The Bridge to Connect The Bridge to Connect Learning to Tests, Classes, Learning to Tests, Classes,

and Lifeand Life

COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS

Reviews Keyboarding formatsReviews Keyboarding formats Uses English rules needed in Uses English rules needed in

business and future classesbusiness and future classes Introduces word processing featuresIntroduces word processing features Integrates benchmark skillsIntegrates benchmark skills Teaches graphic organizers and Teaches graphic organizers and

compositionscompositions

CAPITALIZATION

Type the following sentences. Correct the capitalization errors in the Practice sentences. Bold the rules and put 10% shading and borders around them.

1. Capitalize the first word in a sentence. Capitalize the pronoun “I”. Example: The dog was limping on his left leg. After looking at it, I wondered what was wrong. Practice: the smell of a spring rain is refreshing. fall leaves have beautiful colors. Practice: even though i don’t like to study, i know i must do so to do well on the test. 2. Capitalize personal titles and names of people. Do not capitalize titles when not used with a name. Example: The office received a phone call for my uncle, but Miss Wilson could not find him. Practice: the team gathered around while coach rodriguez and dr. markson checked out the player. Practice: i spent the summer in montana with aunt margie and uncle wayne. 3. Capitalize the names of cities, states, and other important places. Example: We live in Springdale. It is in the northwest corner of Arkansas. Practice: have you ever been to the black hills and seen mount rushmore which are in south dakota? 4. Capitalize the names of streets, roads, and avenues. Example: We had to look at the map to find Whippoorwill Street where Juan lives. Practice: the ambulance was dispatched to an emergency on egret cove in the north part of the city. 5. Capitalize the names of clubs, schools, organizations and companies. Example: We had a large turnout to join the Fishing Club at Clark Junior High. Practice: maria started working for j. b. hunt trucking company last week.

COMPOUND SENTENCES Compound sentences consist of two independent clauses (complete sentences) joined together by a coordinating conjunction and a conjunction. There should be a subject and a verb before and after the conjunction and comma. The comma comes before the conjunction.

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS and, but, or, nor, for, yet, so

Type the following sentences. Capitalize any word that needs to be capitalized. Place any commas and end marks where needed. Highlight the subjects and verbs in each sentence. (There should be a pair

before and after each conjunction. Underline the conjunction. Compose and type 5 sentences of your own. Capitalize and punctuate them correctly. Highlight the subjects and verbs. Underline the conjunction.

S V S V V EXAMPLE: I went to the football game last night, but I did not get cold. he stole the basketball and the team scored after that the wind blew and most of the leaves came off the trees you can do your homework or you can help clean the house none of our players fouled out nor did they have any turnovers julio chose not to buy the video game for he wanted to save his money

COMPLEX SENTENCES

Complex sentences consist of one independent clause (complete sentence) and at least one dependent clause joined together by a subordinating conjunction. All clauses have a subject and a verb. There should be at least 2 subject/verb combinations in each complex sentence. A comma should follow a dependent clause that begins a sentence.

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS

although, after, because, since, even though

Type the following sentences. Capitalize any word that needs to be capitalized. Place any commas and end marks where needed. Highlight the subjects and verbs in each sentence. (There should be 2 pairs in

each sentence. Underline the conjunction. Compose and type 5 sentences of your own. Capitalize and punctuate them correctly. Highlight the subjects and verbs. Underline the conjunction.

EXAMPLES S V S V V Even though it was 40 last night at the football game, I did not get cold. S V V S V I did not get cold even though it was 40 last night at the football game. after he stole the basketball the team scored a 3-pointer because the wind blew so hard most of the leaves came off the trees you do not have to clean house since you did your homework although two of our players had 4 fouls neither of them fouled out julio chose not to buy the video game because he wanted to save his money

CSRQ

Complete Sentence-Restate Question

When answering questions, you should use part of the question in the answer. This helps to prevent answering questions with fragments. CSRQ is a good way to write a topic sentence for answers to essay questions, open-response questions, etc. Why was the football game cancelled?

Because it was storming.

The football game was cancelled because it was storming.

According to this article, how many students scored proficient and advanced on the test?

127 students

According to the article, 127 students scored proficient and

advanced on the test.

Where does Abraham Lincoln Where does Abraham Lincoln want his stepbrother to work?want his stepbrother to work?

St. LouisSt. Louis Gold minesGold mines Lead minesLead mines Coles CountyColes County

Abraham Lincoln wants his Abraham Lincoln wants his stepbrother to work in Coles stepbrother to work in Coles CountyCounty..

abraham lincoln chose not to offer his __________ a __________ because he had loaned him __________ before only to have his stepbrother in financial difficulty again because lincoln considered johnston an __________ and not __________ he chose another way of helping him, lincoln decided his stepbrother __________ too much time during the day so he wanted to help him break the __________ this would be important to Johnston and to his __________ the proposal was for johnston to work “__________ __________ __________” in __________ __________ to earn money his children and father would take care of the __________ at home lincoln then told him for every __________ johnston earned for his __________ lincoln would give him a __________ lincoln felt that this should help johnston form a new habit that will keep him out of debt and if he didnt break the bad __________ he would always have money problems.

Uses different passages to Uses different passages to connect to other subjects as connect to other subjects as well as to the Benchmark.well as to the Benchmark.

LESSON 7—OPEN-RESPONSE Exercise 7.3

From Science World November 4, 1994

“Walls of Fire” by Beth Hanson

Fif ty-two smokejumpers and helitackers—elite fi refighters who rush into fi ery f orests by parachute and chopper—f aced their worst nightmare last J uly. As they battled what they thought was a typical blaze on Colorado’s Storm King Mountain, the weather suddenly turned against them. A mass of cold air blew into the region. I t whipped up winds and f ed the flames. Within seconds, towering walls of f ire surrounded the crew. Some fi refighters managed to outpace the explosive “blowup” of flames, which charged uphill at 30 meters (98 f eet) per minute. Others tried to hide in f oldout fi re shelters. Fourteen firefighters—10 men and 4 women—perished in the blaze. Firefi ghters will remember Storm King as one of the most tragic fi res of the 1994 fi re season, which lasts f rom May to November. By September, 58,626 fi res had torched more than 3.5 million acres of land in Western states. Some 25,000 fi refighters were spread so thin that the Army and Marines sent in troops to help fight the flames.

BUSTING OUT “When this year’s fi re season started, we got the f eeling that things were going to bust out all over,” says Mike Brown, a fi re inf ormation offi cer at the I nteragency Fire Center in Boise, I daho. The West’s warm, dry climate, the weather pattern that repeats there year af ter year, sets up conditions that are especially welcoming to wildfi res. “I n the West there is less rain (than in the East),” says Dave I my, a meteorologist at the National Weather Service. As moist air f rom the Pacific travels eastward over the Sierra Nevada and Cascade mountains, he explains, the moisture turns to rain and snow. But by the time the air has passed over the mountains, it has dried out. Result: Little rain f alls over the inland states. I n 1993, however, more rain f ell than usual. Trees and other plants flourished. Then, 1994 was particularly dry—and warm. Colorado, f or example, experienced more than 50 days over 32˚C (90˚F). The heat dried out last year’s growth, leaving a buildup of parched brush, grasses, and pine needles—perfect f uel f or a fi re. One year’s worth of growth on one acre of f orest contains the energy equivalent of 1,100 liters (300 gallons) of gasoline, according to the U.S. Forest Service. All that’s needed to release that pent-up energy, says meteorologist I my, is a single fi ery spark.

GRAPHIC ORGANIZER FOR WALLS OF FIRE

*____________________________________________ —___________________________________ *____________________________________________ —___________________________________ —___________________________________ *____________________________________________ —___________________________________ —___________________________________

Hints:

Weather Condition

Weather Condition

Examples: Details from story

Weather Condition

Examples: Details from story

Examples: Details from story

2811 W. Huntsville Ave. Springdale, AR 72762 July 29, 2005 Human Relations Director Global Systems, Inc. 145 State St. Springdale, AR 72762 Dear Sir: As you know our youth organization always tries to participate in projects that will help our community and show our appreciation for the support that the community has given us through our school years. This year, we have chosen to help those who are unable to do manual labor around their house. We plan to mow yards, wash windows, clean houses, and other various odd jobs. This is a very big project, but it is one that will provide those in our community not only the improvements needed but also encouragement that someone does care. To be successful and help as many people as we can, we are asking for donations from companies such as yours that care about the community and want to help. The money will be used to buy the supplies needed to do the maintenance or upkeep requested, for example, gas for the mowers, window cleaner, paint, etc. I want to thank you in advance for your consideration and support for our project. Your company has always been recognized as one who goes above and beyond the required or expected. Sincerely Melanie Thiesse

YOUR TURN Read Personal-Business Letter 2 and compose a business letter from the company responding to the request.

Fill in graphic organizer to help organize your thoughts for the body of the letter

Create a letterhead for company stationery o The company is Global Systems, Inc., 145 State St., Springdale, AR

72762 Use the current date It will be to you

o Use your address It is from Miss Mary Smith Her title is Human Relations Director Using your graphic organizer, type the letter formatting all parts correctly Make sure to note that you are sending a check with the letter Be sure to include a salutation, complimentary close, reference initials, and,

if necessary, an enclosure/attachment notation

GRAPHIC ORGANIZER FOR BUSINESS LETTER COMPOSITION ACTIVITY

*____________________________________________ *____________________________________________ —___________________________________ —___________________________________ •______________________________ —___________________________________ •______________________________ •______________________________ *____________________________________________

Hints:

Received request

Talk about organization

Examples: Details about what the organization does for the community.

Approve the request

July 21, 2005 Wilma Richards Baxter Springs Chamber of Commerce 893 Butler Ave. Baxter Springs, KS 67201 Dear Ms. Richards I would like to enlist your help in serving for the annual Christmas feast which is to be held December 5 this year. We are going to need many more servers this year than what we have had in the past as we have moved into a bigger area and are increasing the number of tickets we are selling. If you commit to help with this service, I will need you to meet with us November 28 in Room 412 in the Community Center at 6:30 p.m. for instructions and a quick run-through. We will be able to answer questions at that time. On receipt of this letter, please return the enclosed, postage paid card promptly to confirm your intentions. Your seat assignment will by mailed to you prior to November 28. Thank you so much for your willingness to serve our church in this way. I look forward to serving with you on December 5. Sincerely Charles Alford, Chairman Fundraising Board met Enclosure

PERSONAL-BUSINESS LETTER TEST

Read the letter from Abraham Lincoln to his stepbrother. Compose a letter, as if you are John Johnston (Lincoln’s stepbrother), in

response to Lincoln’s letter to tell him that you have listened to his advice and gotten a job.

The job is at a general store in your town. You are going to do general

labor like unload supplies, stock shelves, clean, and fix things around the store.

In the letter you should refer to suggestions or details in Lincoln’s letter.

Use February 3, 1849 as the date.

Abraham Lincoln’s address is 34 Country Rd., Lexington, KY 39578. John Johnston’s address is 12 Capital Ave., Springfield, IL 27369.

THINGS TO INCLUDE IN YOUR LETTER Paragraph 1

Confirm his observations of the problem in needing more money Thank him for his help

Paragraph 2

Tell him you have found a job Let him know where it is Describe to him what you are going to be doing Let him know that arrangements have been made for the farm to be taken

care of Paragraph 3

Let him know how much you will make Refer to his offer of matching money Accept the offer Let him know you will become more responsible and a better worker

Bold the rules and put 10% gray Bold the rules and put 10% gray shading and borders around them.shading and borders around them.

Create a letterhead for company Create a letterhead for company stationerystationery

Change font to Bradley Hand ITC size Change font to Bradley Hand ITC size 1616

Bold the first line and change font Bold the first line and change font size to 24size to 24

Bold the name and change font size Bold the name and change font size to 20to 20

Change paper size to 5.5 x 8.5Change paper size to 5.5 x 8.5

I. Review Keyboard (2-3 weeks) A. MicroType B. Practice typing sentences and paragraphs

1. Teach/Review topic sentences & paragraphs a. Find and type topic sentences from paragraphs

2. Teach CSRQ a. Type answers to questions using CSRQ method

3. Review Advanced open-response answers a. Read passages type responses and select the best

response given by placing a border around it C. Test D. Speed Timings

II. Punctuation/Capitalization/Proofreader’s Marks (3-4 weeks)

A. Teach/Review capitalization and punctuation 1. Capitalization

a. Beginning sentences b. Proper nouns

2. Punctuation a. End marks b. Commas – compound sentences c. Commas – dependent clauses

B. Read passage and type cloze paragraphs correcting capitalization and punctuation

C. Teach/Review Proofreader’s Marks D. Type from edited paragraphs after reading passage E. Type Open-Response answers F. Test G. Speed Timings