?&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&9.1.H&Si&9=Oui,&a&combien&estimezHvous&la&valeur&monétaire&de&ces&biens&?&………………………&

9.2.H&Si&9=Oui,&ces&biens&sontHils&en&location&?&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&9.2.1.H&Si&9.2=Oui,&combien&recevezHvous&par&mois&pour&ces&biens&?&………………………….&

10.H&RecevezHvous&de&l’aide&des&ONGs&ou&autres&institutions&?&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&11.H&Si&10=Oui,&quels&types&d’aide&?&………………………………&

12.H&Si&10=Oui,&de&quelle&ONGs&ou&institutions&recevezHvous&cette&aide&?&&…………………….. &&

D.H&Epargne&&et&Crédit&

1.H&AvezHvous&l’habitude&d’épargner&de&l’argent&?&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&2.H&Si&1=Oui,&où&épargnezHvous?&

&

a)&Banque& a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&

b)&Institution&Micro&finance& a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&

c)&Sòl&ou&Sabotay& a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&

d)&MUSO& a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&

e)&Autres,&précisez& ……………………..!3.H&A&quelle&fréquence&épargnezHvous&de&l’argent&?&&a)!journalière!!!!!!b)!Hebdomadaire!!!c)!Mensuelle!!!!&4.H&Combien&épargnezHvous&à&chaque&fois&?&…………………………….gourdes&5.H&Quel&est&le&montant&total&de&votre&épargne&à&date&?&…………………………….gourdes&6.H&AvezHvous&l’habitude&d’obtenir&des&crédits&?&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&6.1.&Si&6=Oui,&quelle&est&la&source&?&&a)!Banque!b)!Coopérative!c)!Institutions!de!Microfinance&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&d)!Usuriers!!!!!!e)!Famille!!!!f)!Voisins!!!!!g)!Amis!!h)!Autres!

!

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93!

6.2.H&Si&6=Oui,&quel&a&été&le&montant&du&plus&récent&crédit&?&………………………. 6.3.H&Si&6=Oui,&avezHvous&remboursé&la&totalité&du&crédit&?&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&7.H&Si&6.3=Oui,&avezHvous&respecté&la&période&de&remboursement&?&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&8.H&Si&6.3=Non,&pourquoi&?&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Période!de!remboursement!non!encore!terminée&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&b)!Manque!d’argents!&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&c)!Autres!(préciser)!………………!

&

E.H&Dépenses&

1.H&Combien&avezHvous&dépensé&ces&30&

derniers&jours&pour&(en&gourdes)&?&

1.1.&Nourriture,&boissons&et&tabac& ……………..!1.2.&Transport&public&(Ménage)& ……………..!1.3.&Essence&véhicule& ……………..!1.4.&Loterie& ……………..!1.5.&Eau&potable& ……………..!1.6.&Electricité& ……………..!1.7.&Energie&pour&la&cuisson/&

générateur&

……………..!

2.H&Combien&avezHvous&dépensé&ces&12&

derniers&mois&pour&(en&gourdes)&?&&

2.1.&Logement& ……………..!2.2.&Réparation&maison& ……………..!2.3.&Meubles&& ……………..!2.4.&Vêtements&(Membres&du&

ménage)&

……………..!

2.5.&Achat&de&véhicule&(Voiture&ou&

moto)&

……………..!

2.6.&Réparation&de&véhicule& ……………..!2.7.&Assurance&pour&véhicule& ……………..!2.8.&Education&& ……………..!2.9.&Santé& ……………..!2.10.&Loisirs&(sports,&jeux,&voyages)& ……………..!2.11.&Funérailles&d’un&proche& ……………..!

&

F.H&Logement&avant&le&séisme&du&12&janvier&2010&

1.H&Dans&quel&type&de&maison&viviezHvous&

avant&le&séisme&?&

a)!Maison!basse!en!tôle!!!!!!!!!!!b)!Maison!à!étage!!!c)!Maison!basse!en!béton!!!!!!!d)!Taudis!e)!Grand!appartement!!!!!!!!!!!!!f)!Villa!

g) TUShelter!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!h)!Tente&2.H&DonnezHnous&l’adresse&de&cette&maison&?&…………………………………..!2.1.H&Pendant&combien&d’années&viviezHvous&dans&cette&zone&?&……………..&

3.H&EtiezHvous&propriétaire&de&cette&maison&?&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&4.H&Cette&maison&avaitHelle&ces&services&?& 4.1.&EDH& a)!Oui!!b)!Non!

4.2.&DINEPA& a)!Oui!!b)!Non!4.3.&Lieux&d’aisance&(WC)& a)!Oui!!b)!Non!

5.H&Si&vous&étiez&locataire,&combien&était&les&frais&de&logement&?&&…………………….&

!

!

94!

6.H&A&quelle&fréquence&acquittiezHvous&les&

frais&de&logement&?&

a)!Mensuelle!!!!!!!!!!!b)!Trimestrielle!!!!!!!c)!Semestrielle!!!!!!!!d)!Annuelle!

7.H&EtiezHvous&capable&de&payer&ce&montant&pour&le&logement?&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non!&

G.H&Logement&Maintenant&

1.H&Dans&quel&type&de&maison&vivezHvous&

maintenant?&

a)!Maison!basse!en!tôle!!!!!!!!!!!b)!Maison!à!étage!!!c)!Maison!basse!en!béton!!!!!!!d)!Taudis!e)!Grand!appartement!!!!!!!!!!!!!f)!Villa!g) TUShelter!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!h)!Tente!

2.H&DonnezHnous&l’adresse&de&cette&maison&?&…………………………………..!2.1.H&Pendant&combien&d’années&vivezHvous&dans&cette&zone&?&……………..&

3.H&EtesHvous&propriétaire&de&cette&maison&?&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&4.H&Cette&maison&aHtHelle&ces&services&?& 4.1.&EDH& a)!Oui!!b)!Non!

4.2.&DINEPA& a)!Oui!!b)!Non!4.3.&Lieux&d’aisance&(WC)& a)!Oui!!b)!Non!

5.H&Si&vous&êtes&locataire,&combien&payezHvous&les&frais&de&logement&?&&…………………….&

6.H&A&quelle&fréquence&acquittezHvous&les&

frais&de&logement&?&

a)!Mensuelle!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!b)!Trimestrielle!c)!Semestrielle!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!d)!Annuelle!

7.H&EtesHvous&capable&de&payer&ce&montant&pour&le&logement&aujourd’hui&?&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non!&

H.H&Documentation&

1.H&EstHce&que&tous&les&membres&du&ménage&possèdent&un&acte&de&naissance&?&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&2.H&Si&1=Non,&combien&qui&n’en&ont&pas&?.......&

3.H&Si&1=Non,&y’aHtHil&d’entre&eux&qui&en&avaient&et&qui&l’ont&perdus&?&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&4.H&Si&4=Oui,&ils&sont&au&nombre&de&combien&?&………………….&

5.H&Combien&d’enfants&âgés&de&0&à&24&mois&dans&le&ménage&?&………………….&

6.H&EstHce&que&tous&ces&enfants&ont&déjà&eu&leur&acte&de&naissance&?&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&7.H&Si&6=Non,&combien&qui&n’en&ont&pas&?&……………………&

8.H&EstHce&que&la&première&personne&

qui&apporte&de&l’argent&dans&le&

ménage&a&ces&documents&

d’identité&?&

8.1.H&NIF&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&8.2.H&CIN&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&!a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&8.3.H&Passeport&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&8.4.H&Permis&de&conduire&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&8.5.H&Extrait&des&archives&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&8.6.H&Papiers&de&titres&de&propriétés&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&8.7.H&Acte&de&mariage&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!b)!Non&

9.H&EstHce&que&la&première&personne&

qui&apporte&de&l’argent&dans&le&

ménage&a&ces&documents&

d’identité&?&

9.1.H&NIF&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&9.2.H&CIN&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&!a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&9.3.H&Passeport&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&9.4.H&Permis&de&conduire&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&9.5.H&Extrait&des&archives&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&

!

!

95!

9.6.H&Papiers&de&titres&de&propriétés&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&9.7.H&Acte&de&mariage&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!b)!Non&

& &

10.H&EstHce&que&la&première&

personne&qui&apporte&de&l’argent&

dans&le&ménage&a&ces&documents&

d’identité&?&

10.1.H&NIF&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&10.2.H&CIN&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&10.3.H&Passeport&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&10.4.H&Permis&de&conduire&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&10.5.H&Extrait&des&archives&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&10.6.H&Papiers&de&titres&de&propriétés&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&10.7.H&Acte&de&mariage&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&

& &

11.H&Y’aHtHil&des&membres&du&ménages&qui&ont&l’habitude&d’apporter&de&l’argent&qui&n’ont&

aucune&de&ces&pièces&citées&à&la&question&8&?&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&a)!Oui!!!!b)!Non&12.H&Si&11=Oui,&combien&sontHils&?&&......&

&

!

! !

!

!

96!

CARRADEUX&DEMOGRAPHIC&AND&SOCIOECONOMIC&SURVEY&RESULTS&

!*Note&that&the&amounts&are&self0reported&

! & ! ! !!

TOTAL&HOUSEHOLDS&

! ! !!

ALL&HOUSEHOLDS,&n=289& AMT& Units&

!!

FINANCIAL&PROFILE&

! ! !!

Average!monthly!revenue! 15387! HTG!!

!Average!monthly!expenses! 15481! HTG!

!!

Mnthly!food/beverages/tobacco!exp! 6858! HTG!!

!Mnthly!rent!exp! 920.58! HTG!

!!

Average!amount!saved! 4100! HTG!!

!%!HHs!saving!money! 92.73%!

! !!

Save!in!banks! 53.36%!! !

!Save!in!informal!groups! 70.15%!

! !!

Save!in!MF!institution! 1.12%!! !

!%!HHs!obtaining!credit! 20.42%!

! !!

Avg!most!recent!credit!amt!! 12638! HTG!!

!Paid!back!entire!loan! 79.66%!

! !!

Paid!back!loan!on!time! 77.97%!! !

!HOUSING&

! ! !!

Have!means!to!pay!rent!U!before!earthquake! 99.28%!! !

!Have!means!to!pay!rent!U!after!earthquake! 57.14%!

! !!

Owned!houses!before!earthquake! 4.50%!! !

!LowUlevel!concrete!houses! 46%!

! !!

2Ustory!houses! 26%!! !

!House!with!a!tin!roof! 25%!

! !!

Owned!houses!after!earthquake! 97.58%!! !

!TUShelter! 53%!

! !!

Tent! 46%!! !

!House!utilities!before!earthquake!

! ! !!

Electricity! 94.12%!! !

!Water!supply!and!sanitation! 43.94%!

! !!

Water!closet! 97.92%!! !


! ! !!

Electricity! 16.61%!! !

!Water!supply!and!sanitation! 3.46%!

! !!

Water!closet! 68.86%!! !

!DOCUMENTATION&

! ! !!

Have!proof!of!birth! 84.43%!! !

!Have!NIF! 51.56%!

! !!

Have!CIN! 79.24%!! !

!Have!passport! 17.65%!

! !!

Have!driver's!license! 12.80%!! !

!

!

97!

! ! ! ! !!

SEX&DISAGGREGATION:&Female&v.&Male&

! ! !!

FEMALE,&n=197& AMT& Units&

!!

FINANCIAL&PROFILE&

! ! !!

Average!monthly!revenue! 14716.17! HTG!!

!Average!monthly!expenses! 13994.63! HTG!

!!

Monthly!food/beverages/tobacco!exp! 6639.85! HTG!!

!Monthly!rent!exp! 726.17! HTG!

!!

Average!amount!saved! 3655.02! HTG!!

!%!HHs!saving!money! 92.39! %!

!!

Save!in!banks! 51.65! %!!

!Save!in!informal!groups! 73.77! %!

!!

Save!in!MF!institution! 1.67! %!!

!%!HHs!obtaining!credit! 21.43! %!

!!

Avg!most!recent!credit!amt!! 11758.33! HTG!!

!Paid!back!entire!loan! 76.19! %!

!!

Paid!back!loan!on!time! 100.00! %!!

!HOUSING&

! ! !!

Have!means!to!pay!rent!U!before!earthquake! 98.94! %!!

!Have!means!to!pay!rent!U!after!earthquake*! 100.00! %!

!!

Owned!houses!before!earthquake! 4.08! %!!

!Concrete house 48.22! %!

!!

2-story 25.38! %!!

!LowUlevel!house! 23.86! %!

!!

Owned!houses!after!earthquake! 98.98! %!!

!TUshelter! 55.33! %!

!!

Tent! 44.67! %!!


! ! !!

Electricity! 92.89! %!!

!Water!supply!and!sanitation! 41.33! %!

!!

Water!closet! 97.95! %!!


! ! !!



!!


!DOCUMENTATION&

! ! !!

Have!proof!of!birth! 83.76! %!!

!Have!NIF! 48.47! %!

!!

Have!CIN! 78.06! %!!

!Have!passport! 14.87! %!

!!

Have!driver's!license! 9.28! %!!

!Own!real!estate!U!land,!house!(#E9)! 13.27! %!

!!

Have!property!title! 25.64! %!!

!*N=2!answered!

! ! !

!

!

98!

!

!SEX&DISAGGREGATION:&Female&v.&Male&

! ! !!

MALE,&n=92& AMT& Units&

!!

FINANCIAL&PROFILE&

! ! !!



!!



!!



!!



!!



!!



!!


!HOUSING&

! ! !!


!Have!means!to!pay!rent!U!after!earthquake**! 50.00! %!

!!


!LowUlevel!concrete!houses! 41.30! %!

!!

2Ustory!houses! 27.17! %!!

!#REF!! 27.17! %!

!!


!0! 48.91! %!

!!

Tent! 50.00! %!!


! ! !!



!!



! ! !!



!!


!DOCUMENTATION&

! ! !!


!Have!NIF! 58.70! %!

!!

Have!CIN! 82.61! %!!


!!



!!


!**N=4!answered!

! ! !

!

!

99!

!

!MARITAL&STATUS&DISAGGREGATION:&Married&v.&nonHmarried&

! !!

MARRIED,&n=57& AMT& Units&

!!

FINANCIAL&PROFILE&

! ! !!



!!



!!



!!



!!



!!



!!


!HOUSING&

! ! !!


!Have!means!to!pay!rent!U!after!earthquake***! 0.00! %!

!!


!Concrete house 45.61! %!

!!

2-story 21.05! %!!


!!



!!

Tent! 31.58! %!!


! ! !!



!!



! ! !!



!!


!DOCUMENTATION&

! ! !!


!Have!NIF! 64.29! %!

!!

Have!CIN! 75.00! %!!


!!



!!


!***N=1!answered!

! ! !

!

!

100!

!

!MARITAL&STATUS&DISAGGREGATION:&Married&v.&nonHmarried&

! !!

NONHMARRIED,&n=232& AMT& Units&

!!

FINANCIAL&PROFILE&

! ! !!



!!



!!



!!



!!



!!



!!


!HOUSING&

! ! !!


!Have!means!to!pay!rent!U!after!earthquake****! 80.00! %!

!!


!Concrete!house! 46.12! %!

!!

2Ustory! 27.16! %!!


!!

Owned!houses!after!earthquake!!

%!!


!!

Tent! 50.00! %!!


! ! !!



!!



! ! !!



!!


!DOCUMENTATION&

! ! !!


!Have!NIF! 48.71! %!

!!

Have!CIN! 80.60! %!!


!!



!!


!****N=5!answered!

! ! !

!

!

101!

CARRADEUX&DEMOGRAPHIC&AND&SOCIOECONOMIC&RESULTS&GRAPHICS!

!

!

!

31%!

46%!

15%!

2%! 6%!

Educatonal&Level&

Elementary!

High!school!

University/Professionnal!Literacy!

20%!

56%!

0%!14%!

3%!7%!

Matrimonial&Status&

Maried!

Concubin!

Divorced!

Single!

Live!with!

Vidow!

22%!

24%!53%!

1%!

Saving&Frequency&

Daily!

Weekly!

Monthly!

Annual!

10%!5%!

12%!

2%!13%!

5%!

39%!

14%!

Source&&of&savings&

Bank!

Cooperaxve!

Microfinance!insxtuxons!

Usurers!

25%!

26%!

46%!

3%!

Type&of&House&&

(preHearthquake)&House!with!a!xn!roof!House!with!one!story!House!with!a!concrete!roof!Large!appartment!

0%!

53%!

47%!

Type&of&House&

(current)&

House!with!a!xn!roof!

TUShelter!

Tent!

!

!!

102!

!

!

!

!

!

!Annex%5:%Legal%Agreements%

!! !

!

!!

103!

HOUSING!ASSOCIATION!BY.LAWS!!

CHAPTER!ONE:!NAME,!HEADQUARTER,!JURISDICTION,!FISCAL!CALENDAR!!

1. Name.! The! name! of! this! Association! shall! be! the! ______________________________,!hereinafter!referred!to!as!the!“Association”.!!

2. Duration.!!The!duration!of!this!Association!shall!be!in!accordance!with!the!laws!of!the!Republic!of!Haiti! and! shall! be!of!unlimited!duration.! ! The!duration!may!be! changed! (A)!pursuant! to! the! voting!requirements!of!these!bylaws!by!the!Founding!Board!or,!(B)!during!the!term!of!any!subsequent!Board!of!Directors,! per! the! subsequent! Board! of!Directors’! voting! requirements! under! these! bylaws! subject! to!ratification!by!the!Assembly!General.!!

3. Headquarters! and! Additional! Offices.! ! The! headquarters! of! the! Association! are! located! at!________________,!in!_____________,!Haiti.!!The!headquarters!may!be!changed!and!additional!offices!added!pursuant! to! (A)! the!voting! requirements!of! these!bylaws!by! the!Founding!Board!or,! (B)! for!any!subsequent!Board!of!Directors,!per! the!subsequent!Board!of!Directors’!voting! requirements!per! these!bylaws!subject!to!ratification!by!the!Assembly!General.!!

4. !Fiscal!Calendar.!!The!Founding!Board!shall!set!the!fiscal!calendar!of!the!Association.!!!

!

CHAPTER!TWO:! MEMBERS,!PURPOSE,!RECORDS!

5. Members.! ! Members! shall! be! comprised! of! the! Occupying! Members,! hereby! referred! to!collectively! as! the! “Members”.! ! All! Members! may! be! present! at! meetings! of! the! General! Assembly!however!only! those!Occupying!Members! in!good!standing!may!cast!votes!at! such!meetings!or!have!a!seat!on!a!Board!of!Directors.!!

6. Purpose.! ! The! purposes! and! objectives! of! the! Housing! Association,! hereinafter! the! “Housing!Association!Objectives”!are!to:!!

a. act! as! the! organizer! of! the! common! housing! interests! and! act! as! a! forum! for! the!Members! assigned! to! each! Dwelling! Unit! located! at! ____________________,!hereinafter!referred!to!as!the!“Village”;!

b. assume! the!obligations!under! the!original! loan!granted!by!a!bank,!hereinafter! the!“Loan!Servicer”,!for!the!purpose!of!constructing!the!Dwelling!Units,!hereinafter!the!“Dwelling!Unit!Loan”;!

!

!!

104!

c. act!as!the! liaison!between!the!Loan!Servicer!and!the!Members!for! for!purposes!of!pooling! that! portion! of! the! Association! Fees! paid! by! each! Member! required! for!repaying!such!Dwelling!Unit!Loan;!

d. manage!the!common!areas!of!the!Village!and!engaging!contractors!responsible!for!servicing!these!common!areas!with!that!portion!of!the!Association!Fees!earmarked!for!such!expenditures;!

e. establish!the!yearly!budget!for!managing!the!Village’s!common!areas;!and!f. engage! in! all! lawful! activities! in! line! with! these! general! purposes,! including! to!

advance! the! common! purposes! and! protect! the! general! housing! interests! of! its!Members,!provided!that!such!purposes!of!the!Association!are!exclusively!non^profit!or! that! any! revenues! generated! by! such! activities! are! used! to! further! the!Association’s!general!purposes!and!do!not!result!in!personal!benefits!distributed!to!Members.!

!

7. Records!and!Extracts!and!Access.! !!

7.1. Records!and!Extracts!at!Headquarters.! The! records! and! registry! of! the! Association,!hereinafter!“Association!Records”!shall!be!kept!at!its!corporate!headquarters.!!The!Association!Records!shall!include:!

a. A!copy!of!these!bylaws!and!any!amendments!thereto;!b. A!copy!of!the!Certificate!of!Association!issued!by!Ministry!of!Social!Affairs;!c. A!copy!of!the!Association’s!internal!regulations!d. Minutes! of! General! Assemblies! and! of! its! Board! of! Directors! and! Surveillance!

Committee!(if!applicable);!e. A! list! of! the!names,! addresses! and!assigned!Dwelling!Units!of! each!Occupying!

Member;!f. A!list!of!the!names!and!addresses!of!all!Potential!Future!Occupying!Members;!g. A!list!of!the!fees!and!the!partition!of!these!fees;!h. A!copy!of!the!Dwelling!Unit!Loan!Agreement!and!any!amendment!thereto;!i. A!copy!of!the!legislation!governing!Associations;!j. A! history! of! the! payment! records! of! each! Member! as! well! as! a! balance!

statement!for!their!current!standing;!k. A!copy!of!updated!financial!records;!l. A!copy!of!all!statements!and!filings!made!with!the!Director!General!des!Impots!

and!any!governmental!entity!or!authority;!m. Any!other!document!that!may!otherwise!bind!the!Association!or!its!Members!or!

that!may!be!deemed!an!authorization!from!the!Association!or!any!other!important!document!relevant!to!the!Association’s!activities.!

!

7.2. Member!Access.!!All!Members!shall!be!granted!access!to!the!Association!Records!during!the!Association’s!regular!office!hours!established!by!the!Board!of!Directors.!!

8. Extracts!or!Copies.! ! The!President,!Vice^President!or!any! two!Board!Members!of! the!Board!of!Directors!may!provide!extracts!or!certified!copies!of!these!or!any!amended!Association!bylaws,!internal!regulations,! and! minutes! of! the! Board! of! Director! meetings! or! meetings! of! the! General! Assemblies,!

!

!!

105!

hereinafter!referred!to!as!the!“Extracts”.!!Any!two!Members!of!any!Committee!may!provide!extracts!or!certified!copies!of!the!minutes!of!such!committee’s!meetings.!!!!

!

CHAPTER!THREE!:!!SEQUENCE!OF!BOARD!OF!DIRECTORS;!FOUNDING!BOARD;!!SUBSEQUENT!BOARD!OF!DIRECORS!

!9. Sequence!of!Board!of!Directors.!There! shall! be! a! first! Board! of! Directors,! hereinafter! the!“Founding!Board”!with!specific!obligations.! !Any!subsequent!Board!of!Directors!shall!come!into!power!following! the! end! of! the! Founding! Board’! term! and! shall! be! referred! to! hereinafter! as! the! “Board! of!Directors”.!!The!Founding!Board!and!any!subsequent!Board!of!Directors!may!collectively!be!referred!to!as!the!“Boards”!!

10. Founding!Board.!!

10.1. Composition!of!Founding!Board.! The! Founding! Board,! shall! be! comprised! of! the!Association’s!11!founders,!the!“Founding!Members”.!!!

!

10.2. Objectives!for!Founding!Board.! The!Founding!Board!shall!be!responsible!for:!a. Beginning!the!process!of!establishing!the!Association’s!status!as!a!Public!Utility!

after!the!Association’s!first!year!anniversary;!b. Executing!all!of!the!contractual!agreements!necessary!to!achieve!the!following!

(hereinafter!referred!to!collectively!as!the!“Project!Documents”)!objectives:!(i) Assuming!the!Dwelling!Unit!Loan!such!that!the!Association!assumes!the!

obligations!under!the!Dwelling!Unit!Loan,!offset!by!the!Guarantee!Amounts!dedicated!by!the!Sponsor(s);!(ii) Assuring! the! eventual! assignment! of! a! Dwelling! Unit! to! the! Member!

assigned! to! such! Dwelling! Unit,! and! the! eventual! assignment! of! the! Foundation’s! lease! with! the!government! over! the! underlying! real! property! on! which! such! Dwelling! Unit! is! constructed,! including!execution!of!the!Accord&de&garantie&et&de&gestion&d’unites&de&logement&du&village;!

(iii) Assuring!the!proper!accountability!of!the!Reserve!Account!and!the!Loan!Servicing!Account;!

c. establishing!the!Loan!Servicing!Account!that!shall!be!treated!per!the!provisions!under!Section!24.3;!

d. establishing!the!Reserve!Account!that!shall!be!treated!per!the!provisions!under!Section!XX;!

e. selecting!the!Potential!Occupying!Members!pursuant!to!Section!XX;!f. organizing! and! overseeing! the! lottery! for! final! selection! of! the! Occupying!

Members!and!corresponding!Future!Potential!Occupying!Members;!g. for!accomplishing!any!other!task! it!deems!reasonably!necessary!for!the!proper!

functioning!of!the!Association!that!is!related!to!the!Association’s!Purposes!h. pursuing!all!objectives!of!the!Board!of!Directors!provided!under!Section!11.2.!

!

!

!!

106!

10.3. Founding!Board!Term.! The!term!for!the!Founding!Board!shall!commence!as!of!the!date!of!filing!of!these!bylaws!with!the!Ministry!of!Social!Affairs!and!continue!until!such!date!for!the!election!of!the!second!Board!of!Directors.!!!

11. Subsequent!Board!of!Directors.! !!

11.1. Board!of!Directors.! The!Term!for!any!Board!of!Directors!established!after!the!term!of!the!Founding!Board!shall!be!three!(3)!years.!

!

11.2. Purpose!of!the!Board!of!Directors.! The!Board!of!Directors!shall!be!responsible!for:!!

a. Ensuring! the! Association’s! obligations! under! the! Project! Documents! entered!into!by!it!pursuant!to!Section!10.2(b);!

b. the!daily!management!of!the!Housing!Association;!c. creating! any! committees! with! special! purposes,! hereinafter! referred! to! as!

“Committees”;!d. meeting!all!payment!obligations!of!the!Dwelling!Unit!Loan;!e. making!all!payments!to!____________________!per!the!Loan!Agreement!terms!

and!per!the!requirements!of!Section!______;!f. issuing!Member!Status!Reports!showing!current!account!status!of!each!Member!

and!keeping!records!of!such!reports!on!former!members;!g. imposing!payment!penalties!on!Members;!h. keeping!the!Association!records;!i. select!Substituting!Occupying!Members;!j. publish!default!status!of!Occuying!Members;!k. communicating!membership!account!status!to!the!Foundation;!l. __________.!

!

!

CHAPTER!FOUR:!!DESCRIPTION!OF!THE!SEATS!ON!THE!FOUNDING!BOARD!!

12. President.!!There!shall!be!one!President!for!each!Board!as!follows:!!

12.1. President!of!Founding!Board.! !The!President!of!the!Founding!Board! is!the!President!of!the!Association!during!the!term!of!the!Founding!Board.!!He!is!given!this!authority!by!the!Founding!Board!and!acts!as!the!chairman!at!the!Founding!Board’s!meetings.!!

!

12.2. President!of!Board!of!Directors.!The!President!of!the!Board!of!Directors!is!the!President!of! the! Association! after! the! term! of! the! Founding! Board.! ! He! is! given! this! authority! by! the! Board! of!Directors!and!is!the!chairman!at!board!meetings!and!all!General!Assemblies.!!!!

!

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107!

13. Vice!President.! There!shall!be!one!Vice!President!for!each!Board!as!follows:!!

13.1. Vice!President!of!Founding!Board.!!The!Vice!President!of!the!Founding!Board!is!the!Vice!President!of!the!Association!during!the!term!of!the!Founding!Board.!!He!or!she!is!takes!the!President’s!place!as!chairman!of!any!meeting!to!which!the!President!is!unable!or!unwilling!to!be!present!or!take!on!its!chairman!duties.!!He!or!she!also!takes!the!place!of!the!President!whenever!the!President!is!unable!to!fill!his!or!her!functions.!!When!the!President’s!seat!becomes!vacant!for!any!of!the!reasons!enumerated!in! Section! XX,! the! Vice! President! assumes! the! President’s! seat! on! the! Founding! Board! and! the! Vice!President’s!seat!in!turn!becomes!vacant.!!In!such!case,!a!meeting!of!the!Founding!Board!shall!be!called!with!the!purpose!of!nominating!and!electing!another!individual!to!the!Vice!President’s!seat!pursuant!to!Section!XX.!

!

13.2. Vice!President!of!Board!of!Directors.!!The!Vice!President!of!the!Board!of!Directors!is!the!Vice!President!of!the!Association!during!the!term.!!He!or!she!takes!the!President’s!place!as!chairman!of!any!meeting!to!which!the!President!is!unable!or!unwilling!to!be!present!or!take!on!its!chairman!duties.!!He! or! she! also! takes! the! place! of! the! President! whenever! the! President! is! unable! to! fill! his! or! her!functions.!!When!the!President’s!seat!becomes!vacant!for!any!of!the!reasons!enumerated!in!Section!XX,!the! Vice! President! assumes! the! President’s! seat! on! the! Board! and! the! Vice! President’s! seat! in! turn!becomes!vacant.!!In!such!case,!a!General!Assembly!will!be!called!for!elections!to!fill!the!Vice^President’s!seat.!!!

14. Secretary.!!There!shall!be!one!Secretary!for!each!Board!as!follows:!!

14.1. Secretary!of!the!Founding!Board.!!The!Secretary!of!the!Founding!Board!keeps!minutes!of!all!meetings!of!the!Founding!Board!in!the!Association’s!register.!

!

14.2. Secretary!of!Board!of!Directors.!The!Secretary!of! the!Board!of!Directors! keeps!minutes!of!all!meetings!of!the!Board!of!Directors!and!of!the!Assembly!Generals!in!the!Association’s!register.!!

15. Treasurer.!!There!shall!be!one!Treasurer!for!each!Board!as!follows:!!

15.1. Treasurer!of! the!Founding!Board.! !The!Treasurer!of! the!Founding!Board! is! responsible!for!the!Association’s!Accounts!and!any!handling!of!money!and!accounts.!!

!

15.2. Treasurer!of!Board!of!Directors.!!!The!Treasurer!of! the!Board!of!Directors! is! responsible!for!the!Association’s!Accounts!and!any!handling!of!money!and!accounts.!!

16. Permanent! Counselor! Seats.! ! There! shall! be! two! Permanent! Seats! for! each! Board! unless!otherwise!provided!for!as!follows:!

!

!

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108!

16.1. Permanent!Counselor!Seats.! There! shall! be! two! permanent! seats! on! the! Founding!Board! and! any! subsequent!Board!of!Directors,! hereinafter! referred! to! individually! as! the! “Permanent!Counselor! One”! and! “Permanent! Counselor! Two”! or! collectively! as! the! “Permanent! Counselors”.! ! All!Founding!Members!and!Occupying!Members!shall!cast!votes!in!such!manner!so!as!to!ensure!that!each!one!of!the!two!Foundations!amongst!the!Founding!Members!shall!be!nominated!and!elected!to!one!of!either! such! permanent! seat! as! either! Permanent! Counselor! One! or! Permanent! Counselor! Two.! ! The!Founding!Member!so!nominated!and!elected!shall!continue!to!be!so!nominated!and!elected!until!such!time! as! such! Founding! Member! issues! a! resignation! to! the! current! Board.! ! In! the! event! of! such!resignation,!the!title!for!the!empty!permanent!seat!shall!be!deemed!a!Rotating!Counselor!seat!and!the!procedures! for!nominating!and!electing!Members!to!the!Rotating!Counselor!Seats!shall!apply! for!such!seat.!

!

16.2. Representative!to!Permanent!Counselor!Seats.! Each!Founding!Member!nominated!and!elected! to! a! Permanent! Seat! shall! assign! a! representative! to! take! its! place! on! such! seat.! ! Each! such!Founding!Member!may!change! its! representative!at!any!time!with!a! letter!addressed!to! the!Founding!Board!or!Board!of!Directors,!as!applicable.!!

17. Rotating!Counselor!Seats.! The!remaining!seats!on!the!Board!of!Directors!not!entitled!the!President,! Vice! President,! Secretary,! Treasurer! or! Permanent! Counselor! Seat(s)! shall! be! the! Rotating!Counselors!Seats!and!shall!serve!for!whatever!additional!purpose!is!deemed!required.!!

18. Vacant!Seat!on!Board!of!Directors.!!

18.1. Loss!of!Director!Status.! A!Director!shall!lose!its!place!on!the!Board!of!Directors!and!such!seat!shall!automatically!be!deemed!vacant!in!the!event!of!any!of!the!following!circumstances:!

a. In! the!event! that!such!Board!Member! issues!notice!of! its! resignation! from!the!Board!;!

b. In!the!event!of!such!Board!Member’s!death!or!loss!of!mental!capacity;!c. In! the! event! that,! during! a! Board’s! term,! a! Board!Member! is! absent! (even! if!

represented!by!proxy)!during!any!three! (3)!consecutive!meetings!of! the!Board!or!during!any!three! (3)!Board!meetings!in!any!twelve!(12)!month!period!of!such!Board’s!term;!

d. In! the! event! that! a! Board! Member! is! absent! during! any! two! (2)! consecutive!meetings!of!the!General!Assembly!during!the!current!Board’s!term;!

e. In!the!event!that!such!Director!shall!vote!in!such!manner!so!as!to!violate!Section!25!on!the!Association’s!Budgetary!Obligations;!

f. In!the!event!that!such!Director!shall!have!earned!a!Strike!and!such!Strike!has!not!been!subject!to!forgiveness!pursuant!to!Section!31.2.!

!

18.2. Effect!of!Loss!of!Director!Status!on!Founding!Board.! In! the!event! that! a! seat!on! the!Founding!Board!should!become!vacant!due!to!any!of!the!reasons!enumerated!in!Section!XX!or!any!other!reason,!then!the!remaining!Founding!Members!shall!convene!a!meeting!so!as!to!nominate!and!elect!a!replacement!director;!except!in!the!event!that!the!President’s!seat!should!become!vacant!in!which!case!Section!XX!applies.!!

!

!

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109!

18.3. Effect!of!Loss!of!Director!Status!on!Board!of!Directors.! In! the!event! that! a! seat!on! the!Board!of!Directors!should!become!vacant!due!to!any!of!the!reasons!enumerated! in!Section!19.1,!then!the!President! shall! convene!a!General!Assembly! so! as! to!hold!elections! to!nominate! and!elect! a!new!Director! to! the! empty! seat! pursuant! to! Section! 18.4(c);! except! in! the! event! that! the! President’s! seat!should!become!vacant!in!which!case!Section!XX!applies.!!

18.4. Effect!of!Loss!of!Director!Status.!!

a. Vice!President!Assumes!President’s!Seat.! During! the! term! of! the!Founding!Board!or!of!any!subsequent!Board!of!Directors,! if!the!President!shall! lose!his!or!her!Director!status,! then! the! Vice! President! of! the! governing! Board! shall! assume! such! seat! as! President! for! the!remainder!of!the!Board’s!term.!

!

b. Call!for!Election!of!New!Vice!President.! If! the! Vice! President’s! seat! during! a!Board’s!term!becomes!vacant!due!to!Section!19.4(a),!then!the!new!President!shall!call!a!meeting!of!the!Founding!Members!(in!the!event!that!such!event!should!occur!during!the!term!of!the!Founding!Board)!or!call!a!General!Assembly!(in!the!event!that!such!event!should!occur!during!the!term!of!any!subsequent!Board!of!Directors)!who!shall,!pursuant!to!the!voting!requirements!of!Section!XX,!nominate!and!elect!to!the! vacant! Vice^President! seat! a! new! Vice^President.! ! Such! Vice^President! so! nominated! and! elected!shall!serve!for!the!remaining!term!of!the!Board!of!Directors.!

!

c. Call!for!Election!of!Any!Vacancy!Not!Created!due!to!Section!19.4(a).! As! soon!as!is!practicable!after!the!vacancy!of!a!seat!on!any!Board!other!than!in!the!event!of!the!Vice!President’s!seat! vacancy! caused!under! Section!18.4(a)! and!other! than! in! the!event!of! the!President’s! vacancy! (in!which!case!Section!18.4(a)!shall!apply,!then,!the!President!shall!call!a!meeting!of!the!Founding!Board!(in!the!event!that!such!vacancy!should!occur!during!the!term!of!the!Founding!Board)!or!shall!call!a!General!Assembly! (in! the! event! that! such! event! should! occur! during! the! term! of! any! Subsequent! Board! of!Directors)! who! shall,! pursuant! to! its! voting! requirements,! nominate! and! elect! to! the! vacant! Director!seat,!a!new!Director.!!

!

d. Binding!Decisions.! Until! such! time! that! a! vacant! seat! on! a!Board! is! filled,!any!decisions!taken!by!such!Board!shall!bind!the!Association!and!its!Members.!!!

!

!

CHAPTER!FIVE:!MEETINGS!OF!THE!BOARD,!PROCEDURES,!AND!VOTING!REQUIREMENTS!

!

19. Notice!for!Board!Meetings,!Location.! !19.1. Call!to!Meetings.! The! Board! shall! meet! upon! notice! issued! by! its! President,! by!

either!of!its!Permanent!Counselor!Seats!together!with!another!seat,!or!any!four!(4)!of!its!seats,!either!at!the!Association’s!principal!office!or!at!any!other!location!indicated!in!the!notice.!

!

!

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110!

19.2. Contents!of!Board!Meeting!Notice.! The! notice! for! the! Founding! Board! meeting(s)!shall!indicate!the!place,!time,!and!date!of!the!meeting!as!well!as!the!agenda.!!The!written!notice!must!be!written!and!delivered!to!each!Director!at! least!2!days!prior!to!the!meeting!date.! ! If!delivery!cannot!be!made! to! a! Director,! then! delivery! shall! be! deemed! made! so! long! as! the! notice! was! posted! at! the!Association’s!principal!offices!no!later!than!five!(5)!days!prior!to!such!meeting.!If!all!Directors!are!present!during!a!meeting!then!the!notice!requirements!need!not!be!met.!!

20. Power!of!Attorney!for!Board!of!Directors.! Each!Director!may!give!a!power!of! attorney! to!any!other!Director!to!represent!the!absent!Director!at!a!Board!meeting.!!Each!Director!may!represent!no!more!than!one!other!Director!by!proxy.!!Each!Director!represented!by!a!power!of!attorney!by!another!Director! shall! be! deemed! present! except! for! purposes! of! meeting! the! presence! requirements! under!Section!18.1(c).!!

21. Voting!Requirements.! The!quorum!for!any!Board!is!reached!when!nine!(9)!of!the!Directors!are!present.!!Decisions!are!taken!by!the!majority!of!votes!exercised.!!In!the!event!of!a!split!vote,!the!meeting!shall!be! reconvened!on! the! tenth! (10)!business!day! following! the!date!on!which! the!quorum!was!not!met.!!

22. Compensation.! Participation! on! the! seat! of! the!Board! of!Directors! shall! not! be! compensated.!!Participation! on! a! Committee! shall! not! be! compensated.! ! A! Director! may! not! have! a! salary! nor! be!affiliated!to!any!institution!to!which!the!Association!shall!be!compensating!for!the!exchange!of!services.!!!!

23. Fees.!!The!Board!of!Directors!must!approve!any!expense(s)!incurred!by!a!Director!in!advance!in!order!to!be!reimbursed.!!!!

CHAPTER!FIVE:! BOARD!OF!DIRECTORS!BUDGETARY!OBLIGATIONS!

!

24. Budgetary!Obligations.!!

24.1. Collection!of!Member!Fees.!!The!Board!of!Directors!is!responsible!for!accounting!for!and!enforcing!all!payment!obligations!of!Members!to!the!Association.!

!

24.2. Issuing!Payment!Status!Report.! The!Board!of!Directors! shall!make!available! a!Member!Payment!Status!Report! to!each!Member!monthly.! ! The!Member!Payment!Status!Report! shall! indicate!the! amount! of! the!Member’s!Monthly! Fees! and! any! associated! fees! including! any! late! payment! fees!received! from! the! Member’s! account! that! month,! Default! Payment! Amount(s)! Due,! Total! Payments!Made!To!Date,!Balance!for!Permanent!Occupancy!Status,!Strike!Status!and!Date!of!any!Strike(s)!earned.!

!

24.3. Treatment!of!Collected!Member!Fees.! The! Board! of! Directors! shall! ensure! that! the!Monthly!Fees!and!any!additional!payments!made!by!Members!shall!be!treated!as!follows:!!

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111!

a. All!Membership!Fees!and!penalties!paid!by!the!Members!to!the!Association!as!well! as! the! collection! of! other! revenues! by! the! Board,! shall! be! deposited! into! the! Loan! Servicing!Account;!

b. Every! month,! the! total! amount! of! all! Membership! Monthly! Fee! Payments,! a!total!of!______,!hereinafter!referred!to!as!the!Debt!Service!Fee!shall!be!paid!to!_______![bank]!per!the!Loan! Agreement! terms.! ! In! the! event! that! any!Member! fails! to!make! its!Monthly! Fee! Payment,! the!Association!shall!use!funds!held!in!the!Reserve!Account!(defined!below)!in!order!to!honor!its!payment!obligations!to!the!Lender!under!the!Loan!Agreement!terms;!

c. Each!month!that!all!Members!make!their!Membership!Monthly!Fee!Payments,!a!total!of!_______!of!each!such!Member’s!Monthly!Fee,!hereinafter! referred!to!as! the!Reserve!Amount!shall!be!transferred!from!the!Loan!Service!Account!to!a!separate!Reserve!Account!which!amount!shall!be! capped! at! the! equivalent! of! four! (4)!months! worth! of! total! amount! of!Membership!Monthly! Fee!Payments.! ! The! Association! shall! transfer! any! amounts! collected! over! this! capped! amount! into! a!separate!Collateral!Account.!

d. The!Collateral!Account!shall!gradually!be! increased!pursuant!to!Section!24.3(c)!to!the!extent!that!excess!Reserves!shall!be!transferred!into!it.!!The!Collateral!Account!may!guarantee!up!to! fifty! percent! (50%)! of! the! Debt! Service! Amount.! ! The! Association!may,! pursuant! to! a! vote! by! the!General!Assembly,!prepay!the!Debt!Service!Amount!with!funds!held!in!the!Collateral!Account!only!if!the!total! amount! of! such! funds! plus! the! Reserve! Amount! is! equivalent! to! or! greater! than! the! remaining!amounts! due! under! the! Loan! Agreement.! ! In! the! event! that! the! total! amount! held! in! the! Collateral!Account!and!the!Reserve!Account!is!greater!than!or!equal!to!the!remaining!amount!due!under!the!Loan!Agreement! and! the!General! Assembly! does! not! decide! to! prepay! the!Debt! Service!Amount,! then! the!excess!funds!shall!be!held!in!the!Reserve!Account!and!treated!under!Section!24.3(e)1;!

e. The! remainder! of! any! sum! after! deduction! of! the! Debt! Service! Fee,! and! the!Reserve!Fee!from!the!total!of!all!Monthly!Fees!collected!during!any!given!month,!hereinafter!referred!to!as! the! Administrative! Fee,! shall! be! held! in! the! Association’s! Loan! Service! Account,! and! used! for! the!maintenance!of!the!common!areas!pursuant!to!Section!6.2(d).!

!

f. Treatment!of!Reserve!Account!After!Loan!Payment!Complete.! After! receiving!the!release!from!the!bank!responsible!for!administering!the!Loan!Agreement,!the!Board!Members!may!use! the! amounts! held! in! the! Reserve! Account! for! any! of! the! following! purposes! with! the! General!Assembly’s!prior!approval:!

(i) As! a! grant! to! another! government^recognized! non^profit! organization!with!purposes!similar!to!the!Association’s;!

(ii) As! a! means! of! creating! an! improvement! over! the! Property! provided!such!improvement!is!approved!by!the!General!Assembly;!

(iii) As! a! reimbursement! to! the!Members! of! the! collateral! that! they! have!built.!!!!!

!

!

!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!1!Kindly!advise!here^!shall!the!bank!be!making!use!of!the!Reserve!account!automatically?!

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CHAPTER!SIX:!!SELECTION!OF!OCCUPYING!MEMBERS!AND!DWELLING!UNIT!ASSIGNMENT!!

25. Founding!Board!Responsibilities.! The! Founding! Board! shall! be! responsible! for! the!following!activities!of!the!Association:!!

25.1. Establishing!List!of!Potential!Members.! No!later!than!10!business!days!after!submitting!its!request!for!recognition!as!a!Public!Utility,!the!Founding!Board!shall!begin!the!process!of!selecting!the!initial! one! hundred! and! twenty! five! (125)! Occupying! Members! by! first! establishing! a! pool! of! _____!Potential!Occupying!Members.!

a. Criteria!for!First!Potential!Occupying!Members.! The!persons!selected!as!the!first!Potential!Occupying!Members!shall!meeting!the!following!criteria!in!descending!order!of!importance:!

(i) None!of! the!Potential!Occupying!Members!can!be!a! former!or!current!Director!on!the!First!Board;!

(ii) Individuals! living! in! the!Carredeux!neighboorhood!who!have!expressed!an!interest!in!participating!in!the!Association;!

(iii) Individuals! who! are! able! to! prove! that! they! have! made! the! regular!monthly!payment!of!_________!to!a!designated!bank!account! in! their!name!over! the!previous!twelve!month!period;!

(iv) Those!who!also!are!responsible!for!the!care,!health!and!livelihood!of!at!least!one!minor!or!one!person!over!the!age!of!____!or!both;!!

(v) Individuals! who! are! willing! to! sign! a! Right! of! Use! Agreement! for! a!Dwelling!Unit!with!a!duration!of!at!least!fifteen!(15)!years;!

(vi) Families! composed! by! no!more! than! six! (6)! and! no! less! than! two! (2)!members;!2and!

(vii) Individuals!willing!to!become!Members!and!be!bound!by!these!bylaws;!(viii) ___________.!The! list!of! the!Potential!Occupying!Members! shall!be!completed!no! later! than!

ten!(10)!business!days!after!the!date!on!which!the!recognition!of!the!status!of!the!Association!as!a!Public!Utility!is!published!in!the!Moniteur.!!

b. Posting!of!Names!on!List.! The! list!of!names!of! the! first!______!qualifying!Potential!Occupying!Members!shall!be!posted!at!the!Association’s!principal!office!no!later!than!five!(5)!business!days!after!publication!of!the!Association’s!status!as!a!Public!Utility!is!published!in!the!Moniteur.!!

!

25.2. Lottery!Procedures!to!Select!Occupying!Members.! A! lottery! system! will! be!established!to!select!the!125!Occupying!Members!from!the!initial!pool!of!Potential!Occupying!Members.!!The! lottery! shall! be! held! within! ____! days! after! the! list! of! names! of! the! first! _______! qualifying!Occupying!Members!is!posted.!

!

a. Lottery!Date.! The! First! Board! shall! decide! on! the! official! Lottery! Date! for!selection!of! the!Occupying!Members.! ! This! Lottery!Date! shall! be!posted! at! the!Association’s! principal!office!and!a!notice!of!such!date!sent!to!each!Potential!Occupying!Member.!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!2!Note!that!this!is!difficult!to!verify.!

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113!

b. Selection!of!Occupying!Members.! On! the! Lottery! Date,! a! Juge! de! Paix3!shall! confirm! that! the! names! of! all! ______! Potential! Occupying! Members! have! been! typed! on!independent!slips!of!paper!into!a!common!container.!!The!Juge!de!Paix!shall!then!proceed!to!select!125!slips!of!paper!from!such!container.!!The!name!of!the!person!on!each!such!slip!shall!be!read!aloud!by!the!Association’s! Secretary! or! if! he! or! she! is! unable,! by! the! Vice! President.! ! The! first! 125! individuals! so^selected!shall!become!part!of!the!pool!of!Selected!Occupying!Members.!!!

c. Selection!of!Potential!Future!Occupying!Member.! The! individuals! who!were!not!selected!as!a!Potential!Occupying!Member!shall!remain!on!a!list!as!Potential!Future!Occupying!Members.!!!

d. Posting!of!Names.! The!names!of!the!Selected!Occupying!Members!and!the!Potential! Future!Occupying!Members! shall! be! inscribed! on! a! list! in! descending! alphabetical! order! for!each!category,!and!posted!at!the!Association’s!principal!offices.!!!

26. Assignment!of!Dwelling!Units.! The! Founding! Board! shall! assign! a! Dwelling! Unit! to! each!Selected! Occupying! Member.! ! The! Dwelling! Units! so! assigned! shall! be! posted! at! the! Association’s!principal! offices! no! later! than! five! (5)! business! days! after! the! Lottery!Date.! ! Each! Selected!Occupying!Member! shall! have! ten! (10)! business! days! to! comply! with! Section! 28! and! may! begin! occupying! the!assigned! Dwelling! Unit! one! (1)! business! day! after! qualifying! as! an! Occupying! Member! pursuant! to!Section!28.!!!

!

CHAPTER!SEVEN:!!QUALIFYING!AS!AN!OCCUPYING!MEMBER,!GENERAL!ASSEMBLY!FOR!BOARD!OF!DIRECTORS,!MEMBER!PAYMENT!OBLIGATIONS!

! !

27. Obtaining!Membership!Status.! Each! Selected! Occupying! Member! assigned! to! a! Single^Room!Dwelling!Unit!must!make!a!Subscription!Payment!of!_________________!to!the!Association,!sign!these!Association! Bylaws! and! sign! a! Right! of! Use! Agreement! for! its! assigned! Dwelling! Unit.! ! Each! Selected!Occupying!Member! ! assigned! to! a!Double^Room!Dwelling!Unit!must!make!a! Subscription!Payment!of!___________________! to! the! Association,! sign! these! Association! Bylaws! and! sign! a! Right! of! Use!Agreement!for!its!assigned!Dwelling!Unit.4!!Each!Replacement!Occupying!Member!assigned!must!make!its!Subscription!Payment!pursuant!to!Section!____,!sign!these!Association!Bylaws!and!sign!a!Right!of!Use!Agreement! for! its! assigned!Dwelling!Unit.! ! A! Selected!Occupying!Member! or! Replacement!Occupying!Member,!as!applicable,!shall!become!an!Occupying!Member!once!the!requirements!of! this!Section!28!are!met!and!must!continue!abiding!by!the!terms!of!these!Bylaws!in!order!to!maintain!such!status.!!!!

27.1. Failure! to!Make!Subscription!Fee!Payment!or!Execute!Right!of!Use!Agreement!or!Sign!Association!Bylaws.! The! failure! of! a! Selected! Occupying! Member! or! Replacement! Occupying!Member!to!meet!its!Subscription!Payment!Requirement,!sign!these!Association!Bylaws!or!sign!the!Right!of!Use!Agreement!shall!cause!such!Selected!Occupying!Member!or!Replacement!Occupying!Member,!as!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!3!To!be!confirmed!if!such!service!can!be!done.!

!4!Are!the!savings!requirements!different!for!each!such!Dwelling!Unit!type?!

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applicable,!to!loose!his!or!her!status!as!a!Selected!Occupying!Member.!!A!Selected!Occupying!Member!who! has! lost! status! under! this! Article! cannot! subsequently! become! an! Occupying! Member! and! all!payment!advances!shall!be!promptly!returned!to!such!person.!!!

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27.2. Replacement!of!a!Selected!Occupying!Member.! A!Selected!Occupying!Member!who!has!failed!to!obtain!Membership!Status!under!Section!28!shall!be!replaced!by!a!Potential!Future!Occupying!Member! selected! in! descending! alphabetical! order! from! the! list! of! Potential! Future! Occupying!Members.! Each! Potential! Future!Occupying!Members! so! selected! shall! become! a! Selected!Occupying!Member!and!in!turn!comply!with!the!requirements!of!Section!28!no!later!than!_______!days!after!being!notified!that!he!or!she!has!now!become!a!Selected!Occupying!Member.! ! In! this!manner!the!Founding!Board!is!responsible!for!ensuring!that!there!is!a!total!of!125!Selected!Occupying!Members.!!!

28. Second!Board!of!Directors.! A! General! Assembly! of! all! Occupying! Members! shall! be!convened!by!the!Founding!Board!no!later!than!ten!(10)!business!days!after!the!last!date!on!which!the!last!Occupying!Member!shall!have!complied!with!Section!28.1.! !On!the!meeting!date,!the!Members!of!the! Founding! Board! shall! resign! except! for! the! Permanent! Counselors.! ! The! 125!Occupying!Members!shall! nominate! persons! amongst! themselves! to! each! vacant! seat! of! the! Board! of! Directors.! ! Once!nominations! are! completed,! the! Occupying! Members! shall! vote! for! the! President,! Vice! President,!Secretary,!Treasurer!and!Rotating!Counselor! seats!among! the!Members!nominated! to!each!such!seat.!!The! individual!with! a!majority! vote! for! each! seat! shall! assume! such! seat.! ! If! there! is! only!one!person!nominated!to!any!seat,!such!person!shall!assume!the!seat!to!which!he!or!she!is!nominated!unless!there!is!a!majority!vote!against!such!person!occupying!such!seat.!!

29. Payment!Obligations!for!Occupying!Members.!!

29.1. Total!Association!Fee.! !a. Association!Fee!for!Single^Room!Dwelling!Unit.! As! consideration! for! being! a!

member! to! the!Association,! each!Occupying!Member! assigned! to! a! Single^Room!Dwelling!Unit! (other!than!Members!who!become!an!Occupying!Member!by!virtue!of!Section!35.1,!in!which!case!Section!30.3!shall!apply)!shall!pay!to!the!Association!a!total!of!____________,!hereinafter!the!“Single^Room!Dwelling!Unit! Total! Association! Fee”! over! a! 15^year! period,! in! addition! to! any! penalties! imposed! for! late!payment(s),!hereinafter!the!“Late!Payment!Fee”.!

b. !!Association!Fee!for!Double^Room!Dwelling!Unit.! As! consideration! for!being!a!member!to!the!Association,!each!Occupying!Member!assigned!to!a!Double^Room!Dwelling!Unit!(other! than! Members! who! become! an! Occupying! Member! by! virtue! of! Section! 35.1,! in! which! case!Section!30.3!shall!apply)!shall!pay!to!the!Association!a!total!of!____________,!hereinafter!the!“Double^Room!Dwelling!Unit!Total!Association!Fee”!over!a!15^year!period,!in!addition!to!any!penalties!imposed!for!late!payment(s),!hereinafter!the!“Late!Payment!Fee”.!

!

29.2. Monthly!Installments.! !a. Starting!on!the!calendar!month!after!the!month!during!which!the!first!General!

Assembly!of!all!Occupying!Members!was!held,! the!Total!Association!Fees!shall!be!paid! in! installments!payments!of!_________!per!month!(for!Single^Room!Dwelling!Units)!and!______!per!month!(for!Double^

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Room! Dwelling! Units),! hereinafter! the!Monthly! Fee,! due! on! the! last! business! day! of! every! calendar!month!for!a!duration!of!one!hundred!and!eighty!(180)!months.!!

29.3. Total!Association!Fee!for!Replacement!Occupying!Members.! The! Total! Association!Fee! shall! not! be! applicable! to! an! Occupying! Member! who! became! such! by! virtue! of! Section! 35.1.!!Instead!the!payment!obligations!of!such!Replacement!Occupying!Members!shall!be!as!follows:!

a. If! such! Replacement! Occupying! Member! is! selected! during! years! one! (1)!through!the!last!day!of!year!(5)!of!the!Loan!Agreement,!then!such!Replacement!Occupying!Member!shall!be!required!to!pay!a!Subscription!Payment!equivalent!of!the!Total!Monthly! Installment!Payments!that!would!have!been!made!by!a!Member!assigned!to!the!same!category!of!Dwelling!Unit! if!such!Member!had!met!all! its!payment! requirements! to! the!Association!up!until! the!date!on!which! the!Replacement!Occupying!Member!accepts!its!invitation!as!a!Member!of!the!Association.!!If!the!Replacement!Occupying!Member’s!acceptance!of!such!invitation!on!a!date!that!does!not!fall!exactly!on!a!Monthly!PaymentDate,!the! the! Monthly! Payment! Amount! shall! be! prorated! for! that! month.! ! The! Replacement! Occupying!Member! shall! have! ten! (10)! days! from! the! date! of! accepting! its! invitation! as! a! member! to! the!Association!in!order!to!make!such!Subscription!Payment!and!comply!with!Section!27;!

b. If! such! Replacement!Occupying!Member! is! selected! during! any! year! after! the!last! day! of! year! five! (5)! of! the! Loan! Agreement,! then! such! Replacement!Occupying!Member! shall! be!required! to! pay! a! Subscription! Amount! equivalent! of! the! Total! Monthly! Installment! Payments! that!would!have!been!due!during!the!term!of!the!first!five!(5)!years!of!the!Loan!Agreement!no!later!than!ten!(10)! days! from! the! date! of! accepting! its! invitation! as! a! member! to! the! Association.! ! The! difference!between!such!amount!and!the!Total!Monthly!Installment!Payment!that!would!have!been!due!from!the!date! of! the! Loan! Agreement! until! such! date! that! the! Replacement! Occupying! Member! accepts! its!invitation! as! a!Member!of! the!Association! shall! be!prorated!over! the! remaining! years! of! the! loan.! ! A!Replacement!Occupying!Member!may! choose! to!pay! such!difference! in! advance.! !Member’s!Monthly!Installments! and! shall! pay! any! unpaid!Monthly! Installments,! Strike! Two! Late! Payment! Fees! and! any!accrued!Monthly!Installments!for!the!associated!Dwelling!Unit.5!!

30. Late!Payments.!!

30.1. Strike!System!for!Late!Payments.!!

a. Every!Payment!not!made!on! the!due!date,!hereinafter! a! “Late!Payment”! shall!count!as!one!strike!earned!by!the!Occupying!Member,!hereinafter!referred!to!as!a!“Strike”,!for!purposes!of! determining! that! Occupying! Member’s! late! payment! status.! ! Each! Strike! shall! be! noted! on! the!Member’s!payment!records.!

b. The! amount! of! the! Late! Payment! must! be! made! to! the! Association! on! the!regular!installment!payment!date!no!later!than!three!months!after!the!date!on!which!such!payment!was!originally!due!“Late!Payment!Due!Date”.!!!

c. Any! Late! Payment! not!made! on! the! Late! Payment! Due! Date! shall! count! as! a!second! Strike,! hereinafter! “Strike! Two”! against! the!Occupying!Member! and! such!Occupying!Member!

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!5!To!be!discussed^!should!this!be!pro^rated?!!One!lump^sum?!!To!be!discussed!if!the!late!payments,!etc,!will!also!be!due.!

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shall!also! incur!a!penalty!of!_______,!hereinafter!a!“Strike!Two!Penalty”! for!missing!the!Late!Payment!Due!Date.!!!

d. The!entire!amount!of! the!Strike!Two!Penalty!and!the!associated!Late!Payment!amount!shall!be!due!no!later!than!the!Installment!Payment!date!for!the!month!following!the!month!of!the!Late!Payment!Due!Date,!hereinafter! the!“Late!Payment!and!Strike!Two!Penalty!Due!Date”.! ! If! the!entire!amount!of!the!Strike!Two!Penalty!and!the!associated!Late!Payment!amount! is!not!made!on!the!Late!Payment!and!Strike!Two!Penalty!Due!Date,!then!the!Occupying!Member!shall!receive!a!third!strike,!hereinafter!“Strike!Three”.!!!

e. All!strikes!earned!by!an!Occupying!Member!are!cumulative.!!!

30.2. Payment!Default!Forgiveness.! If! an!Occupying!Member!who! has! earned! a! Strike! and!thereafter! remedied!such!default!and!does!not!come! in!default!of!any! further!payment!obligations! to!the!Association!for!a!period!of!_____!months!or!more!since!the!date!of!such!strike,!then!such!Occupying!Member! shall! be! forgiven! for! the! initial! default! in! payment! by! having! the! Strike! deleted! from! the!Occupying!Member’s!record!and!by!reinstating!the!Occupying!Member’s!voting!rights.!!!

31. Default.!!31.1. Reasons!for!Default.! Any!Occupying!Member! shall! be!deemed! in!Default! for! any!of!

the!following!reasons:!a. If! the! Occupying! Member! has! an! outstanding! payment! obligation! to! the!

Association;!b. If!the!Occupying!Member!fails!to!vote!in!any!General!Assembly!in!such!a!way!so!

as!to!cause!the!Association!to!meet!its!obligations!under!the!Loan!Agreement;!c. If! the! Occupying! Member! fails! to! adhere! to! the! terms! of! the! Right! of! Use!

Agreement;!d. If!the!Occupying!Member!fails!to!act!or!vote!in!such!manner!so!as!to!cause!the!

Association!to!meet! its!obligations!under! the!Loan!or!acts!or!votes! in!such!manner!so!as! to!cause!the!Association!to!fail!to!meet!its!obligations!under!the!Loan!or!other!Members;!

e. If!the!Licensor!under!the!Right!of!Use!Agreement!gives!notice!to!the!Association!that!the!Occupying!Member!has!violated!a!term!of!the!Right!of!Use!Agreement;!

f. If! the! Occupying! Member! fails! to! adhere! to! the! Dwelling! Unit! terms! of! use!provided!for!in!these!bylaws.! !

31.2. Notice!of!Default.! The! Board! of! Directors! shall! issue! a! written! notice! to! the!Occupying!Member!as!soon!as!practicable!after!the!Board!of!Directors!becomes!aware!of!the!Occupying!Member’s!status!of!Default.!

31.3. Effect!of!Being!in!Default.! If!the!Occupying!Member!shall!be!deemed!in!Default,!it!shall!lose!its!right!to!vote!at!any!General!Assembly!until!such!time!as!the!Occupying!Member!can!show!that!the!Occupying!Member!has!cured!his!or!her!Default!or!until!such!time!as!the!Occupying!Member!can!demonstrate!that!he!or!she!shall!no!longer!cause!or!engage!in!such!action!that!caused!the!Default!in!status.!!

32. Loss!of!Membership!Status.!!

32.1. Any!Occupying!Member!shall!lose!its!status!as!a!Member!of!this!Association!if!he!or!she:!a. Earns!a!total!of!three!Strikes!or!more;!

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b. Resigns!as!an!Occupying!Member;!c. Terminates! its! Right! of! Use! Agreement! associated! to! his! or! her! assigned!

Dwelling!Unit;!d. If!the!Licensor!in!the!Right!of!Use!Agreement!gives!notice!to!the!Association!that!

the!Licensor!has!terminated!the!Right!of!Use!Agreement;!e. Fails! to! cure! a! breach! of! the! terms! of! its! Right! of! Use! Agreement! with! the!

Foundation!within!thirty!(30)!days!of!receiving!notice!of!such!breach;!f. Fails! to! cure! a! breach! of! a! condition! of! these! bylaws!within! a! thirty! (30)! day!

period!of!receiving!notice!of!such!breach;!g. If! the!Occupying!Member!fails! to!cure! its!Default!status!within!thirty! (30)!days!

after!receiving!notice!from!the!Board!of!Directors!that!such!Occupying!Member!is!in!Default,!unless!such!Default! is! attributable! to! the! Occupying! Member’s! failure! to! meet! its! payment! obligations! to! the!Association! in!which! case! such!payment! default! shall! only! cause! loss! of!membership! status! upon! the!Occupying!Member’s!earning!three!Strikes!or!more.!

!

32.2. Effects!of!Losing!Membership!Status.! Any!Occupying!Member!who!has! lost! its! status!as!a!Member!of!this!Association!shall:!

a. Not! be! entitled! to! the! reimbursement! of! any! amounts! previously! paid! to! the!Association;!

b. Terminate! or! comply! with! the! Licensor’s! termination! of! the! Right! of! Use!Agreement!resulting!from!such!Loss!of!Membership!Status;!

c. Immediately!vacate!his!or!her!assigned!Dwelling!Unit! in!the!condition!required!by!the!Right!of!Use!Agreement.!

!

33. Assignment!of!New!Occupying!Member.!33.1. Replacement!Selected!Occupying!Member.! In! the! event! that! a!Member! shall! lose!

status! as! a!Member! of! the!Association,! the! Board! of!Directors! shall! select! a! new! Selected!Occupying!Member! to! replace! such! person! from! the! list! of! Future! Potential! Occupying! Members.! ! The! Future!Potential! Occupying! Member! so! selected! shall! be! done! so! in! descending! alphabetical! order! from!remaining! names! on! the! list! of! the! Future! Potential! Occupying! Members.! ! The! Future! Potential!Occupying!Member!so!selected!shall!have!ten!(10)!business!days!after!receiving!his!or!her!notice!of!the!selection! in!order! to! comply!with!Section!28!and!29.3! in!order! to!be!deemed!an!Occupying!Member.!!Such!Member!may!begin!occupying!the!Dwelling!Unit!one!(1)!business!day!after!having!complied!with!both!Section!28!and!29.3.!

!

CHAPTER!EIGHT:!!GENERAL!ASSEMBLIES;!SURVEILLANCE!COMMITTEE!!

34. Participation!in!General!Assemblies.! All!Occupying!Members!have!the!right!to!participate! in!each! General! Assembly.! ! Only! those! Occupying! Members! who! are! not! also! in! Default! may! vote! at!General! Assemblies.! ! All! decisions! taken! by! the! General! Assembly! shall! bind! all! Occupying!Members!whether!in!Default!or!not.!!

35. General!Assembly!Location.! The! Association’s! General! Assemblies! shall! be! held! at! its!headquarters!or!in!any!other!place!designated!by!the!Board!of!Directors!within!the!Village.!

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36. Purpose!of!General!Assemblies.!General!Assemblies!shall!be!held:!!

a. for!the!Board!of!Directors!to!provide!a!yearly!account!status!of!the!Association;!b. for!the!Board!of!Directors!to!provide!any!additional!general!information;!c. for!the!election!of!new!Board!Members!in!the!event!of!the!vacancy!of!any!seat!

of!the!Board!of!Directors!pursuant!to!Section!XX;!d. to! vote! for! new! Board! Members! at! the! end! of! the! term! of! any! Board! of!

Directors;!e. to!address!any!matter(s)!presented!by!the!Grievance!Committee;!f. to!provide!other!general!information.!

!

37. Call!for!General!Assembly.! !37.1. The!Board!of!Directors!must!call!a!General!Assembly!at!least!once!yearly!to!provide!the!

account!status!of!the!Association!and!to!provide!other!general!information.!!A!General!Assembly!may!be!called!by!the!Grievance!Committee!pursuant!to!Section!XX.!

37.2. General!Assembly!Notice.! The! body! calling! the! General! Assembly! must! provide!notice! for! the!General!Assembly,!hereinafter! the!“General!Assembly!Notice”,!which!shall!be!posted!at!the! Headquarters! no! later! than! eight! (8)! days! before! the! date! of! a! General! Assembly.! ! The! General!Assembly!Notice!shall! indicate! the!date,! time,! location!and!agenda! for! such!General!Assembly,!and,! if!applicable,!the!names!of!the!vacant!seats!on!the!Board!of!Directors!requiring!nominations!and!elections.!!The! Board! of! Directors! or! Grievance! Committee! may! additionally! attempt! to! deliver! a! copy! of! such!notice! to!each!Dwelling!Unit.! ! In!any!event,!notice!of!all!General!Assembly!Meetings!shall!be!deemed!made! so! long!as! the!posting! requirement! is!met.! !Alternatively,! the!General!Assembly!Notice!may!be!published!in!a!locally!published!newspaper.!!

38. Power!of!Attorney!for!General!Assemblies.! Every! Occupying!Member!may! be! represented!at! a! General! Assembly! by! another! Occupying! Member! with! a! signed! Power! of! Attorney.! ! No! one!Occupying!Member!can!represent!more!than!two!other!Occupying!Members!at!any!General!Assembly.!!

39. President!of!the!General!Assembly.! The! President! of! the! Board! of! Directors! shall! preside!over!all!General!Assembly!meetings.!!In!the!event!that!the!President!is!unable!or!unwilling!to!attend,!or!if!the!President’s!seat!is!vacant,!then!the!Vice!President!shall!preside!over!the!General!Assembly.!!In!the!event!that!the!Vice!President!is!also!unable,!unwilling,!or!if!the!Vice!President’s!seat!is!also!vacant,!then!the!General!Assembly!shall!be!presided!by!the!oldest!member!of!the!Board!of!Directors.!!

40. Secretary.! The! Board! of! Directors! Secretary! shall! act! as! the! secretary! of! the! General!Assembly.!!If!the!Secretary!is!unable!or!unwilling!to!attend!or!if!the!seat!is!vacant,!then!the!President!of!the!General!Assembly!shall!designate!a!secretary!among!the!remaining!Occupying!Members!present!at!the!General!Assembly.!!The!Secretary!is!responsible!for!keeping!notes!of!the!meeting!and!for!noting!all!resolutions!made.!!

41. General!Assembly!Meeting!Procedures.!

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41.1. Attendance!Sheet.! An! attendance! sheet! indicating! the! first! and! last! names! of! all!Occupying!Members! as!well! as! the!Dwelling!Unit! to!which!each! such!Occupying!Member! is! assigned,!hereinafter!the!“Attendance!Sheet”,!shall!be!signed!by!all!Occupying!Members!present!at!the!meeting!for!themselves!as!well!as!for!the!Occupying!Member(s)!whom!they!are!representing!by!Proxy.!!A!signed!original!version!of!all!Proxies!must!be!kept!by!the!Secretary!of!the!General!Assembly!and!kept!with!the!Association’s!registry.!

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41.2. Assembly!Procedures!For!Board!of!Directors!Elections.! !!

a. Nominations.! Any! Occupying! Member! may! nominate! any! other! Occupying!Member!or!his!or!himself!to!any!vacant!seat!prior!to!or!during!the!General!Assembly.! Each!nominated!candidate!shall!have!the!opportunity!to!speak!at!the!General!Assembly.!!Each!candidate!may!be!nominated!to!no!more!than!two!vacant!seats.!

!

b. Elections.! Prior! to! calling!elections,! the!General!Assembly!President! shall!read!aloud!the!list!of!nominees!for!each!vacant!seat!on!the!Board!of!Directors.!The!President!shall!call!elections! for! the! nominated! Occupying!Members! and! votes! shall! be! collected! secretly.! ! The! election!committee!shall!count!the!number!of!votes!for!each!seat!during!the!General!Assembly.!!The!candidate!with!the!most!votes!to!any!one!seat,!hereinafter!the!“Winning!Candidate”,!shall!be!deemed!elected!to!such!seat.!!If!any!Winning!Candidate!shall!win!the!majority!vote!for!any!two!seats,!then!he!or!she!shall!be! deemed! to! have! won! the! seat! of! the! President,! Vice! President,! Secretary,! Treasurer! or! Rotating!Counselor! in! descending! order! and! the! runner^up! shall! be! deemed! the!winner! for! the! other! seat! to!which!the!Winning!Candidate!was!also!elected!but!is!unable!to!serve.!!The!President!shall!announce!the!winner!to!each!seat!during!the!General!Assembly.!

(i) Tie!Vote.! In! the! event! of! a! tie! vote! between! any! two! or! more!Occupying! Members! to! a! single! empty! seat,! then! the! votes! shall! be! recast! for! a! second! election,!hereinafter!a!“Second!Election”! for! that! seat.! ! In! the!event!of!a! split!vote!during! the!Second!Election,!then!the!oldest!of!the!two!candidates!shall!be!deemed!the!winner.!

(ii) One!Nomination.! If,! for! any! seat! there! is! only! one! nominated!candidate,!then!such!candidate!shall!be!deemed!the!Winning!Candidate!for!such!seat.!

(iii) No!Nominations.! If,!for!any!reason!any!seat!shall!remain!without!any!nominated!candidates,!hereinafter! the! “Unchallenged!Seat”,! then!all!of! the! candidates!previously!nominated!who!are!not!deemed!a!Winning!Candidate,!hereinafter!the!“Unelected!Nominee(s)”,!shall!be!considered! as! candidates! for! the!Unchallenged! Seat,! and! votes! shall! be! cast! amongst! such!Unelected!Nominees! for!such!Unchallenged!Seat.! !The!Unelected!Nominee!with!the!most!votes!shall!be!deemed!the!Winning!Candidate!for!such!Unchallenged!Seat.! ! In!the!event!that!there! is!no!Unelected!Nominee,!then!the!Board!of!Directors!may!appoint!a!Member!to!such!seat.!

(iv) Results.!The! results!of! the!elections! shall! be!kept!by! the!Secretary!and!included!in!the!register!at!the!Headquarters.!!!!!

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41.3. General!Assembly!Minutes.! The! minutes! of! all! General! Assemblies! including!decisions! taken! shall! be! kept! by! the! Secretary! and! signed! by! the! President! and! the! Secretary! of! the!Board!or,!by!any!two!other!Directors.!

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41.4. Extracts!of!General!Assembly!Minutes.! The!President!and!the!Secretary!of!the!Board!of!Directors!or!any!two!other!Directors!may!sign!the!Extracts!of!General!Assembly!Minutes.!!

42. Quorum.!!The!General!Assembly!shall!have!a!quorum!when!at!least!_____!Occupying!Members,!whether!in!Default!or!not,!not!including!the!Board!Members,!are!present.!!

43. Votes.! Decisions!of!the!General!Assembly!shall!be!made!by!a!vote!of!_____!or!more!and!shall!bind!all!Occupying!Members!and!Future!Potential!Occupying!Members.!!

44. Supermajority.! Votes! of! the!General! Assembly! affecting! the! following!matters! shall! require! a!supermajority!vote!of!__________!or!more:!

a. Modification!of!the!bylaws!(such!modification!can!only!be!done!after!the!end!of!the!term!of!the!Loan!Agreement);!

b. Authorization!to!the!Board!of!Directors!to!Modify!terms!of!the!Loan!Agreement;!c. The!winding!up!and!dissolution!of!the!Association!in!the!following!events:!

(i) If!the!number!of!remaining!Occupying!Members!is!less!than!_______;!(ii) If!the!Association!has!been!inactive!during!a!fiscal!year;!(iii) If! the! Association! has! been! unable! to! hold! a! General! Assembly! for! a!

period!of!two!(2)!years!or!more;!d. In!the!event!of!bankruptcy.!

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45. Unanimous!Decisions.! The! increase! of! Service! Fees!may! not! be! increased! by!modification! of!the! bylaws! or! otherwise! until! such! time! that! the! entire! Debt! Service! Amount! is! completely! paid! off.!!Once! the! entire! Debt! Service! Amount! is! completely! paid! off,! then! the! Service! Fee! amount! may! be!increased!by!unanimous!decision!only.!!

46. Grievance!Committee.! During!the!beginning!of!any!term!of!the!Board!of!Directors,!the!General!Assembly!shall! form!a!Grievance!Committee!of! three!seats.! !The!Grievance!Committee!Members!shall!serve! a! three! year! term.! ! The! purpose! of! the! Grievance! Committee! shall! be! the! accept! all! neighbor!complaints,!ensure!the!compliance!of!Occupying!Members!of!all!violations!of!the!Association!Bylaws;!act!as!mediator!of!first!recourse!in!the!event!of!any!inquiries!or!complaints!as!to!the!Association’s!financial!matters;! report! all! violations! of! the! Right! of! Use! Agreements! or! of! these! Bylaws! to! the! Board! of!Directors.! ! If! the! Grievance! Committee! is! unable! to! resolve! any! matter! directly! with! the! Board! of!Director,!it!shall!call!a!General!Assembly!so!as!to!address!the!course!of!action.!!

47. Dwelling!Unit!Construction!Rules.!!

47.1. Conditions!for!Additions!or!Extensions.! Every! Occupying!Member! has! the! right! of! use!and! enjoyment! of! the! Dwelling! Unit! assigned! to! it,! including! the! right! to!make! any! additions! to! the!Dwelling! Unit! and! adjoining! property! per! the! Right! of! Use! Agreement! at! his! or! her! cost! with! the!following!conditions:!

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a. Members!may!not!build!any!second!story!to!the!existing!Dwelling!Unit;!b. Members!may!not!build!any!two^story!extensions!to!the!existing!Dwelling!Unit;!c. Members!may!build!additions!or!extensions!to!the!Dwelling!Unit!only!so!long!as!

such!addition!does!not! surpass! the!Dwelling!Unit!property!Perimeter!as!described! in! the!Right!of!Use!Agreement;!

d. Any!addition!or!extension!to!the!Dwelling!Unit!may!be!termoporary!and!easily!removed!without!damage!to!the!existing!structure;!

e. Overhangs!beyond!the!perimeter!are!not!allowed.!!

47.2. Reimbursement! for! Additions! or! Extensions.! ! Any! Occupying! Member! whose!Membership! status! is! removed! pursuant! to! Section! XX! shall! not! be! reimbursed! for! any! additions! or!improvements!made! to! his! or! her! assigned! Dwelling! Unit! and! the! adjoining! Perimeter.! ! ! ! Occupying!Members!hereby!waive!any!claim!he!or!she!may!have!for!any!such!claim.!

47.3. Assignment! of! Dwelling! Unit! with! Existing! Additions! or! Extensions.! ! Any! Occupying!Member!who!becomes!as!a! result!of!Section!XX!shall,! in!signing!these!bylaws,!waive!any!claim! it!may!have! against! the! Association! for! any! damage! incurred! as! a! result! of! any! Addition! or! Extension!constructed! by! the! previous! Occupying!Member.! ! If! such! new! Occupying!Member! does! not! wish! to!waive! any! such! claim,! then! the! Association!may! remove! the! Extension! or! Addition! prior! to! the! new!Occupying!Member!making!use!of! the!Dwelling!Unit.! ! In! such!event,! the!one^day!delay! for!use!of! the!Dwelling!Unit! after! payment!of! the! Subscription! Fee,! the! accumulated!Monthly! Installments! and! Late!Payment!Fees!shall!be!extended!by!a!reasonable!number!of!days!so!that! the!Association!may!remove!the!added!Extension!or!Addition!at!its!cost.!!

48. Member!Claim!Waivers.!Each!Member! signing! these! bylaws! hereby! consents! to! its! terms! and!waives!any!claim!it!may!have!against!any!of!the!remaining!members!of!the!Association!individually.!!If!a!claim! against! the! Association! or! any! of! its! individual!Members! is! deemed! required! by! law,! then! the!amount! of! any! damages! awarded! shall! be! no! greater! than! the! amount! of! _____! of! the! Reserves!established!by!the!Association.!!

49. Member!Liabilities.! If!any!one!Member! is! found!personally! liable! for!actions!authorized!by!the! Association,! then! the! Association! shall! indemnify! such! Member! for! the! entire! amount! of! such!liability!not!to!exceed!________!of!the!Reserves!established!by!the!Association.!!

50. Dates.! If! any! of! the! dates! required! for! action! under! these! Bylaws! should! fall! on! a! holiday,!weekend!or!be!on!a!day!on! the!occurrence!of! a! Force!Majeure,! then! such!day! shall! automatically!be!pushed!for!the!following!day.!!

51. Effective!Date!for!Bylaws.! The! present! Association! Bylaws! shall! become! effective! on! the!date! of! its! adoption! by! the! Founding! Members! during! the! Founding! Board’s! meeting! on!________________!for!the!formation!of!the!Association.!!

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SIGNATURES!OF!OCCUPYING!MEMBERS:!

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ACCORD DE GARANTIE ET DE GESTION D’UNITES DE LOGEMENT DU VILLAGE ENTRE FONDATION …., fondation dument autorisée à fonctionner dans la mairie de …, publiée au journal officiel, Le Moniteur, #.... du …. 201…, ayant son bureau principal sis au …., Haiti, identifiée au Numéro d’Immatriculation Fiscal (NIF) : …, dument représentée par son … en vertu d’une résolution de son Conseil d’Administration en date du …., …., demeurant et domicilié à …., identifié au NIF :…, ci-après dénommé « la Fondation » ; ET ASSOCIATION DES HABITANTS DU VILLAGE XXX, association dument autorisée à fonctionner par le Ministère des Affaires Sociales et du Travail, ayant son bureau principal sis au …., Haiti, identifiée au NIF :…, dument représentée par son …, en vertu d’une résolution de son Conseil d’Administration en date du …., ... demeurant et domicilié à …, identifié au NIF :…, ci-après dénommée « l’Association ». ATTENDU QUE la Fondation a affermé une superficie de …. M2 de terrain appartenant à l’Etat située à …. ATTENDU QUE l’Association est composée de membres occupant et/ou devant occuper des unités individuelles de logement se trouvant sur une propriété dont le droit d’usage est affermé par la Fondation auprès de l’Etat. ATTENDU QUE la Fondation a financé la construction des unités de logement qu’elle a affermé de l’Etat ; ATTENDU QUE la Fondation autorise l’utilisation de ses unités de logement à chacun des membres de l’Association en contrepartie d’être en règles avec celle-ci ; ATTENDU QUE la Fondation désire céder son droit d’usage aux membres de l’Association ;

AGREEMENT FOR THE ASSIGNMENT OF A LEASE AGREEMENT BETWEEN FOUNDATION ...., Duly authorized to operate in Foundation Hall ..., published in the official journal, Le Moniteur, # .... of .... ... 201, having its principal office located at ..., Haiti, identified in the Tax Registration Number (TIN). ..., Duly represented by its ... under a resolution of its Board of Directors dated .... ..., resident and domiciled at ..., identified NIF:.. ..., hereinafter referred to as "the Foundation"; AND ASSOCIATION OF RESIDENTS VILLAGE XXX, duly association authorized to operate by the Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour, having its principal office located at ..., Haiti, identified in the NIF. ..., Duly represented by its ... under a resolution of its Board of Directors on ... ... staying and living in ..., identified NIF. ..., hereinafter referred to as "the Association". WHEREAS the Foundation has leased an area of .... Field M2 of state-owned property located at.... WHEREAS the Association is composed of members occupying or that shall occupy individual Dwelling Units located on a property in which is leased by the Foundation with the State as Lessor ; WHEREAS the Foundation has funded the construction of Dwelling Units on the leased property of the State; WHEREAS the Foundation authorizes the use of these Dwelling Units to each member of the Association with the consideration that such Member abide by the Association’s bylaws ; WHEREAS the Foundation wishes to transfer his rights under the lease with the State to the

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EN CONSÉQUENCE DE CE QUI PRÉCÈDE, LES PARTIES ONT CONVENU CE QUI SUIT : ARTICLE 1. OBJET Les Parties ont pour projet de permettre l’accès à des unités de logements se trouvant dans le Village …. aux membres de l’Association (ci-après, « le Projet »). Le présent accord a pour but de :

• régir contractuellement la relation entre la Fondation et l’Association

• définir les droits et les obligations des parties et les conditions de leur engagement ;

• formaliser les conditions dans lesquelles les Parties conçoivent de mettre en œuvre une politique commune afin de mener à terme le Projet.

ARTICLE 2. TRANSACTION ENVISAGÉE La Fondation confie par les présentes à l’Association, qui l’accepte, la mise en place d’une plateforme de remboursement des frais encourus par la Fondation pour la construction et l’aménagement des unités de logement se trouvant dans le Village …. dont les plans sont annexés aux présentes pour en faire partie intégrante. A ce titre, la Fondation s’engage à mettre à la disposition de l’Association l’ensemble des unités de logement une fois que leur construction sera achevée afin que l’Association puisse à son tour les assigner à ses membres selon ses termes et conditions. ARTICLE 3. OBLIGATIONS DE LA FONDATION

a. La Fondation s’engage à autoriser à tous membres désignés par l’Association l’habitation et l’utilisation de ses unités de logement se trouvant au Village …, tel que défini à l’ANNEXE 1 des présentes;

b. La Fondation s’engage à transférer l’ensemble des droits qu’elle détient sur chaque unité de logement respectivement à chacun des membres de l’Association une fois que ce dernier aura acquitté l’ensemble des frais que la Fondation aura encouru pour

individual Members of the Association ; THEREFORE THE FOREGOING, THE PARTIES HAVE AGREED THAT: ARTICLE 1. PURPOSE The Parties have plans to provide access to housing units in the Village .... to Members of the Association (hereinafter "the Project"). This agreement aims to: • govern the contractual relationship between the Foundation and the Association • define the rights and obligations of the parties and the terms of their engagement; • formalize the conditions under which the Parties shall implement a common policy to bring the project to completion. ARTICLE 2. PROPOSED TRANSACTION The Foundation shall on the Execution Date, assigns to the Association, who accepts, its obligations under a loan agreement with XX, which funds were used by the Foundation for the construction and development of Dwelling Units in the Village .... whose plans are annexed hereto to be an integral part. As such, the Foundation is committed to make available to the Association Members all housing units once their construction is completed, subject to a Right of Use Agreement, annexed hereto as Annex 2. ARTICLE 3. OBLIGATIONS OF THE FOUNDATION a. The Foundation is committed to allowing

all members appointed by the Association housing and the use of its housing units located in the Village ... as defined in Appendix 1 hereto;

b. The Foundation undertakes to transfer all

of its rights under the lease Agreement with the State to each member of the Association once the latter has paid all the expenses that the Foundation incurs for building the Dwelling Unit assigned to such Member per the terms of the

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la construction son unité de logement ;

c. La Fondation garanti à l’Association qu’elle est légalement seul titulaire du droit d’usage de l’ensemble des unités de logement se trouvant au Village …, qu’elle est dûment autorisée à céder ses droits et obligations vis-à-vis de l’Etat Haïtien et à se soumettre aux obligations qui en découlent. La Fondation garantie à l’Association que chacun de ses membres pourra paisiblement jouir de la possession de chacune des unités de logement dont elle lui aura confié la gestion conformément à l’ARTICLE 1 des présentes sans interruption de sa part. De plus, la Fondation garantit à l’Association qu’aucun de ses membres ne sera pas tenu pour responsable d’aucune demande, plainte, action ou procès engagés par une tierce partie en rapport au droit de propriété de chacune des unités de logement.

ARTICLE 4. OBLIGATIONS DE L’ASSOCIATION

1. L’Association s’engage à respecter ses statuts ;

2. L’Association s’engage à adopter et à faire respecter par chacun de ses membres des Règlement de cohabitation du le Village …

3. L’Association s’engage à tenir informé la Fondation de chacun des paiements effectués et/ou défaut de paiement de chacun de ses membres utilisant les unités de logement de la Fondation ;

4. L’Association s’engage à informer la Fondation de chacun des défauts de paiement de ses membres et lorsque chacun d’eux aura failli à son obligation de paiement en trois fois ;

5. A l’arrivée de chaque terme de chacun de ses

membres, l’Association s’engage à : a. Verser dans les 2 jours qui suivent la

somme suivante au compte …… : i. Capital +

Association Bylaws hereby attached c. The Foundation represents to the

Association that it is legally the sole owner of the right of use of all housing units located in the Village ... she is duly authorized to assign its rights and obligations under the lease with the State of Haiti and accept any obligations arising therefrom.

The Foundation represents and warrants to the Association that each Member may peacefully enjoy the use of each of the Dwelling Units which shall be entrusted to each such Member without interruption. Additionally, the Foundation guarantees and warrants to the Association that none of its members will be held responsible for any demand, claim, action or proceeding incurred by a third party in relation to ownership of each of the housing units. ARTICLE 4. OBLIGATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION 1. The Association agrees to comply with its

bylaws; 2. The Association is committed to adopting

and enforcing by each member of cohabitation for a Regulation of the Village ...

3. The Association agrees to keep the

Foundation informed of each payment made and / or failure to pay each member of the Foundation using the housing units;

4. The Association agrees to inform the

Foundation of each of defaults of its members and when each of them have failed in its obligation to pay in three installments;

5. At the finish of each term of each of its

members, the Association is committed to: a. Pay within 2 days following the following sum to the account......:

i. Capital +

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ii. Intérêt De la dette de chacun de ses membres devant rembourser les frais de construction de leur unité de logement.

6. L’Association s’engage à évincer

automatiquement ses membres en cas de défaut de trois termes de paiement ;

7. L’association s’engage a aviser a la Fondation une foi qu’un membre aurait voter d’une telle maniere a violer les termes du contrat de prêt

ARTICLE 5. INTERPRÉTATION Les parties déclarent que toutes les clauses ci-dessus énumérées sont l’expression de leur commune volonté et demeurent d’exécution stricte. Toute violation de l’une d’entre elles pourra mettre fin au présent contrat avec les conséquences de droit, si bon semble à la partie victime de la violation. Les titres descriptifs des articles de ce contrat ne sont utilisés que pour la commodité des parties et n'affectent en rien sa structure ou son interprétation. ARTICLE 6. PAS DE JOINT VENTURE Le présent contrat ne doit pas être interprété comme une joint-venture, partenariat ou toute autre structure d’affaire. Aucune Partie ne doit agir comme agent ou partenaire d’une autre sans obtenir préalablement le consentement écrit de l’autre Partie. ARTICLE 7. NON APPLICATION DE L’UNE DES CLAUSES DU CONTRAT Le fait pour le Preneur de s’abstenir de réclamer l’application de l’une des clauses contenues au présent contrat n’entraîne ni un acquiescement, ni une modification du bail. Toute modification du bail doit être faite par écrit et signée des deux parties. ARTICLE 8. LOI APPLICABLE

ii. Interest 6. The Association undertakes to

automatically oust its members in case of default of three terms of payment;

7. The Association shall advise the

Foundation as soon as a Member fails to meet its payment obligations under the Association Bylaws.

ARTICLE 5. INTERPRETATION The parties declare that all the terms listed above are the expression of their common will and remain strict execution. Any violation of one of them may terminate this contract with the legal consequences, however good seems to the victim of the violation. The descriptive section titles in this Agreement are used for convenience of the parties and do not affect its structure or its interpretation. ARTICLE 6. NO JOINT VENTURE This contract should not be interpreted as a joint venture, partnership or other business structure. No Party shall act as agent or partner of another without the prior written consent of the other Party. ARTICLE 7. NON APPLICATION OF ONE OF CONTRACT CLAUSES The fact that the Lessee to refrain from demanding the application of one of the clauses in this contract does not imply any acquiescence or a modification of the lease. Any modification of the lease must be in writing and signed by both parties. ARTICLE 8. GOVERNING LAW For everything that has not been the subject of a special clause, the parties intend to apply and refer exclusively to Haitian laws

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Pour tout ce qui n’aurait pas fait l’objet d’une clause spéciale, les parties entendent se référer et se réfèrent exclusivement aux lois haïtiennes régissant la matière. ARTICLE 9. ARBITRAGE Les différends qui viendraient à se produire au sujet de la validité, de l’interprétation, de l’exécution ou de l’inexécution, de l’interruption ou de la résiliation des présentes, ainsi que ce qui ont trait à la validité des présentes, seront soumis à la Chambre de Conciliation et d’Arbitrage d’Haïti et ce, à l'exclusion des juridictions étatiques. Le Tribunal arbitral sera également compétent pour ordonner des mesures provisoires dans tous les cas d’urgences l’exclusion des juridictions étatiques. Les Parties conviennent qu’un (1) arbitre sera désigné par la Chambre de Conciliation et d’Arbitrage d’Haïti qui appliquera les règles d’arbitrage de cette institution. La décision de l’arbitre est finale et sans appel. ARTICLE 10. AVIS Les communications échangées dans le cadre du présent Protocole d'entente doivent être envoyées à: FONDATION ASSOCIATION DES RÉSIDENTS DU VILLAGE Adresse!:!Tel: +509 En cas de changement d’adresse, chacune des Parties s’engage à notifier les autres par un avis écrit avec accusé de réception à cet effet. Tout avis donné en vertu des présentes sera réputé avoir été effectivement donné le troisième jour suivant le jour où l'avis correctement adressée. FAIT DE BONNE FOI À PORT-AU-PRINCE EN DOUBLE ORIGNAL, CE __________ FÉVRIER 2015.

governing the matter. ARTICLE 9. ARBITRATION The disputes which may arise regarding the validity, interpretation, performance or non-performance, interruption or termination hereof, and which relate to the validity of these will be submitted to the Chamber of Conciliation and Arbitration of Haiti and to the exclusion of courts. The Arbitral Tribunal shall also be competent to order provisional measures in all emergencies excluding state courts. The Parties agree that one (1) arbitrator shall be appointed by the Chamber of Conciliation and Arbitration of Haiti who will apply the arbitration rules of the institution. The decision of the arbitrator is final and binding. ARTICLE 10. NOTICES Communications exchanged under this MOU should be sent to: FOUNDATION ASSOCIATION OF RESIDENTS OF THE VILLAGE Address: Tel: +509 In case of change of address, each Party agrees to notify the other by notice in writing with return receipt to that effect. Any notice given hereunder shall be deemed effectively given on the third day following the day the notice properly addressed. MADE IN GOOD FAITH IN PORT-AU-PRINCE DOUBLE MOOSE EC __________ February 2015.

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CONCESSION DE DROIT D’HABITATION ENTRE XXXXXX, ci-après identifié le « Concédant ». ET XXXXX, demeurant et domicilié à …, identifié au NIF et au CIN, respectivement : …., ci-après identifié l’ « Usager ». Le Concédant et l’Usager pourront être individuellement ci-après désigné « La Partie » et collectivement « Les Parties ». CONSIDERANT QUE l’État haïtien octroyé au Concédant un contrat de bail sur une propriété de …. M2 situé à …. Pour une période de … commençant à courir le … pour prendre fin le …. ; CONSIDERANT QU’en vertu du contrat d’affermage entre l’État et la Fondation … et les lois régissant l’affermage des biens du domaine privé de l’État, le Concédant détient un droit de premier refus advenant la vente de la propriété affermée; CONSIDERANT QUE le Concédant à financé la réalisation des plans architecturaux pour la construction d’un village dénommé …. sur les propriétés concédées par l’État Haïtien; CONSIDERANT QUE l’Usager affirme avoir la capacité économique pour financer la construction de l’unité de logement …. tel que prévus par les plans prévus à l’annexe I des présentes; CONSIDERANT QUE le Concédant désire concéder son droit pour l’usage de l’unité de logement …. à l’Usager pour une période de …; CONSIDÉRANT QU’à la fin du présent contrat le Concédant désire transférer ses droit et obligations à l’Usager conformément aux termes et conditions prévues aux présentes; EN CONSÉQUENCE DE CE QUI

GRANT OF DWELLING RIGHT OF USE BETWEEN XXXXXX, hereinafter identified as the "Licensor". ET XXXXX, residing and domiciled at ... identified NIF and CIN, respectively. ..., Hereinafter identified as the "User". Licensor and the User may be hereinafter referred to as "The Party" and collectively as the "Parties". WHEREAS the State of Haiti has granted to Licensor a lease for residential purposes over the State’s Property of ………. Square meters located at ……………….. for a term starting on the ... ... and ending on .... ; WHEREAS, pursuant to such lease agreement and the laws concerning the lease of state property, the Licensor shall be granted the Right of First Refusal over the sale of such State Property; WHEREAS the Licensor administered the financing of and executed the architectural, engineering planning and final construction of dwelling units in a village called ….................. on the Property leased to the Licensor by the State of Haiti’s lease; WHEREAS the User represents that he or she has the economic capacity to pay for all housing association dues, hereby included as Annex A, thereon; WHEREAS the Licensor wishes to grant the Right of Use of Dwelling Unit ………. to the User for the term of this Agreement; WHEREAS upon the natural expiration of this Agreement, Licensor wishes to assign its rights in the Property to the User along the terms of this Agreement;

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PRÉCÈDE, LES PARTIES ONT CONVENU CE QUI SUIT : ARTICLE 1. DESIGNATION DES LIEUX Le Concédant donne par les présentes à l’Usager qui l’accepte l’usage pour des fins d’habitation, pour la durée et sous les conditions ci-après indiquées, d’une unité de logement située au XXXXX, Haiti. L’unité de logement est composée de [description des lieux]. Ainsi au surplus que les lieux objet des présentes existent et se comportent sans aucune exception, ni réserve, et sans qu’il soit nécessaire d’en faire une plus ample désignation, l’Usager déclarant parfaitement les connaître pour les avoir visités en vue des présentes. ARTICLE 2. DUREE Le présent accord est fait pour une durée de [durée de l’accord], qui commencera à courir le ______________ 2014 pour prendre fin le ________________ 20…. Le présent accord n’est pas renouvelable. Cependant, les Parties peuvent s’entendre sur les termes d’un nouveau contrat, [XXX] jours avant la fin du présent contrat. Et si aucune entente n’est trouvée, l’Usager s’engage à vider les lieux à l’expiration du présent contrat. ARTICLE 3. MODALITÉS DE JOUISSANCE Le présent accord est à titre gratuit et pourra être résilié à tout moment par le Concédant en cas de non respect par l’Usager des termes et conditions d’utilisation de l’unité de logement prévus ci-dessous :

1. L’Usager pourra loger sa famille et toute autre personnes de son choix, mais ne pourra obtenir aucune redevance de leur part pour la jouissance de cette unité de logement.

2. L’Usager jouira des lieux objet des présentes en bon père de famille conformément à leur destination. A ce

IN LIGHT OF THE FOREGOING, THE PARTIES HEREBY AGREE AS FOLLOWS: ARTICLE 1. DESCRIPTION OF DWELLING UNIT AND ASSOCIATED PREMISES Licensor hereby grants to the User and the User hereby accepts to use for residential purposes Dwelling Unit No. _____ and its associated premises, hereby referred to as “Dwelling Unit ____”, a recent survey and description of which is included in Annex B, hereby incorporated into this Agreement by this reference. The User hereby represents that he or she has inspected and approved of the condition of Dwelling Unit ____ and, acknowledges that the description of Dwelling Unit _______ is accurate without any reservations or exceptions. ARTICLE 2. TERM The initial term of this Agreement is for a period of __________________________[length of the Right of Use], starting on _________________, ______ and ending no later than ____________. The Initial Term may be extended, upon notice from the Housing Association advising the Licensor of the User’s default in payment obligations to the Housing Association, by the number of days it took for the User to cure such default in payment. This Agreement is not renewable. However, the parties may agree on the terms of a new contract, [XXX] days before the end of this contract. And if no agreement is found, the User shall vacate the Dwelling Unit ______ upon the Agreement’s expiration. ARTICLE 3. TERMS OF USE The Right of Use granted under this Agreement is gratuitous and may be revoked by Licensor if the User breaches any of the Conditions for the Use of the Dwelling Unit listed below:

1. The User may house his family and other people of his choice, but may not collect any commission, royalty, rent or other consideration for the

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titre, l’Usager s’engage à : a. jouir des lieux objet des présentes en

bon père de famille ; b. Ne rien faire ou laisser faire qui

puisse détériorer l’unité de logement ;

c. N’exercer aucune activité illégale ou nuisible aux voisins ;

d. Ne pas faire de bruits qui puissent déranger les voisins ;

e. Acquitter les frais de l’association du village conformément aux Règlements Intérieurs de celui-ci annexés aux présentes pour en faire partie intégrante ;

3. Il est en outre entendu que l’Usager ne pourra, en aucun cas, rendre le Concédant responsable de tout dommage pouvant survenir à ses biens et aux personnes pouvant être sous sa responsabilité, notamment en cas d’incendie et/ou d’explosion dues à l’électricité, à un gaz, ou d’un dégât d’eaux ou autre, lorsque ce dernier n’est pas dû à un défaut de structure.

4. L’Usager ne peut en aucun cas rendre le Concédant responsable en cas de vol commis dans l’Unité de logement pour laquelle la jouissance lui a été confiée.

5. L’Usager ne peut en aucun cas utiliser l’unité de logement de manière à obtenir compensation sous quelques formes que ce soit.

ARTICLE 4. DESTINATION DES LIEUX L’immeuble objet des présentes est destiné uniquement à des fins d’habitation. Nul ne pourra y être logé à titre onéreux. ARTICLE 5. RESILIATION Le Concédant : A défaut du paiement d’un seul terme des frais de maintenance du village ou l’inexécution d’une seule des clauses et conditions du présent contrat qui sont toutes d’interprétation strictes, le Concédant pourra résilié le présent accord si bon lui semble après notification du défaut à l’Usager. Dans ce cas, la

enjoyment or use of the Dwelling Unit.

2. The User shall enjoy the subject matter of these places in good father6 for their intended purpose. In this respect, the User agrees to: a. guarantee their enjoyment of the

subject matter hereof as a good father;

b. not cause or allow any damage to occur to the Dwelling Unit other than regular wear and tear;

c. not engage in any illegal or harmful activity to neighbors;

d. not make noise that could disturb the neighbors;

e. remain current with the Housing Association fees arising from the use of the Dwelling Unit in the village in accordance with Internal Regulations included hereto as Annex B, hereby included into this Agreement by this reference;

3. It is further understood that the User

shall not, under any circumstances, hold the Licensor liable for any damage that may occur to persons and property which may be under its responsibility, especially in case of fire and / or explosion resulting from electric malfunction, gas, or water damage or other, when the latter is not due to a structural defect.

4. User shall in no way hold the Licensor responsible in case of theft committed in the housing unit for which the enjoyment was assigned.

5. User may not use the Dwelling Unit for purposes of providing shelter against compensation

ARTICLE 4. AUTHORIZED PURPOSE FOR THE RENTAL The authorized use for the Dwelling Unit is solely for residential purposes. It may not be used for purposes other than residential. ARTICLE 5. TERMINATION

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résiliation aura lieu de plein droit sans qu’il soit besoin de la faire prononcer en justice et sans aucune autre formalité, permettant au Concédant de reprendre possession des lieux donné à usage d’habitation, le tout sans préjudice des droits lui appartenant de poursuivre l’Usager en dommage intérêt. Par l’Usager : Le contrat pourra être résilié automatiquement par l’une ou l’autre des parties et sans indemnité aucune dans le cas de force majeure ou dans le cas où les lieux objet des présentes seraient totalement détruits, endommagés par suite d’un sinistre du fait de la nature ou de l’homme tels que : séisme, ouragan, foudre, émeutes, troubles civiles, guerre ou autres. Par chacune des Parties : Le présent contrat pourra être résilié automatiquement par chacune des Parties et sans indemnité en cas de force majeure ou advenant le cas où l’unité de logement objet des présentes perde sa nature en raison de la destruction totale ou importante ou dommages causés par une catastrophe naturelle ou par l'homme tels que les tremblements de terre, ouragans, foudre, émeutes, troubles civils, une guerre ou autre. ARTICLE 6. INTERPRETATION Les titres descriptifs des articles de ce contrat ne sont utilisés que pour la commodité des parties et n'affectent en rien sa structure ou son interprétation. Dans le présent contrat, selon le cas, le singulier comprend le pluriel, et vice-versa, et le masculin comprend le féminin, et vice-versa. ARTICLE 7. NOTIFICATION Les parties déclarent que toutes les clauses ci-dessus énumérées sont l’expression de leur commune volonté et demeurent d’exécution stricte. Toute violation de l’une d’entre elles pourra mettre fin au présent contrat avec les conséquences de droit, si bon semble à la partie victime de la violation. Pour l’exécution des présentes, les Parties déclarent élire domicile à […], cette élection de domicile étant attributive de juridiction. Toutes

1. By Licensor: The Licensor may immediately terminate this Agreement without damages if the Licensor finds that the User has violated any of the Conditions of Use of the Premises. In such event, Licensor shall issue written notice to the User of its intention to, effective immediately, terminate the Right of Use Agreement, and, upon delivery of such notice to the User, such termination will take place automatically without the need of a court order and without further formality, a referee injunction shall be sufficient to reinstate to the Licensor the right of use and enjoyment of the premises for residential purposes, all without prejudice to the Licensor’s rights to pursue the User at law for interest and damages. 2. By User: The User may terminate this Agreement at any time without damages for such early termination with written notice delivered to the Licensor. 3. By Either Party: The contract may be terminated automatically by either of the parties and without any damage incurred by either in the case of a force majeure or in the event that the intended purpose of the dwelling be rendered useless due to the total or substantial destruction or damage caused by a natural disaster or by man such as earthquake, hurricane, lightning, riots, civil disturbances, war or other. ARTICLE 6. INTERPRETATION The titles of the Articles of this Agreement are used for convenience of the parties and shall not affect the structure or interpretation of this Agreement. In this contract, as applicable, the singular includes the plural and vice versa, and the masculine includes the feminine and vice versa. ARTICLE 7. NOTIFICATION The parties declare that all the provisions listed above are the expression of their common will and should be subject to strict interpretation and execution. Any violation of any term may cause termination of this Agreement with damages. For the execution of this Agreement, the Parties declare domicile in [____________], the address confers jurisdiction for purposes of any dispute therein. All notices, requests or other

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les notifications, demandes ou autres communications nécessaires dans le cadre du présent contrat doivent être faites par écrit et transmises par planche avec accusé de réception. La notification d’une Partie doit être envoyée à l’adresse appropriée indiquée ci-après ou à toute autre adresse que l’autre Partie lui indiquerait, conformément à la présente clause :

Pour le Concédant Pour l’Usager

Adresse :

ARTICLE 8. LOI APPLICABLE Pour tout ce qui n’aurait pas fait l’objet d’une clause spéciale, les parties entendent se référer et se réfèrent exclusivement aux lois haïtiennes régissant la matière. FAIT A […], DE BONNE FOI ET EN DOUBLE (2) ORIGINAUX, CE ____________ 2015.

communications required under this contract shall be in writing and sent by _________ with written receipt requested. For purposes of written notice, the address for delivery of notices to a Party shall be sent to the appropriate address indicated below or to such other address as directed by the parties, in accordance with this clause: The Licensor: _________________ The User: _________________ The Dwelling Unit: _________________ ARTICLE 8. LAW Any dispute arising from this Agreement that is not addressed by this Agreement shall be treated exclusively per the laws of the Republic of Haiti governing the matter. In [_________] IN GOOD FAITH AND TWO (2) ORIGINALS on ____________ 2015.

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Annex!6:!Example!Occupancy! !

Inspection!Checkl ist !! !

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Occupancy(Inspection(Checklist:(

(i. Exterior(Ground(Leveling(Checklist(

(

◊ ALL!GRADING!AT!PERIMETER!OF!NEW!CONSTRUCTION!SLOPES!AWAY!FROM!FOUNDATIONS(◊ ALL!CONSTRUCTION!LOOSE!DEBRIS!AND!CONSTRUCTION!MATERIALS!HAVE!BEEN!REMOVED!

FROM!THE!SITE(◊ ALL!PIPE!CONNECTIONS!FROM!NEW!CONSTRUCTION!TO!CISTERNS!AND!SEPTIC!TANKS!HAVE!

BEEN!BURIED!TO!A!DEPTH!NO!LESS!THAN!30CM(◊ ALL!UNDERGROUND!ELECTRICAL!WIRING!FROM!JUNCTION!STATIONS!TO!NEW!STRUCTURE!

METERS!HAS!BEEN!BURIED!TO!A!DEPTH!NO!LESS!THAN!30CM((

! CORRECTIVE(ACTION(REQUIRED:((SEE(COMMENTS(SECTION(BELOW((

(

(

ii. Exterior(and(Interior(Finish(Quality(Checklist((

◊ ALL!PLASTER!SURFACES!ARE!FREE!OF!CRACKS,!INDENTS,!AND!SURFACE!IMPERFECTIONS(◊ ALL!EXTERIOR!PLASTER!CORNER!EDGES!ARE!SQUARED!AND!STRAIGHT(◊ ALL!EXTERIOR!SURFACE!PAINTING!AT!WALL!SURFACES!MATCH!APPROVED!COLOR!SAMPLES(◊ ALL!EXTERIOR!AND!INTERIOR!PAINTED!SURFACES!ARE!FREE!OF!RUNS,!STREAKS,!CHIPS,!AND!

CRACKS(◊ ALL!EXTERIOR!ROOF!SURFACES!HAVE!RECEIVED!DRYLOCK!PAINT!AS!REQUIRED(◊ ALL!WINDOW!GLASS,!AND!EXTERIOR/INTERIOR!FRAMES!ARE!FREE!OF!PAINT!OVERSPRAY!OR!

DRIPS.(◊ ALL!ELECTRICAL!OUTLETS,!SWITCHES,!AND!FIXTURES!ARE!FREE!OF!PAINT!OVERSPRAY!OR!DRIPS(◊ ALL!TILE!WORK!IS!CONSISTENT,!WITH!NO!CHIPPED!OR!DAMAGED!TILES(◊ ALL!TILE!GROUT!IS!COMPLETED!WITH!THE!SAME!COLOR!AND!DEPTH!OF!CEMENT(◊ ALL!BATHROOM!TILE!MATCHES!APPROVED!COLOR!SAMPLES(

(


(

(

(

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iii. Floor(Finish(Checklist((

◊ ALL!TILES!ARE!FREE!OF!CHIPS!OR!CRACKS(◊ ALL!FLOOR!TILE!GROUT!IS!COMPLETED!WITH!THE!SAME!COLOR!AND!DEPTH!OF!CEMENT(◊ ALL!FLOOR!TILE!MATCHES!APPROVED!SAMPLES(◊ ALL!EXTERIOR!WALKWAYS!ARE!BROOMCSWEPT!FINISH(◊ THE!EXTERIOR!BALCONY!PLASTER!IS!ALSO!A!BROOMCSWEPT!FINISH(

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(

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iv. Electrical(System,(Outlet,(and(Lighting(Fixture(Checklist((

◊ ALL!INSTALLED!INTERIOR!ELECTRICAL!OUTLETS!HAVE!BEEN!TESTED!FOR!FUNCTIONALITY(◊ ALL!INSTALLED!INTERIOR!LIGHTS!AND!THEIR!ASSOCIATED!SWITCHES!HAVE!BEEN!TESTED!FOR!

FUNCTIONALITY(◊ ALL!EXTERIOR,!WALL!MOUNTED!LIGHTING!AND!SWITCHWORK!HAS!BEEN!TESTED!FOR!

FUNCTIONALITY(◊ ALL!CIRCUIT!BREAKERS!ARE!FUNCTIONAL(◊ ALL!CIRCUIT!BREAKERS!ARE!CLEARLY!LABELED!INSIDE!EACH!BREAKER!BOX(◊ ALL!BUILDINGCSPECIFIC!KILL!SWITCHES!ARE!FUNCTIONAL(

(


(

(

v. Plumbing(Installation(and(Fixture(Checklist((

◊ ALL!TOILETS!FLUSH!AND!REFILL!NORMALLY(◊ ALL!SINKS!OPERATE!WITH!ADEQUATE!WATER!PRESSURE(◊ ALL!SINKS!AND!TOILETS!DRAIN!NORMALLY(◊ ALL!FIXTURES!ARE!FREE!OF!LEAKS,!DRIPS,!OR!BAD!SEALS(

(


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vi. Window(and(Door(Operational(Checklist((

◊ ALL!DOORS!OPEN!AND!SHUT!SMOOTHLY,!WITHOUT!EXCESSIVE!EFFORT!OR!NOISE(◊ ALL!DOOR!HARDWARE!MATCHES(◊ ALL!DOOR!LOCKS,!KNOBS,!AND!HANDLES!OPERATE!CORRECTLY(◊ ALL!WINDOW!HARDWARE!MATCHES(◊ ALL!OPERABLE!WINDOWS!OPEN!AND!CLOSE!SMOOTHLY,!WITHOUT!EXCESSIVE!EFFORT!OR!

NOISE(◊ ALL!WINDOW!AND!DOOR!FINISHES!ARE!FREE!OF!DENTS,!CHIPS,!OR!BLEMISHES(◊ ALL!WINDOW!AND!DOOR!GLASS!IS!FREE!OF!IMPERFECTIONS,!CHIPS,!OR!CRACKS(◊ ALL!WINDOWS!AND!DOORS!PROPERLY!SEAL!WHEN!CLOSED(◊ KEYS!HAVE!BEEN!PROVIDED!FOR!ALL!LOCKABLE!EXTERIOR!AND!INTERIOR!DOORS(◊ ALL!LOCKS!AND!KEYS!HAVE!BEEN!TESTED!AND!OPERATE!NORMALLY(

(


(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

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(

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LIST(OF(CORRECTIVE(ACTIONS(REQUIRED(BY(INSPECTION(SECTION(

i. EXTERIOR(GROUND(LEVELING((

(

(

(

(

(

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(

(

(

(

(

(

ii. EXTERIOR(AND(INTERIOR(FINISH(QUALITY((

(

(

(

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LIST(OF(CORRECTIVE(ACTIONS(REQUIRED(BY(INSPECTION(SECTION((continued)((

iii. FLOOR(FINISH(((((((((((((((((((

iv. ELECTRICAL(SYSTEM,(OUTLETS,(AND(LIGHTING(FICTURES((

(

(

(

(

(

(

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(

(

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LIST(OF(CORRECTIVE(ACTIONS(REQUIRED(BY(INSPECTION(SECTION((continued)((

v. PLUMBING(INSTALLATION(AND(FIXTURES((

(

(

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(

(

(

(

(

(

(

(

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(

vi. WINDOW(AND(DOOR(OPERATION((

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CERTIFICATION(OF(CLOSETIN(INSPECTION:(TABARRE(SITE(DEVELOPMENT(

(

(

(

(

(

Project(Name:(

Village(Unit(Identification(Number:(

Contractor(Name:(

Date:(

(

(

(

( I!here!by!certify!that!the!aboveCnamed!project!has!been!inspected!per!the!attached!checklist.!!Any!and!all!corrective!actions!required!for!fulfillment!of!the!contract!requirements!have!been!completed,!and!all!inspected!items!have!been!found!satisfactory!in!form,!function,!fit,!and!finish.!

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Name:!

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Title:!

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