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World War II
The Canadian Home Front
The Role of Women Overseas◦In 1941, for the first time in Canadian
history official women’s ____________were created _______
The Canadian Women’s Army Corps – _______
_________ The _______– Women’s Division
________ Women’s Royal Canadian Naval Service
– called “________”
The Role of Women
The Role of Women Over Seas◦ By the end of the war, over ____________ Canadian
women served overseas As cooks, nurses, pilots, mechanics, welders and
radar operators◦ Canadian women were even assigned to coastal
_________, and some even flew _________across the __________during Ferry Command During Ferry Command, nearly 10,000 planes were
flown from North America to Britain◦ These trans-Atlantic flights were very dangerous
Over ______flyers died while making this trip
The Role of Women
The Role of Women Over Seas◦ The most ___________job for women was to serve as
part of the Special Operations Executive (______) Women who did this worked as _________________, who
were parachuted into occupied France to find out everything they could to help the Allies plan an invasion on ______________
◦ Women worked as saboteurs, couriers, and radio operators for the SOE
◦ Also, during the Battle of Britain, women worked at secret ________ stations to alert the Allies of incoming planes
The Role of Women
The Role of Women on the Home Front◦ There was a big increase in the number of women in
the Canadian ______________during WW2◦ _________began to operate __ days a week, __ hours
a day◦ By 1944, the number of women in the work force
had reached over ____________◦ Women held the same jobs as men but were paid
_____◦ During the war the Canadian government provided
__________and _____breaks for women, but once the war ended, so did this _____________
◦ Most people expected women would give up their jobs to returning soldiers when the war was over.
The Role of Women
◦ When the second World War started, the economic _______________of the 1930’s was over
◦ The whole economy was focused on maintaining the flow of ____________and ____________to Britain
◦ Many _____________were involved in war production
◦ Canadian factories made bombs, bullets, ships, aircrafts, and armoured cars
◦ Automobile factories stopped making cars and began to only make ___________for the _______front
◦ The focus of Canadian industries on wartime production was called the “____________________”
Production
◦ Canadian government played a much larger role in WW2
◦ ________________________(owned by the government) dedicated to all aspects of wartime production
◦ Federal government introduced ____________(limited gas, coffee, butter, milk, and meat as examples)
◦ The __________________was created and managed by C.D. Howe He was given _______power
◦ The goal was to organize Canadian industry toward a _________purpose of supplying the ________
Production
Government paid for war effort through:◦ ________◦ War ________sales◦ _____payments from Britain
Gov’t introduced rationing and restrictions on:◦ ______◦ ________◦ _____
Production - Government Role
◦ When the American government introduced the ____________________in 1941, Canada became very worried that Allied countries would no longer buy from them The Lend Lease Act allowed Allied countries to ____
materials from the US without having to _____________
◦ Prime Minister King and President Roosevelt created the __________________________, which stated that: The US would buy more ______materials from
Canada, and the US would also _________Canada with American _____for weapon production
Production – Government Role
_____________is information that is spread for the purpose of _______________something
Propaganda
The information spread by propaganda during WWII was not always ___________
The National Film Board of Canada developed hundreds of _______________and short films to encourage Canadians to _____________in WWII
Posters were also made to create the idea that the ___________were very ______, and to discourage Canadians from carelessly _______ about war information
Propaganda
The British Commonwealth Air Training Plan◦ In 1939, Canada created the British Commonwealth
Air Training Plan, which created _________in Canada to _____ pilots and other crew members from _______________ countries
◦ By 1942 there was a very large demand for _____, as the Allies began the systematic bombing of German cities Allied planes flew across enemy lines to bomb _____,
_____, and _______________◦ By the end of the war, more than _________air
personnel were trained at over ________ sites across Canada
Canadian Training Facilities
____________◦ Was a special _____training facility located outside
___________, Ontario◦ Camp X opened a few days after the Japanese
bombing of ________Harbour◦ Canadian, British, and American spies were trained at
this secret school Camp X trained ______spies to work around the world
◦ Several Canadian spies served “___________________” providing valuable information about the enemies
◦ Most Canadian government and military leaders did not even know that Camp X ___________
◦ Was also where ______(complex radio) intercepted enemy _______and transmitted information between North America and Britain
Canadian Training Facilities
1939 – PM King made an election _________to never introduce ________________(mandatory military service) for overseas duty
By 1940 – King implemented the _____________________________________(NRMA)◦ Gave the government the power to control ______
and ___________resources in emergencies◦ Everyone over ____ years had to sign up to defend
the country for “_______________”- NOT OVERSEAS◦ Only those that were mentally _____or with strong
___________beliefs were excluded
Conscription
By _______– need for more ___________overseas
PM King held a ___________(vote) asking Canadians to release him from his promise not to introduce conscription◦ Majority of _______Canadians
supported conscription (___% yes)
◦ Majority of _______Canadians did not - (____% NO)
Conscription
PM King Voting in 1942 Conscription Plebiscite
•As the war was ending, conscription sent 13,000 Canadians overseas• Only ______ reached the front
lines•The Conscription Crisis of 1942 created __________between French & English Canada•It did _____create the same extreme conflict of the WWI (1917) crisis
As in WWI, The ______________ Act was used again
The government required groups of Canadians to register as __________________.◦ They were afraid that they might be _________or might
commit acts of _____________◦ This was anyone who was from an ethnic group whose
_______________were at war with Canada _______________camps were set up in Canada The government ____________any pro-______
political parties, as well as the _____________ party of Canada
In total - over _____________Canadians were forced to register
Enemy Aliens
Religious groups who practiced ___________were met with hostility
Members of these groups avoided military service by pleading that they were “_______________ objectors”
They were offered ______ ________work instead of military service
Enemy Aliens
Conscientious objectors building the Jasper Road in Alberta,
1941
Discrimination was shown against __________ Canadians until _________
As the war went on – Black and White Canadians served ______________in the armed forces
Blacks began to demand equality in other areas _______________peoples served in armed forces After war - believed that if they were willing to
fight and die for their country, that should share the __________________as all citizens
Also __________(negative attitude towards a group of people) against __________from Europe (people fleeing persecution)
Canada made it very difficult for ________refugees to enter the country
Enemy Aliens
The ______legacy of the Nazis was its effort to eliminate Europe’s __________people
Eventually, many Jewish people were captured and taken to _________________________(often called death camps) where ____________Jewish people were _______
Many Jewish people tried to ______Europe to escape this
Enemy Aliens
Anti-_________: hatred of Jews – existed in Canada
Some people refused to hire _______judges, lawyers, professors, and teachers
Many clubs and resorts openly displayed ________on their doors declaring “No Jews Allowed”
Anti-Semitism in Canada
Restrictive Immigration Policies:◦ Preference given to ________and _________immigrants,
while others were actively discouraged 1938 – Canadian __________________Society met with PM
King to appeal to the government to accept ___________ refugees from Europe based on humanitarian grounds◦ A Government official said:
“We don’t want to take too many Jews, but in the present circumstances particularly, we don’t want to say so.”
◦ When asked how many Jews the Canadian government intended to allow to enter Canada, another government official responded by saying: “None is too many.”
Enemy Aliens
History◦ In _______, there was a race riot in ___________where
approximately 5,000 racist Canadians smashed the windows of _____________home and stores
◦ These racist Canadians terrorized Japanese Canadians so they would _________Canada
◦ White Canadians were frustrated because Japanese people were competing with them for ____and were willing to work for lower ___________
◦ In ______, Prime Minister Mackenzie ____________the number of Japanese immigrants entering Canada.
◦ This was to ________the Japanese population ______ and to lessen the risk of future riots
Japanese Internment
•Only _____Japanese people were allowed to enter Canada each ______•Before WW2, Japanese and Chinese Canadians were denied the right to ______, and were not permitted to join the ________forces
After Pearl Harbour◦ People were scared that Japanese Canadians might give
________information to Japan, or even help them invade Canada
◦ In _______, ______________of Japanese Canadians began◦ Japanese Canadians were stripped of rights◦ All Japanese were fingerprinted, photographed, and
given an ___________________number. They had to carry identification cards at all times
◦ Japanese Canadians were forced to choose between _____________, or _____________away from the west coast Most chose to relocate
◦ In total, ___________ Japanese Canadians were sent to internment camps (_________ of whom were _______in Canada)
Japanese Internment
After Pearl Harbour◦ In 1943, the Canadian government passed a law
called the ______________________, which allowed the possessions of Japanese Canadians to be ______ without their permission Items were sold quickly and very __________ Money went to realtors and _______________
◦ Japanese were then forced to _______for their ____in the internment camps
◦ In 1944, a law was passed stating that the Japanese could be _____________to Japan if they did not leave British Columbia, even if they were born in Canada
◦ By 1946, after the war was over, Japanese Canadians were _____________from the internment camps
Japanese Internment
Compensation◦ In ______, ____years after the first internment
camp, Japanese Canadians were _________________(given money) for all they had been through during the war
◦ Prime Minister Brian _______________signed a compensation package giving $__________ for each internee’s survivor.
◦ In total $_____________dollars were paid out
Japanese Internment