The Book of Hebrews John Oakes, APLA Manila January, 2011
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Introduction Audience: Christians in general, but especially
those who are of Jewish descentAudience: Christians in general, but
especially those who are of Jewish descent Second generation
disciples who are tempted to lose heart in light of coming
persecutions.Second generation disciples who are tempted to lose
heart in light of coming persecutions. Remember those earlier days
Hebrews 10:32 A hint: Those who are from Italy greet you. Hebrews
13:24 Date of writing: AD 60-70, probably closer to AD 70.Date of
writing: AD 60-70, probably closer to AD 70.
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Roman Emperor Nero AD 54-68 Christian Persecutions AD 64 Roman
Emperor Titus AD 79-81 Destroyed Jerusalem AD 70
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The Roman Empire at the time of Hebrews ca. AD 68
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By calling this covenant new, he has made the first one
obsolete; and what is obsolete and aging will soon disappear.
Hebrews 8:13
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Introduction cont. Author of HebrewsAuthor of Hebrews Paul?
Barnabus? Apollos? Aquila? Origen: Only God knows Style of
HebrewsStyle of Hebrews Not a letter Transcript of a sermon? Very
elegant Greek 30 direct quotes from OT. At least 70 other
references to OT. Oscillates between theology and exhortation
History of the textHistory of the text Not in the earliest
canonical lists First quoted by Clement of Rome AD 96 Origen and
Clement of Alexandria: inspired but controversial
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Ancient Ephesus
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Introduction cont. Purpose: To give heart to Christians who
have endured but are being tempted to waver in their faith.Purpose:
To give heart to Christians who have endured but are being tempted
to waver in their faith. Warnings against falling away. Theme: The
preeminence of Jesus Christ!!!Theme: The preeminence of Jesus
Christ!!! His deity The greatness of his ministry The greatness of
his sacrifice The greatness of his covenant
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Outline of Hebrews 1:1-2:18 Jesus is greater than the angels:
Therefore let us pay attention.1:1-2:18 Jesus is greater than the
angels: Therefore let us pay attention. 3:1-4:13 Jesus is greater
than Moses: Therefore let us persevere.3:1-4:13 Jesus is greater
than Moses: Therefore let us persevere. 4:14-6:12 The priesthood of
Jesus is greater than the priesthood of Aaron: Therefore let us
move on to maturity.4:14-6:12 The priesthood of Jesus is greater
than the priesthood of Aaron: Therefore let us move on to maturity.
6:13-7:28 Jesus is the Great High Priest in the order of
Melchizedek.6:13-7:28 Jesus is the Great High Priest in the order
of Melchizedek. 8:1-10:39 Jesus is the author of a better covenant
than that of Moses: Therefore let us persevere to the end.8:1-10:39
Jesus is the author of a better covenant than that of Moses:
Therefore let us persevere to the end. 11:1-12:29 A practical
example of endurance: The faithful cloud of witnesses: Therefore
accept Gods discipline in your life.11:1-12:29 A practical example
of endurance: The faithful cloud of witnesses: Therefore accept
Gods discipline in your life. 13:1-25 Summary and final
advice.13:1-25 Summary and final advice.
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Things to look for in Hebrews (Think about the purpose and the
theme) Things about Jesus which make him awesome.Things about Jesus
which make him awesome. better 13 times, perfect (teleon)15 times.
Let us exhortations.Let us exhortations. Hebrews 4:1 let us be
careful Hebrews 4:11 let us, therefore, make every effort Hebrews
4:14 let us hold firmly to the faith we profess Etc. Hebrews 4:16,
6:1, 10:22,23,24,25 12:1,2 12:28 13:13, 15
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Things to look for in Hebrews cont. The use of types,
foreshadows and prefigures.The use of types, foreshadows and
prefigures. Virtually everything familiar to the Jews (laws,
priests, festivals, tabernacle, covenant) is a foreshadow/prophecy
of what we have in Jesus Christ. Examples: Hebrews 9:6-10 Hebrews
9:23-26 Warnings about losing our salvationWarnings about losing
our salvation Hebrews 3:12-14, 6:4-12, 10:26-31, 35-39 and many
more. Eschatology: In these last days Heb 1:2 Be
prepared.Eschatology: In these last days Heb 1:2 Be prepared.
Assurance of salvation Heb 6:9-20, etc.Assurance of salvation Heb
6:9-20, etc.
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Lets Start! Prologue: Hebrews 1:1-4Prologue: Hebrews 1:1-4 In
the past, God spoke through the prophetsIn the past, God spoke
through the prophets But now, he speaks to us by his son!!!But now,
he speaks to us by his son!!! Jesus is greater than the
prophets.Jesus is greater than the prophets. The last daysThe last
days Acts 2:15, 1 Pet 1:20, 1 Cor 10:11, 2 Tim 3:1 Eschatology: The
branch of theology which deals with end times, resurrection,
judgment, etc.
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Heb 1:2,3 The Greatness of Gods Son great, amazing, excellent,
unique, overpowering, beautiful, impressive, beyond imagination,
mind-blowing, jaw-dropping, spectacular, He will inherit everything
(Col 1:15, Romans 8:17)He will inherit everything (Col 1:15, Romans
8:17) Our inheritance is through his inheritance. The universe was
made through (and for) Him. (John 1:3)The universe was made through
(and for) Him. (John 1:3) He is the radiance of the glory of God.
(John 8:12)He is the radiance of the glory of God. (John 8:12)
Apaugasma = effulgence, shining forth He is the image of God (John
1:18)He is the image of God (John 1:18) Character = wax seal, exact
representation. God revealed himself. He sustains all thingsHe
sustains all things beginning (Creator) middle (Sustainer) end
(Inheritor) of all. He provided purification for sinHe provided
purification for sin He mediates for us at Gods right handHe
mediates for us at Gods right hand
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1:4-14 Jesus is greater than the angels Angel = messenger,
mediator Greek aggeloi Hebrew malakimAngel = messenger, mediator
Greek aggeloi Hebrew malakim Archangels Michael (Daniel 10:21)
Gabriel (Daniel 8:16, Luke 1:19) Evil angels who controlled Greece
and Persia (Daniel 10:20) An angel destroys Jerusalem (2 Sam 24)
Cherubim (Ezekiel 10, Genesis 3:24) Seraphim (Isaiah 6:6) Guardian
angels (Matthew 18:10) Satan is a fallen angel? Myriads upon
myriads (Daniel 7:10) Jewish ideas
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Why is Jesus greater than the angels? v. 5,6 A greater name
(position, rank): Gods SONv. 5,6 A greater name (position, rank):
Gods SON v. 7-11 Angels are temporary, changing (winds and fires),
but Jesus is unchanging and eternal.v. 7-11 Angels are temporary,
changing (winds and fires), but Jesus is unchanging and eternal. v.
12,13 Angels are ministering spirits. Jesus is the one ministered
to. Why worship a worshipper?v. 12,13 Angels are ministering
spirits. Jesus is the one ministered to. Why worship a worshipper?
Application: Do not admire the messenger, admire the sender of the
message; Jesus Christ.Application: Do not admire the messenger,
admire the sender of the message; Jesus Christ.
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2:1-18 Exhortation #1 Pay careful attention! pay attention =
prosechein = to fix, moor a ship.pay attention = prosechein = to
fix, moor a ship. drift away = pararrein = to slip away, as with
the tides, by careless inattention.drift away = pararrein = to slip
away, as with the tides, by careless inattention. violation =
parabasis = outright rebellionviolation = parabasis = outright
rebellion disobedience = parakoe = careless hearing or
unwillingness to heardisobedience = parakoe = careless hearing or
unwillingness to hear The point: If the Jews had to pay attention
to a Law delivered by angels, and if they faced capital punishment
for not listening, how much more ought we to pay attention to
Jesus, and how much more great a punishment if we do not.The point:
If the Jews had to pay attention to a Law delivered by angels, and
if they faced capital punishment for not listening, how much more
ought we to pay attention to Jesus, and how much more great a
punishment if we do not. LISTEN UP!!!LISTEN UP!!!
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Question: How might we ignore (neglect) such a great
salvation?
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Hebrews 2:5-19 A difficult little passage. v. 7 God made us
humans a little lower than himself elohimv. 7 God made us humans a
little lower than himself elohim Gods intent was that we have
greatness and dominion! him throughout this section is us. v. 8,9
But unfortunately, that is not the case right now. Our sin messed
up everything.v. 8,9 But unfortunately, that is not the case right
now. Our sin messed up everything. v. 9,10 Jesus came so that,
through his death, we can be restored to the glory God had in mind
in the first place.v. 9,10 Jesus came so that, through his death,
we can be restored to the glory God had in mind in the first
place.
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Because Jesus Became Like Us v.10 Because he suffered like us
we are savedv.10 Because he suffered like us we are saved v. 11
Because he came here, we are of the same family.v. 11 Because he
came here, we are of the same family. v. 14 Because he shared our
humanity, we are no longer slavesv. 14 Because he shared our
humanity, we are no longer slaves v. 16 Because he is like us, he
is a merciful high priest.v. 16 Because he is like us, he is a
merciful high priest. v. 17 Because he suffered, he can relate and
help those who are tempted.v. 17 Because he suffered, he can relate
and help those who are tempted.
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2:10-18 The importance of Jesus humanity and his suffering.
Archegos Jesus is author, founder, pioneer, source, origin; the one
who goes first both to make and to point the way for us.Archegos
Jesus is author, founder, pioneer, source, origin; the one who goes
first both to make and to point the way for us. Teleios Jesus is
the perfecter, the completer. He is the one who points the way, but
he is also the one who completes the journey toward perfection. He
is our perfecter through suffering.Teleios Jesus is the perfecter,
the completer. He is the one who points the way, but he is also the
one who completes the journey toward perfection. He is our
perfecter through suffering. In becoming human, Jesus forged a way
for us into the presence of God.In becoming human, Jesus forged a
way for us into the presence of God. The Point: Jesus is both the
initiator and the completer of our salvation. Everything depends on
Jesus, not us.The Point: Jesus is both the initiator and the
completer of our salvation. Everything depends on Jesus, not
us.
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Jesus is Greater Than Moses Hebrews 1:1-3 Jesus greater than
all the prophets before him.Hebrews 1:1-3 Jesus greater than all
the prophets before him. Hebrews 1:4-14 Jesus is greater than the
angels.Hebrews 1:4-14 Jesus is greater than the angels. Hebrews
3:1-5 Jesus is greater than Moses.Hebrews 3:1-5 Jesus is greater
than Moses.
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Parallels Between Moses and Jesus Moses Jesus Pharaoh tried to
kill him Herod tried to kill him Called by God to leave
EgyptCarried out of Egypt Forty years in the wilderness to prepare
por his ministry Forty days in the wilderness to prepare for his
ministry Left his position with the king of Egypt to dwell with the
Jews Left the right hand of the Father to life with the Jews Led
Israel out of slavery in EgyptLeads Spiritual Israel out of sin
Aaron prepared the way John the Baptist prepared the way Baptized
Israel in the Red Sea in order to free them Commands baptism in
water for freedom from sin Gave manna in the wilderness (sort of)
Gives spiritual bread to all who hunger Gave water to the people in
the desert Gives spiritual water: the Holy Spirit Spoke to God on
Mt. SinaiSpoke to God on Mt. Hermon
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Jesus: a new and better Moses Moses a household servant (v.5)
Jesus owns the house (v. 6) Moses faithful in Gods house Jesus
faithful over Gods house Moses received the Law Jesus is the Law
Moses gave them bread Jesus is the bread
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Exhortation #2 Do not harden your hearts. (Hebrews 3:8)Do not
harden your hearts. (Hebrews 3:8) Do not turn away. (Hebrews
3:12)Do not turn away. (Hebrews 3:12) Do not let your bodies fall
in the desert. (Hebrews 3:17)Do not let your bodies fall in the
desert. (Hebrews 3:17) Do not fall short. (Hebrews 4:1)Do not fall
short. (Hebrews 4:1) Make every effort to enter (do not rest).
(Hebrews 4:11)Make every effort to enter (do not rest). (Hebrews
4:11)
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Historical type/antitype in the Exodus OLD TESTAMENT TYPE NEW
TESTAMENT ANTITYPE SLAVERY IN EGYPT LOST, SLAVE TO SIN WANDERING IN
THE WILDERNESS SAVED, BUT LIVING THE LIFE OF A DISCIPLE ENTERING
THE PROMISED LAND ENTERING HEAVEN
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Our Goal: A Sabbath rest with God. katapausisA Sabbath rest
with God. katapausis Sabbath-rest = with God in heavenSabbath-rest
= with God in heaven The point: You will rest in heaven. Do not
start resting now!The point: You will rest in heaven. Do not start
resting now!
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Question: In what ways are you tempted to rest now, rather than
in heaven?
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What is at stake? Everything! They shall never enter my rest
3:11, 4:5They shall never enter my rest 3:11, 4:5 We have come to
share in Christ if we hold firmly to the end the confidence we had
at first. 3:14We have come to share in Christ if we hold firmly to
the end the confidence we had at first. 3:14 They were not able to
enter because of their unbelief 3:19They were not able to enter
because of their unbelief 3:19 Some did not go in because of their
obedience 4:6Some did not go in because of their obedience 4:6 So
that no one will fall by following their example of disobedience
4:11So that no one will fall by following their example of
disobedience 4:11 Do you get the point?Do you get the point?
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How can we make our entrance more sure? Give and receive
encouragement (Heb 3:12-14)Give and receive encouragement (Heb
3:12-14) Give yourself no rest. (Isaiah 62:1,6-7)Give yourself no
rest. (Isaiah 62:1,6-7) Fear this! Fear of falling short (Heb
4:1)Fear this! Fear of falling short (Heb 4:1) Let the Word of God
do its work (Heb 4:12-13)Let the Word of God do its work (Heb
4:12-13)
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IV Jesus the Great High Priest Like a High priest:Like a High
priest: Can relate to us (Heb 4:15) Makes intercession before God
for us (Heb 4:16) Offer gifts (fragrant offerings) and sacrifices
(sin, guilt offering) (Heb 5:1) Selected by God from men (Heb
5:1,4-5) Represents man to God (Heb 5:1) Greater than any High
PriestGreater than any High Priest Serves in the Heavenly
Tabernacle, not the earthly one. (Heb 4:14) Tempted, yet was
without sin. (Heb 4:15) Did not need to offer sacrifices for his
own sin. (Heb 5:3) A priest forever (Heb 5:6) A priest from the
order of Melchizedek (Heb 5:6) Brings us into the real inner
sanctuary. (Heb 4:16)
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A wonderful word metriopatheia Heb 5:2metriopatheia Heb 5:2
Empathy, Sympathetic feeling,Empathy, Sympathetic feeling, Bear
with people without becoming angryBear with people without becoming
angry Completely unlike the Greek concept of GodCompletely unlike
the Greek concept of God God cannot possibly feel anything or he is
weak.God cannot possibly feel anything or he is weak.
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Exhortation #3 Grow up!Grow up! Move on to maturity.Move on to
maturity. Mature in life and docrine (1 Timothy 4:16)Mature in life
and docrine (1 Timothy 4:16) Do not be nothros (slow-moving in
mind, torpid, witlessly forgetful, dull of hearing)Do not be
nothros (slow-moving in mind, torpid, witlessly forgetful, dull of
hearing) Are you on a diet of milk?Are you on a diet of milk? Grow
up both in the knowledge (v. 12) and the practice (v. 14) of
holiness.Grow up both in the knowledge (v. 12) and the practice (v.
14) of holiness.
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The Basics a. repentancea. repentance b. faithb. faith c.
baptismc. baptism d. the Holy Spiritd. the Holy Spirit e.
Resurrectione. Resurrection f. Judgmentf. Judgment
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Hebrews 6:4-6 Who is he talking to? a. been enlightened (NT
church enlightened = baptized)a. been enlightened (NT church
enlightened = baptized) b. tasted the heavenly gift (salvation?)b.
tasted the heavenly gift (salvation?) c. shared in the Holy
Spiritc. shared in the Holy Spirit d. tasted the goodness of the
wordd. tasted the goodness of the word e. tasted the coming age
(saved)e. tasted the coming age (saved) Yes, you can fall away!
Conclusion: You had better move on toward maturity in Christ.Yes,
you can fall away! Conclusion: You had better move on toward
maturity in Christ.
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Hebrews 6:4-8 It is impossible if they fall away, to be brought
back to repentance.It is impossible if they fall away, to be
brought back to repentance. They are crucifying the Son of God all
over again.They are crucifying the Son of God all over again. Land
that produces thorns will be burned.Land that produces thorns will
be burned.
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Falling Away Crucifying the Son of God all over
again.Crucifying the Son of God all over again. Subjecting Jesus to
public disgraceSubjecting Jesus to public disgrace Trampling the
Son of God under foot. (Heb 10:29)Trampling the Son of God under
foot. (Heb 10:29) Insulted the Holy Spirit (Heb 10:29)Insulted the
Holy Spirit (Heb 10:29) Blasphemed (spoken against) the Holy Spirit
(Matt 12:32)Blasphemed (spoken against) the Holy Spirit (Matt
12:32) Committed the unforgivable sin (1 John 5:16)Committed the
unforgivable sin (1 John 5:16) What is the unforgivable sin? To
willfully, deliberately continue in sin. (Hebrews 10:26)What is the
unforgivable sin? To willfully, deliberately continue in sin.
(Hebrews 10:26)
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Q: What are the things which accompany salvation? (Heb
6:9)
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The solution Grow. Move on to maturity. (5:11-6:4)Grow. Move on
to maturity. (5:11-6:4) Persevere in your faith.
(6:9-6:20)Persevere in your faith. (6:9-6:20) Hebrews 6:9-20 Gods
Assurance Two unchangeable things: Gods Word Gods Oath (Genesis
22:16-18) Jesus, your anchor, is behind the veil with the
Father
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Four things which are impossible for God to do Bring us to
renewed repentance once we have fallen away. (Hebrews 6:4)Bring us
to renewed repentance once we have fallen away. (Hebrews 6:4) For
him to lie. (Hebrews 6:18)For him to lie. (Hebrews 6:18) For the
blood of bulls and goats to forgive sins (Hebrews 10:4)For the
blood of bulls and goats to forgive sins (Hebrews 10:4) For us to
please God without faith (Hebrews 11:6)For us to please God without
faith (Hebrews 11:6)
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V. The Priesthood of Jesus is greater than the
Levitical/Aaronic Priesthood. I Jesus is greater than all the
prophets II Jesus is greater than the angels III Jesus is greater
than Moses IV Jesus the great High Priest V The Priesthood of
Melchizedek is greater than the Priesthood of Aaron VI (and Jesus
is greater than Abraham)
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Melchizedek: An interesting guy! Without genealogy, without
descendents. (Hebrews 7:3)Without genealogy, without descendents.
(Hebrews 7:3) Without beginning of days or end of life (Hebrews
7:3) Without beginning of days or end of life (Hebrews 7:3) A
priest forever. (Hebrews 7:3, Psalm 110:4)A priest forever.
(Hebrews 7:3, Psalm 110:4) The King of Salem (Jerusalem) (Genesis
14:18)The King of Salem (Jerusalem) (Genesis 14:18) A priest, but
not of the family of Levi. (Heb 7:6)A priest, but not of the family
of Levi. (Heb 7:6) He blessed Abraham. (Genesis 14:19)He blessed
Abraham. (Genesis 14:19) Abraham offered him a tithe/sacrifice
(Genesis 14:20).Abraham offered him a tithe/sacrifice (Genesis
14:20). A priest forever (Heb 7:3, Psalm 110:4)A priest forever
(Heb 7:3, Psalm 110:4)
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Melchizedek: Prefigure of Christ Melchizedek means King of
Righteousness.Melchizedek means King of Righteousness. King of
Salem means King (prince?) of Peace.King of Salem means King
(prince?) of Peace. The King of physical Jerusalem.The King of
physical Jerusalem. Without beginning or end of days.Without
beginning or end of days. Without descendants.Without descendants.
High Priest because of his character, not by descent.High Priest
because of his character, not by descent. Greater than Abraham (Heb
7:4, John 8:53-58).Greater than Abraham (Heb 7:4, John 8:53-58).
Gave Abraham bread and wine (last supper, Lords Supper)Gave Abraham
bread and wine (last supper, Lords Supper) Not a Levite (not even a
Jew!)Not a Levite (not even a Jew!) A priest for everyone; not just
for the Jews.A priest for everyone; not just for the Jews. A priest
and a king.A priest and a king.
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What is a Priest? A Pontifex Literally, a bridge-builder. A
mediator. An advocate. A representative. One who give access.A
Pontifex Literally, a bridge-builder. A mediator. An advocate. A
representative. One who give access. The bridge before Jesus:The
bridge before Jesus: The Law The Priest and the Sacrificial System
But they did not work, and that is the point of Hebrews 7-9
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The Argument of the Hebrew Writer Abraham offered him a
tithe/sacrifice The lesser priesthood (Abraham, Levi) offers to the
greater (Melchizedek, Jesus). Hebrews 7:5-9.Abraham offered him a
tithe/sacrifice The lesser priesthood (Abraham, Levi) offers to the
greater (Melchizedek, Jesus). Hebrews 7:5-9. This prefigures the
fact that a new priesthood and a new law was required. Hebrews
7:11-16This prefigures the fact that a new priesthood and a new law
was required. Hebrews 7:11-16 Why? The old priests died (v. 23-25),
and they were not perfect (v. 26-28).Why? The old priests died (v.
23-25), and they were not perfect (v. 26-28). Melchizedek a priest
forever by an oath from God (remember Hebrews 6:17-18) Hebrews
7:21-22.Melchizedek a priest forever by an oath from God (remember
Hebrews 6:17-18) Hebrews 7:21-22.
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Conclusion: Hebrews 7:28 The law appoints as high priests men
who are weak, but the oath, which came after the law, appointed the
Son, who has been made perfect forever.Hebrews 7:28 The law
appoints as high priests men who are weak, but the oath, which came
after the law, appointed the Son, who has been made perfect
forever. Hebrews 7:22 Jesus has become the guarantee of a better
covenant.Hebrews 7:22 Jesus has become the guarantee of a better
covenant.
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The Greatness of Jesus I Jesus is greater than all the prophets
II Jesus is greater than the angels III Jesus is greater than Moses
IV Jesus the great High Priest V The Priesthood of Melchizedek (and
therefore of Jesus) is superior to the Priesthood of Aaron VI Jesus
is greater than Abraham VII The New Covenant (in and through Jesus)
is superior to the Old Covenant (through Moses) VIII The heavenly
Tabernacle is greater than the earthly Tabernacle. IX The sacrifice
of Jesus is of far greater worth than the OT sacrifices
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Exhortations In Hebrews Exhortation #1 Pay attention Heb
2:1-18Exhortation #1 Pay attention Heb 2:1-18 Exhortation #2 Do not
turn back. Persevere Heb 3:6-4:13Exhortation #2 Do not turn back.
Persevere Heb 3:6-4:13 Exhortation #3 Grow up. Become mature Heb
5:11-6:20Exhortation #3 Grow up. Become mature Heb 5:11-6:20
Exhortation #4 Summary exhortation. Hebrews 10:19-12:29Exhortation
#4 Summary exhortation. Hebrews 10:19-12:29
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Chapter 8 & 9 From Shadow to Reality Hebrews 10:1 We have
already seen that the Aaronic priesthood was a foreshadow of Jesus
priesthood.We have already seen that the Aaronic priesthood was a
foreshadow of Jesus priesthood. Therefore; Therefore; The First
Covenant was a foreshadow of the New Covenant (ch 8).The First
Covenant was a foreshadow of the New Covenant (ch 8). The Jewish
Tabernacle was a foreshadow of the Heavenly Tabernacle (Hebrews
9:1-11).The Jewish Tabernacle was a foreshadow of the Heavenly
Tabernacle (Hebrews 9:1-11). Old Covenant sacrifices were a
foreshadow of New Covenant sacrifice: The blood of Jesus. (Hebrews
9:12- 10:18)Old Covenant sacrifices were a foreshadow of New
Covenant sacrifice: The blood of Jesus. (Hebrews 9:12- 10:18)
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Type and Antitype in the First and Second Covenants Prefigure
in the Law of Moses Realization in the Law of Christ Obedience to
physically defined rules required. Obedience to spiritual
principles required. Physical blessings promised. Spiritual
blessings promised. Ceremonial uncleanness. Sin and separation from
God. Sacrifice bridges the chasm between law and effort. Sealed
with the blood of bulls and goats. Sealed with the blood of Jesus
Christ. Mediated by a High Priest. Mediated by THE High Priest,
Jesus Christ. Laws, rules and regulations for behavior. Behavior
based on spiritual principle and love. Tithing. Sacrifice and
giving from the heart. Sabbath. Come. I will give you rest. Relying
on Jesus. Death. Life.
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Hebrews 8 A Better Covenant 8:5 A copy (hupodeigma sketch-plan,
diorama) and a shadow (skia shadow, reflection silhouette)8:5 A
copy (hupodeigma sketch-plan, diorama) and a shadow (skia shadow,
reflection silhouette) 8:3 Better gifts and better sacrifices8:3
Better gifts and better sacrifices 8:5 Follow the exact pattern.8:5
Follow the exact pattern. 8:6-12 A better covenant8:6-12 A better
covenant 8:13 The old covenant is about to disapear (AD 70)8:13 The
old covenant is about to disapear (AD 70)
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Type/Antitype Relationships in the Tabernacle ITEM IN
TABERNACLE OR TEMPLE ANTITYPE IN THE NEW COVENANT SCRIPTURE
REFERENCE The tabernacle itselfGod dwelling with his people John
14:1-3, John 1:14J. Rev 1:13 The bronze altar of sacrifice The
sacrifice of Jesus for sins The basin/laver Baptism The show bread
The bread of life, Jesus Christ The lampstand The Holy Spirit
Zechariah 4:1-6 The altar of incenseThe prayers of the
saintsRevelation 5:8 The blue, purple and scarlet yarn The heavens,
the kingship of God, the blood of Jesus The curtainSeparation from
GodMatthew 27:51 The ark of the covenantThe presence of God The
Mercy Seat The grace of God The Cherubim Hebrews 9:14 Titus 3:5
John 6:48-51 Psalm 132:7,8 The angels in heavenEzekiel
10:15-22
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Model of The Jewish Tabernacle
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Hebrews 9:1-11 A Better Tabernacle Holy Place, table, menorah,
incense altar, curtain, ark, mercy seat, cherubim, etcHoly Place,
table, menorah, incense altar, curtain, ark, mercy seat, cherubim,
etc These are only physical things.These are only physical things.
9:7 Only for sins committed in ignorance.9:7 Only for sins
committed in ignorance. 9:11 Jesus Christ is in a much better
tabernacleone in heaven!9:11 Jesus Christ is in a much better
tabernacleone in heaven!
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Coming Into the Presence of God The Jewish men could only come
up to the gate.The Jewish men could only come up to the gate. The
Levites could only come into the courtyard.The Levites could only
come into the courtyard. The Priests could enter the Holy Place.The
Priests could enter the Holy Place. The High Priest could enter the
Holy of Holies one day a year, for just a few minutes, after
sprinkling blood all over the Holy Place and into the Holy of
Holies for his own sin.The High Priest could enter the Holy of
Holies one day a year, for just a few minutes, after sprinkling
blood all over the Holy Place and into the Holy of Holies for his
own sin. Us: Hebrews 10:19Us: Hebrews 10:19
Slide 55
First Covenant Festivals as Types Jewish FestivalAntitype in
the Christian Life Passover ( pesach ) The Sacrificial Death of
Jesus Christ Feast of FirstfruitsThe Resurrection of Jesus Christ
Feast of Unleavened BreadCelebrating Being Free of Sin in Our Lives
Feast of Weeks/Pentecost ( shavoat ) The Giving of the Holy Spirit
and the Initiation of the Church Feast of Trumpets ( rosh hashanah
) Judgement Day, Jesus Coming Back Day of Atonement ( yom kippur )
The Day We Were Saved Spiritual Birthday Feast of Booths
(Tabernacles) Celebrating Life in Fellowship with God
Slide 56
Passover/Pesach (Exodus 12:24-28) Under a death sentenceUnder a
death sentence Pure, undefiled Passover lamb (1 Cor 5:7-8)Pure,
undefiled Passover lamb (1 Cor 5:7-8) Blood sprinkled on the wooden
beam above the door.Blood sprinkled on the wooden beam above the
door. A remembrance of salvation from deathA remembrance of
salvation from death A remembrance of salvation from slaveryA
remembrance of salvation from slavery No bone brokenNo bone broken
Remove all the leaven (1 Cor 5:7)Remove all the leaven (1 Cor 5:7)
The third cup: the cup of redemption.The third cup: the cup of
redemption.
Slide 57
Feast of Trumpets Rosh Hashanah/Yom Teruah A foreshadow of the
Return of Jesus.A foreshadow of the Return of Jesus. Matt 25:30-31,
I Thess 4:13-14 Trumpet call. A foreshadow of Judgment DayA
foreshadow of Judgment Day Rabbis: Stay awake all night so you will
be prepared.Rabbis: Stay awake all night so you will be
prepared.
Slide 58
The Day of Atonement Yom Kippur Sacrificial goat and scape
goat. Sins laid on sacrificial goat, killed outside the camp.
Prefigure of the salvation of Jesus.
Slide 59
Feast of Firstfruits A harvest festival when there was no
harvest.A harvest festival when there was no harvest. A promise of
a future harvest.A promise of a future harvest. A foreshadow of the
final resurrection.A foreshadow of the final resurrection. A
prefigure of the resurrection of Jesus.A prefigure of the
resurrection of Jesus. Coll 1:18 The first born from among the
dead.Coll 1:18 The first born from among the dead.
Slide 60
Q: Were the Jews saved by observing the commands given to
Moses? Hebrews 10:4 It is impossible for the blood of bulls and
goats to take away sins.Hebrews 10:4 It is impossible for the blood
of bulls and goats to take away sins. Hebrews 10:11 the same
sacrifices which can never take away sinsHebrews 10:11 the same
sacrifices which can never take away sins Rev 13:8 From Gods
perspective, Jesus was slain from the creation of the world.Rev
13:8 From Gods perspective, Jesus was slain from the creation of
the world. Answer: yes. and no..Answer: yes. and no..
Slide 61
Sacrificial Type and Antitype Old Testament Sacrifice New
Testament fulfillment Scriptures Sweet Savor Offerings (gifts) The
Burnt Offering Jesus and our devotion to God Ephesians 5:1,2 Romans
12:1,2 The Grain Offering Giving back a contribution to God Matthew
6:19-21 Romans 8,9 The Drink OfferingPouring out our life for God
Luke 22:20 Philippians 2:16 The Fellowship Offering Celebrating our
blessings from God John 10:10 1 Thess 5:16 Blood Sacrifices The Sin
Offering Jesus sacrifice for our sins 1 Peter 1:18,19 2 Corinthians
5:21 The Guilt Offering Maintaining a relationship with one another
Matthew 5:23,24
Slide 62
Hebrews 9:12-10:18 A better sacrifice 9:12 The blood of bulls
and goats Yom Kippur9:12 The blood of bulls and goats Yom Kippur
9:12 ashes of a heifer The Red Heifer Sacrifice9:12 ashes of a
heifer The Red Heifer Sacrifice These things never worked to remove
sin. They were only a matter of ceremonial cleanness.These things
never worked to remove sin. They were only a matter of ceremonial
cleanness. The Day of Atonement was only a shadow. The real Day of
Atonement was when Jesus died on the cross and when we accept that
sacrifice by being baptized.The Day of Atonement was only a shadow.
The real Day of Atonement was when Jesus died on the cross and when
we accept that sacrifice by being baptized. 9:16 diatheke (will) vs
suntheke contract9:16 diatheke (will) vs suntheke contract 9:22
Without the shedding of blood, there is no forgiveness9:22 Without
the shedding of blood, there is no forgiveness 9:25 An eternal
sacrifice. It does not need to be repeated.9:25 An eternal
sacrifice. It does not need to be repeated.
Slide 63
The Red Heifer Sacrifice as a Prefigure The Red Heifer
Sacrifice The Sacrifice of Jesus A very rare red heifer A unique
son Sacrificed outside the camp (on the Mount of Olives) Sacrificed
outside the camp (on the Mount of Olives) To purify both Jews and
Gentiles A sacrifice without blemish (not even one black hair!) A
sacrifice without blemish Never been yoked (voluntary, not sinned)
A voluntary sacrifice, without sin Scarlet wool and wood Blood on
wood Hyssop (purification from infection) Purifies from the
infection of sin Combines ashes from sacrifice with water for
purification. Combine the blood of Jesus with baptism for
purification
Slide 64
A Better Sacrifice Hebrews 9:23 It was necessary, then, for the
copies of the heavenly things to be purified with these sacrifices,
but the heavenly things with better sacrifices than these The
lesser sacrifice (bulls, goats, ashes of heifer) The better
sacrifice (Jesus) Outward (appearance)Inward (spiritual) Temporary
(repeated many times) Eternal (only done once) CeremonialReal Not
voluntaryVoluntary MechanicalSpontaneous UnawareRational,
aware
Slide 65
The Greatness of Jesus I Jesus is greater than all the prophets
II Jesus is greater than the angels III Jesus is greater than Moses
IV Jesus the great High Priest V The Priesthood of Melchizedek is
superior to the Priesthood of Aaron VI Jesus is greater than
Abraham VII The New Covenant (in and through Jesus) is superior to
the Old Covenant (through Moses) VIII The heavenly Tabernacle is
greater than the earthly Tabernacle. IX The sacrifice of Jesus is
of far greater worth than the OT sacrifices
Slide 66
Exhortation #4 A Summary Exhortation Exhortation #1 Pay
attention Heb 2:1-18Exhortation #1 Pay attention Heb 2:1-18
Exhortation #2 Do not turn back. Persevere Heb 3:6-4:13Exhortation
#2 Do not turn back. Persevere Heb 3:6-4:13 Exhortation #3 Grow up.
Become mature Heb 5:11-6:20Exhortation #3 Grow up. Become mature
Heb 5:11-6:20 Exhortation #4 Summary exhortation. Hebrews
10:19-12:29Exhortation #4 Summary exhortation. Hebrews
10:19-12:29
Slide 67
Salad time! 10:22 Let us draw near [to God]10:22 Let us draw
near [to God] 10:23 Let us hold to our confession of hope without
wavering10:23 Let us hold to our confession of hope without
wavering 10:24 Let us be concerned about one another and encourage
one another toward love and good deeds10:24 Let us be concerned
about one another and encourage one another toward love and good
deeds 10:25 Let us not stop meeting together.10:25 Let us not stop
meeting together. 10:25 Let us encourage one another.10:25 Let us
encourage one another.
Slide 68
Hebrews 10:26-31 The Horror of Sin hekousis deliberate,
habitual, willfulhekousis deliberate, habitual, willful Deuteronomy
17:2-7 How much more we.Deuteronomy 17:2-7 How much more we.
Deuteronomy 32:35 Vengeance of GodDeuteronomy 32:35 Vengeance of
God Romans 12:19 Vengeance on our part?Romans 12:19 Vengeance on
our part?
Slide 69
Falling Away Hebrews 10:26-31 Crucifying the Son of God all
over again.Crucifying the Son of God all over again. Subjecting
Jesus to public disgraceSubjecting Jesus to public disgrace
Trampling the Son of God under foot. (Heb 10:29)Trampling the Son
of God under foot. (Heb 10:29) Insulted the Holy Spirit (Heb
10:29)Insulted the Holy Spirit (Heb 10:29) Blasphemed (spoken
against) the Holy Spirit (Matt 12:32)Blasphemed (spoken against)
the Holy Spirit (Matt 12:32) Committed the unforgivable sin (1 John
5:16 )Committed the unforgivable sin (1 John 5:16 ) What is the
unforgivable sin? To willfully, deliberately continue in sin.
(Hebrews 10:26)What is the unforgivable sin? To willfully,
deliberately continue in sin. (Hebrews 10:26)
Slide 70
Hebrews 11 Heroes of the Faith The key to perseverence is faith
Hebrews 11:1, 11:6 Definition of faithHebrews 11:1, 11:6 Definition
of faith Faith is believing the facts of the Bible.Faith is
believing the facts of the Bible. Faith is trusting the promises of
the Bible.Faith is trusting the promises of the Bible. Faith is
obeying the commands in the Bible.Faith is obeying the commands in
the Bible. Heb 11:1 Faith is being certain of what we do not
see.Heb 11:1 Faith is being certain of what we do not see. It
requires that we deny our senses.
Slide 71
Why were these men and women commended by God? They refused
what the world calls greatness and staked everything on God.They
refused what the world calls greatness and staked everything on
God. They chose what is unseen rather than what is seen.They chose
what is unseen rather than what is seen. Lesson: In many ways, our
worst enemy is success and prosperity. What the world seeks is what
will destroy everything that is important. Example: Shadrach,
Meshach and Abednego Daniel Ch. 3
Slide 72
By Faith. By faith Abel gave a better sacrifice.By faith Abel
gave a better sacrifice. By faith Enoch pleased God.By faith Enoch
pleased God. By faith Noah built the ark, condemned the world and
saved his family.By faith Noah built the ark, condemned the world
and saved his family. By faith Abraham left everything behind.By
faith Abraham left everything behind. By faith Abraham became the
father of many nations.By faith Abraham became the father of many
nations. By faith Abraham offered up his one and only son.By faith
Abraham offered up his one and only son. By faith Moses gave up
worldly success and fortune.By faith Moses gave up worldly success
and fortune. By faith Moses saved Israel.By faith Moses saved
Israel. By faith the walls of Jericho fell.By faith the walls of
Jericho fell. By faith ordinary people did great things for God.By
faith ordinary people did great things for God.
Slide 73
Those of whom the world was not worthy Hebrews 11:13 Still
living by faith (not by sight) when they died.Hebrews 11:13 Still
living by faith (not by sight) when they died. xenoi foriegners,
aliens, strangers, refugees in this world.xenoi foriegners, aliens,
strangers, refugees in this world. parepidemos sojourners,
temporary residents, green card holders, people who do not put down
roots.parepidemos sojourners, temporary residents, green card
holders, people who do not put down roots. Lived by faith despite
never seeing the promise fulfilled.Lived by faith despite never
seeing the promise fulfilled. Therefore, God is not ashamed to call
them his.Therefore, God is not ashamed to call them his.
Slide 74
More Men and Women of Faith Shut the mouths of lions:
Daniel.Shut the mouths of lions: Daniel. Quenched the fury of the
flames: Shadrach, Meshach and AbednegoQuenched the fury of the
flames: Shadrach, Meshach and Abednego Escaped the edge of the
sword: ElijahEscaped the edge of the sword: Elijah Women received
back their dead: Elijah (1 Kings 17:17) and Elisha (2 Kings
4:8Women received back their dead: Elijah (1 Kings 17:17) and
Elisha (2 Kings 4:8 Stoned: Zechariah (2 Chron 24:20-22)Stoned:
Zechariah (2 Chron 24:20-22) Sawn in two: Isaiah (Jewish
legend)Sawn in two: Isaiah (Jewish legend) Put to death by the
sword: (1 and 2 Maccabees)Put to death by the sword: (1 and 2
Maccabees) None of them received what was promised in their
lifetimes. None!!!None of them received what was promised in their
lifetimes. None!!!
Slide 75
Hebrews Ch. 12 If They Can Do It, So Can We Throw off what
hinders: sin! (v. 1)Throw off what hinders: sin! (v. 1) What are
you unwilling ot throw off? Run with perseverence (v. 1)Run with
perseverence (v. 1) Keep your eyes on the goal: in heaven with
Jesus. (v. 2)Keep your eyes on the goal: in heaven with Jesus. (v.
2) Look at Jesus (and the cloud of faithful witnesses) (v. 2-3)Look
at Jesus (and the cloud of faithful witnesses) (v. 2-3) The
pioneer, trail blazer, archegos. The perfector, completer,
race-finisher, teleios. Despise the shame of the cross (v.
4)Despise the shame of the cross (v. 4) Accept hardship as
discipline from a loving father/God. (v. 5-11)Accept hardship as
discipline from a loving father/God. (v. 5-11) Live at peace with
all men, and do not let bitterness take root in your life. (v.
14-17).Live at peace with all men, and do not let bitterness take
root in your life. (v. 14-17). Do not harbor any sineven a small
one. Be holy (v. 14)
Slide 76
Attitudes Toward Discipline are Important Accept it with
resignation.Accept it with resignation. Accept it and get it over
with as soon as possible.Accept it and get it over with as soon as
possible. Accept it with a woe is me attitude.Accept it with a woe
is me attitude. Accept it but think of it as punishment.Accept it
but think of it as punishment. Accept it as it is; discipline given
reluctantly by a loving Father who cares about you.Accept it as it
is; discipline given reluctantly by a loving Father who cares about
you.
Slide 77
Esau: A prefigure of Those Who Sell Out to the World Genesis
25:27-33.Genesis 25:27-33. Esau sold his birthright (as first son)
for a bowl of lentil stew.Esau sold his birthright (as first son)
for a bowl of lentil stew. What will you sell your birthright for?
Is it worth it?What will you sell your birthright for? Is it worth
it? Later, Esau could not repent, even though he wanted to.Later,
Esau could not repent, even though he wanted to. A stern warning
against falling away.A stern warning against falling away.
Slide 78
The Mountain of the Lord A Summary of the Whole Argument
Blazing fire, darkness, gloom, blast of a trumpet. Do not touch the
mountain. (Hebrews 12:18-21)Blazing fire, darkness, gloom, blast of
a trumpet. Do not touch the mountain. (Hebrews 12:18-21)
Terror!Terror! Exodus 19. The giving of the Law to Moses at Mt.
SinaiExodus 19. The giving of the Law to Moses at Mt. Sinai Not for
us!Not for us! For us: Mt. Zion. The heavenly Jerusalem. The
assembly of the first-born (Jacob, not Esau). God. Jesus. The New
Covenant. Heb 12:22-24)For us: Mt. Zion. The heavenly Jerusalem.
The assembly of the first-born (Jacob, not Esau). God. Jesus. The
New Covenant. Heb 12:22-24) We have come to a kingdom which cannot
be shaken (12:25-27)We have come to a kingdom which cannot be
shaken (12:25-27)
Slide 79
Heb 12:28 Summary of the summary. Therefore, since we are
receiving a kingdom that cannot be shaken, let us be thankful, and
so worship God acceptably with reverence and awe, for our God is a
consuming fire.Therefore, since we are receiving a kingdom that
cannot be shaken, let us be thankful, and so worship God acceptably
with reverence and awe, for our God is a consuming fire.
Slide 80
Hebrews 13: Final Exhortations 1.Brotherly love Heb 13:1 2.
Hospitality Heb 13:2 3. Sympathy for those in trouble. Heb 13:3 4.
Sexual purity Heb 13: 4 5. Christian contentment. Heb 13:5-6 6.
Respect for spiritual leaders and the mature. Heb 13:7-8, 17 -
Golden Rule Membership Judges 5:1
Slide 81
Julian the apostate. (332-363) Atheism (i.e. Christian faith)
has been specially advanced through the loving service rendered to
strangers, and through their care for the burial of the dead. It is
a scandal that there is not a single Jew who is a beggar, and that
the godless Galileans care not only for their own poor but for ours
as well; while those who belong to us look in vain for the help
that we should render them.
Slide 82
Slide 83
Hebrews, Perseverence and Predestination Hebrews and Falling
Away.Hebrews and Falling Away. Scriptures which point toward
Perseverence/Once Saved Always Saved.Scriptures which point toward
Perseverence/Once Saved Always Saved. History of the doctrine of
Predestination.History of the doctrine of Predestination. Arguments
for Predestination.Arguments for Predestination. The biblical
doctrine of Predestination.The biblical doctrine of Predestination.
Assurance of Salvation in Hebrews.Assurance of Salvation in
Hebrews.
Slide 84
Hebrews and Falling Away They shall never enter my rest 3:11,
4:5They shall never enter my rest 3:11, 4:5 We have come to share
in Christ if we hold firmly to the end the confidence we had at
first. 3:14We have come to share in Christ if we hold firmly to the
end the confidence we had at first. 3:14 They were not able to
enter because of their unbelief 3:19They were not able to enter
because of their unbelief 3:19 Be careful not to be found to have
fallen short of it. 4:1Be careful not to be found to have fallen
short of it. 4:1 Some did not go in because of their obedience
4:6Some did not go in because of their obedience 4:6 Let us make
every effort to enter that rest so that no one will fall by
following their example of disobedience 4:11Let us make every
effort to enter that rest so that no one will fall by following
their example of disobedience 4:11 Do you get the point?Do you get
the point?
Slide 85
Hebrews 6:4-6 Who is he talking to? a. been enlightened (NT
church enlightened = baptized)a. been enlightened (NT church
enlightened = baptized) b. tasted the heavenly gift (salvation?)b.
tasted the heavenly gift (salvation?) c. shared in the Holy
Spiritc. shared in the Holy Spirit d. tasted the goodness of the
wordd. tasted the goodness of the word e. tasted the coming age
(saved)e. tasted the coming age (saved) Yes, you can fall away!
Conclusion: You had better move on toward maturity in Christ.Yes,
you can fall away! Conclusion: You had better move on toward
maturity in Christ.
Slide 86
Hebrews 6:4-8 It is impossible if they fall away, to be brought
back to repentance.It is impossible if they fall away, to be
brought back to repentance. They are crucifying the Son of God all
over again.They are crucifying the Son of God all over again. Land
that produces thorns will be burned.Land that produces thorns will
be burned.
Slide 87
Falling Away Hebrews 10:26-31 Crucifying the Son of God all
over again.Crucifying the Son of God all over again. Subjecting
Jesus to public disgraceSubjecting Jesus to public disgrace
Trampling the Son of God under foot. (Heb 10:29)Trampling the Son
of God under foot. (Heb 10:29) Insulted the Holy Spirit (Heb
10:29)Insulted the Holy Spirit (Heb 10:29) Blasphemed (spoken
against) the Holy Spirit (Matt 12:32)Blasphemed (spoken against)
the Holy Spirit (Matt 12:32) Committed the unforgivable sin (1 John
5:16 )Committed the unforgivable sin (1 John 5:16 ) What is the
unforgivable sin? To willfully, deliberately continue in sin.
(Hebrews 10:26)What is the unforgivable sin? To willfully,
deliberately continue in sin. (Hebrews 10:26)
Slide 88
Falling Away Crucifying the Son of God all over
again.Crucifying the Son of God all over again. Subjecting Jesus to
public disgraceSubjecting Jesus to public disgrace Trampling the
Son of God under foot. (Heb 10:29)Trampling the Son of God under
foot. (Heb 10:29) Insulted the Holy Spirit (Heb 10:29)Insulted the
Holy Spirit (Heb 10:29) Blasphemed (spoken against) the Holy Spirit
(Matt 12:32)Blasphemed (spoken against) the Holy Spirit (Matt
12:32) Committed the unforgivable sin (1 John 5:16)Committed the
unforgivable sin (1 John 5:16) What is the unforgivable sin? To
willfully, deliberately continue in sin. (Hebrews 10:26)What is the
unforgivable sin? To willfully, deliberately continue in sin.
(Hebrews 10:26)
Slide 89
Question: Do you believe in Predestination?
Slide 90
History of the doctrine of predestination. Augustine of Hippo
AD 354-430 The City of GodAugustine of Hippo AD 354-430 The City of
God Martin Luther (1483-1546): an Augustinian monk.Martin Luther
(1483-1546): an Augustinian monk. Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531)
Reformed Churches.Ulrich Zwingli (1484-1531) Reformed Churches.
John Calvin (1509-1564) Institutes of the Christian ReligionJohn
Calvin (1509-1564) Institutes of the Christian Religion A profound
belief in the sovereignty of GodA profound belief in the
sovereignty of God Double Predestination and TULIPDouble
Predestination and TULIP
Slide 91
Sin, Redemption, Salvation Augustine!!!!!Augustine!!!!! The
City of God Soveriegnty Total depravity Monoergism (only God)
Predestination Original Sin Infant baptism required for salvation
Sacramentalism Transubstantiation City and State Opposed Donatists
Augustine of Hippo (from 6th century)
Slide 92
Augustine: Evil and Free Will About Augustine: Evil arises from
the corruption of a nature which is essentially good. What is
called evil is good corrupted; if it were not corrupted it would be
wholly good; but even when it is corrupted, it is good in so far as
it remains a natural thing, and bad only in so far as it is
corrupted.About Augustine: Evil arises from the corruption of a
nature which is essentially good. What is called evil is good
corrupted; if it were not corrupted it would be wholly good; but
even when it is corrupted, it is good in so far as it remains a
natural thing, and bad only in so far as it is corrupted. A mans
free will avails for nothing except to sin.A mans free will avails
for nothing except to sin.
Slide 93
Pelagius AD c. 354-430 Works Salvation? Affirmed the existence
of free will. Evil is not born with us, and we are procreated
without fault. Rejected infant baptism. Taught that we become holy
through our own effort? More troubling: Since perfection is
possible for man, it is obligatory.
Slide 94
Julian of Eclanum You [ie. Augustine] think that your Lord is
capable of committing a crime against justice such as is hardly
conceivable even among the barbarians.You [ie. Augustine] think
that your Lord is capable of committing a crime against justice
such as is hardly conceivable even among the barbarians.
Slide 95
Q: What is the nature of the Fall of mankind? What happened in
the garden?Q: What is the nature of the Fall of mankind? What
happened in the garden? Puritans: In Adams fall we sinned
all.Puritans: In Adams fall we sinned all. Romans 5:12-19 What
death is this in v. 12Romans 5:12-19 What death is this in v.
12
Slide 96
Thomas Aquinas 1225-1274 Aristotle Revelation by reason
Scholasticism Arguments for existence of God Natural Theology Summa
Theologica
Slide 97
Thomas Aquinas: God, therefore, is the first cause, who moves
causes both natural and voluntary. And just as by moving natural
causes He does not prevent their actions from being natural, so by
moving voluntary causes He does not deprive their actions of being
voluntary; but rather is He the cause of this very thing in them,
for He operates in each thing according to his own nature. In other
words, Aquinas believed in free will and not a strict
monergism.
Martin Luther: Away with James His authority is not great
enough to cause me to abandon the doctrine of faith [alone] and to
deviate from the authority of the other apostles and the entire
Scripture. St. James epistle is really an epistle of straw,
compared to these others (Romans, Galatians, John) for it has
nothing of the nature of the gospel about it.
Slide 100
Ulrich Zwingli 1484-1531 Opposed baptismal regeneration Double
Predestination Reformed Theology Those individuals who end up
damned forever in hell are also eternally determined by God for
that fate.
Slide 101
John Calvin 1509-1564 Institutes of Christian Religion His
emphasis: the sovereignty of God TULIP
Slide 102
TULIP Total depravityTotal depravity Unconditional
electionUnconditional election Limited atonementLimited atonement
Irresistable graceIrresistable grace Perseverence of the saint
(once saved, always saved)Perseverence of the saint (once saved,
always saved)
Slide 103
Jacob Arminius (1560-1609) Opposed Reformed idea of
predestination. Are we Arminians?
Slide 104
Jonathan Edwards A Sinner in the Hands of an Angry God. How do
we know we are of the elect?
Slide 105
1800s America: Predestination Light Once Saved, Always Saved
Preservation of the SaintsPreservation of the Saints Believers
Prayer.Believers Prayer. Once God saves you, in is impossible to
lose your salvation, no matter what.Once God saves you, in is
impossible to lose your salvation, no matter what.
Slide 106
Q: Scriptures which appear to support the doctrine of
predestination?Q: Scriptures which appear to support the doctrine
of predestination? Is a believer in this false doctrine lost?Is a
believer in this false doctrine lost? Q: Scriptures which prove
free will and refute predestination?Q: Scriptures which prove free
will and refute predestination?
Slide 107
Predestination? Romans 8:28-30Romans 8:28-30 Romans 8:31-39
Nothing can separate us (except we ourselves because weRomans
8:31-39 Nothing can separate us (except we ourselves because we
have free will) have free will) John 10:27-29 No one can snatch
them out of my handsJohn 10:27-29 No one can snatch them out of my
hands Romans 9:10-21 (read v. 14-18)Romans 9:10-21 (read v.
14-18)
Slide 108
The Biblical Doctrine of Predestination First of all, man had
free will!!!First of all, man had free will!!! It is Gods sovereign
will that we have free will because he loves us. Deut 30:19-20
Joshua 24:15 Ezekiel 18:19-20 All of Hebrews. God predestined all
of us to be saved (but he does not force anyone)God predestined all
of us to be saved (but he does not force anyone) Very rarely, God
intervenes in history to bring about his will, but even then, he
does not, ultimately steal anyones free will.Very rarely, God
intervenes in history to bring about his will, but even then, he
does not, ultimately steal anyones free will.
Slide 109
Gods Assurance: Hebrews 6:9-20 Two unchangeable things: Gods
Word Gods Oath (Genesis 22:16-18) Jesus, your anchor, is behind the
veil with the Father
Slide 110
Gods Assurance: Hebrews 10:19-23 We have confidence to enter
the Most Holy Place Let us draw near to God in full assurance of
faith. For he who promised is faithful. Hebrews 10:35-36 Do not
throw away your confidence; it will be richly rewarded. You will
receive what he has promised.