Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
The Cardiovascular System. Michael Hall PhD. University of California Los Angeles. [email protected]. The Cardiovascular System. pulmonary artery. pulmonary vein. vena cava. Epithelium and Endothelium. Types of Epithelium. Endothelium is a specialized simple - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
The Cardiovascular System
The Cardiovascular System
Michael Hall PhD.Michael Hall PhD.
University of CaliforniaUniversity of CaliforniaLos AngelesLos Angeles
[email protected]@ucla.edu
The Cardiovascular SystemThe Cardiovascular System
pulmonary artery
vena cava
pulmonary vein
Epithelium and EndotheliumEpithelium and Endothelium
Types ofTypes ofEpitheliumEpithelium
EndotheliumEndothelium is a is a specialized simple specialized simple squamous epithelium squamous epithelium
EndotheliumSmooth muscle
Endothelium lines all blood vesselsEndothelium lines all blood vessels
The role of endothelial cells in diapedesisThe role of endothelial cells in diapedesis
The HeartThe Heart
R. lung
L. lung
Trunk and legs
Head and arms
SVC
IVC
Aorta
Septum
RA
RV
LA
LV
The Heart WallThe Heart WallEpicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium
Atrium
EpicardiumMyocardium
EndocardiumPericardium
Fluid
spac
e
Inside
Heart valvesHeart valves
chordae tendinae
Valve
E
E
Heart valveHeart valve
F
Valve
Heart valves and supporting fibrous skeletonHeart valves and supporting fibrous skeleton
ValvesValves
FibrousFibrousskeletonskeleton
Cardiac Cardiac muscle muscle (myocardium)(myocardium)
Conducting SystemConducting System
Conducting system of the heartConducting system of the heart
Purkinje cells Purkinje cells make up make up
the the Purkinje fibersPurkinje fibers,,
which constitute part of the which constitute part of the conducting system of the heartconducting system of the heart
EndocardiumEndocardium
Cardiac muscle fibers
Conducting system of the heartConducting system of the heart
Bundle of His
Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle
Organization of Cardiac MuscleOrganization of Cardiac Muscle
Intercalated diskIntercalated diskIntercalated disc
myofibrils
myofiberendomysium
Structure of a Cardiac Muscle SarcomereStructure of a Cardiac Muscle Sarcomere
Electron Electron MicrographMicrograph
DiagramDiagram
Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle
Z-diskZ-disk
A-band
A-band
I-ban
d
I-ban
d
sarcomere
sarcomere
cardiac muscle
IDID
Branching fibersBranching fibers
Cardiac MuscleCardiac Muscle
NNCTCT
Structure of intercalated disc Structure of intercalated disc of cardiac muscleof cardiac muscle
Fiber 3Fiber 3
Fiber 2Fiber 2
Fiber 4Fiber 4
FiberFiber 11
Z-disk
Smooth MuscleSmooth Muscle
Smooth Muscle CellSmooth Muscle Cell
Smooth Muscle SheetSmooth Muscle Sheet
Smooth Muscle Smooth Muscle
Small Artery with Smooth Muscle Small Artery with Smooth Muscle in tunica media in tunica media
Endothelium
Smooth Muscle ContractionSmooth Muscle Contraction
The distributing portion The distributing portion of the cardiovascularof the cardiovascular
systemsystem
The arteries and veins The arteries and veins
General Structure of Artery and Vein General Structure of Artery and Vein
T. IntimaT. Intima: :
Endothelium Endothelium + Subendothelium+ Subendothelium+ Elastic lamina + Elastic lamina
T. MediaT. Media: :
Smooth muscle Smooth muscle CollagenCollagenElasticaElastica
T. AdventitiaT. Adventitia: :
CollagenCollagenElasticaElasticaVasa vasorumVasa vasorum
Structure of a typical Vein and ArteryStructure of a typical Vein and Artery
ArteriesArteries
Muscular (distributing) Muscular (distributing) artery (eg renal, splenic)artery (eg renal, splenic)
Elastic (conducting) Elastic (conducting) artery (eg aorta)artery (eg aorta)
Muscular (distributing) Muscular (distributing) artery artery
Elastic (conducting) Elastic (conducting) artery artery
T. intimaT. intima
T. mediaT. media
T adventitiaT adventitia
IELIEL
EELEEL
T. intimaT. intima
T. mediaT. mediaT adventitiaT adventitia
elastic laminae elastic laminae
Arteriole and venuleArteriole and venule
V
A
IEL
Atherosclerosis: deposition of fat in the Atherosclerosis: deposition of fat in the intima layerintima layer
Leading cause of death in industrialized Leading cause of death in industrialized nationsnations
Death results from occlusion or rupture of Death results from occlusion or rupture of arteriesarteries
Prevalence is close to 100%Prevalence is close to 100%
CapillariesCapillaries
CapillariesCapillariesContinuous Fenestrated Sinusoidal
Continuous Fenestrated Sinusoidal
Types of capillariesTypes of capillaries
Capillary Capillary blood flowblood flow
A-V A-V anastomosisanastomosis
Capillary functionsCapillary functions
1.1.Selective permeability barrier:Selective permeability barrier: Exchange of nutrientsExchange of nutrients
2.2.Metabolic functions:Metabolic functions: Effect on blood flowEffect on blood flow
1.1.Antithrombogenic effect:Antithrombogenic effect: Prevention of blood clottingPrevention of blood clotting
VeinsVeins
Muscular artery and large vein
Large veinLarge veineg. vena cavaeg. vena cava
Medium veinMedium vein
t. i
t. m
t. a
t. a
t. mt. i
Large vein
small vein/venuleSmall artery
Arterioles
Venule
TM
TA
Contraction of skeletal and smooth muscleaid in the return of blood to the heart. Valves prevent backflow
LymphaticsLymphatics
Vblood flow
Capillary Exchange
Heart valveHeart valveelastica
CT
chordae tendinae
Valve
Valve
